Added capacity to slice creation

Make sure we're not vulnerable to CVE-2019-11253.
See https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/83253

.gitignore

@@ -21,4 +21,9 @@ _testmain.go
 
 *.exe
 *.test
-*.bench
+*.bench
+
+.vscode
+
+# exclude dependencies in the `/vendor` folder
+vendor

.travis.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 go_import_path: github.com/spf13/viper
 
 language: go
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - GO111MODULE="on"
+    - GOFLAGS="-mod=readonly"
+
 go:
-  - 1.7.5
-  - 1.8
+  - 1.11.x
+  - 1.12.x
+  - 1.13.x
   - tip
 
 os:
@@ -17,10 +24,9 @@ matrix:
 
 script:
   - go install ./...
+  - diff -u <(echo -n) <(gofmt -d .)
   - go test -v ./...
 
 after_success:
   - go get -u -d github.com/spf13/hugo
   - cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/spf13/hugo && make && ./hugo -s docs && cd -
-
-sudo: false

README.md

@@ -6,23 +6,28 @@ Many Go projects are built using Viper including:
 
 * [Hugo](http://gohugo.io)
 * [EMC RexRay](http://rexray.readthedocs.org/en/stable/)
-* [Imgur's Incus](https://github.com/Imgur/incus)
+* [Imgur’s Incus](https://github.com/Imgur/incus)
 * [Nanobox](https://github.com/nanobox-io/nanobox)/[Nanopack](https://github.com/nanopack)
 * [Docker Notary](https://github.com/docker/Notary)
 * [BloomApi](https://www.bloomapi.com/)
 * [doctl](https://github.com/digitalocean/doctl)
+* [Clairctl](https://github.com/jgsqware/clairctl)
 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/viper.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/viper) [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/spf13/viper](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/spf13/viper?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/viper?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/viper)
 
+## Install
+```console
+go get -u github.com/spf13/viper
+```
 
 ## What is Viper?
 
-Viper is a complete configuration solution for go applications including 12 factor apps. It is designed
+Viper is a complete configuration solution for Go applications including 12-Factor apps. It is designed
 to work within an application, and can handle all types of configuration needs
 and formats. It supports:
 
 * setting defaults
-* reading from JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, and Java properties config files
+* reading from JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, envfile and Java properties config files
 * live watching and re-reading of config files (optional)
 * reading from environment variables
 * reading from remote config systems (etcd or Consul), and watching changes
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ Viper is here to help with that.
 
 Viper does the following for you:
 
-1. Find, load, and unmarshal a configuration file in JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, or Java properties formats.
+1. Find, load, and unmarshal a configuration file in JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, envfile or Java properties formats.
 2. Provide a mechanism to set default values for your different
    configuration options.
 3. Provide a mechanism to set override values for options specified through
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ Viper configuration keys are case insensitive.
 ### Establishing Defaults
 
 A good configuration system will support default values. A default value is not
-required for a key, but it's useful in the event that a key hasn’t been set via
+required for a key, but it’s useful in the event that a key hasn’t been set via
 config file, environment variable, remote configuration or flag.
 
 Examples:
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ viper.SetDefault("Taxonomies", map[string]string{"tag": "tags", "category": "cat
 ### Reading Config Files
 
 Viper requires minimal configuration so it knows where to look for config files.
-Viper supports JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, and Java Properties files. Viper can search multiple paths, but
+Viper supports JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL, envfile and Java Properties files. Viper can search multiple paths, but
 currently a single Viper instance only supports a single configuration file.
 Viper does not default to any configuration search paths leaving defaults decision
 to an application.
@@ -102,6 +107,42 @@ if err != nil { // Handle errors reading the config file
 }
 ```
 
+You can handle the specific case where no config file is found like this:
+
+```go
+if err := viper.ReadInConfig(); err != nil {
+    if _, ok := err.(viper.ConfigFileNotFoundError); ok {
+        // Config file not found; ignore error if desired
+    } else {
+        // Config file was found but another error was produced
+    }
+}
+
+// Config file found and successfully parsed
+```
+
+### Writing Config Files
+
+Reading from config files is useful, but at times you want to store all modifications made at run time.
+For that, a bunch of commands are available, each with its own purpose:
+
+* WriteConfig - writes the current viper configuration to the predefined path, if exists. Errors if no predefined path. Will overwrite the current config file, if it exists.
+* SafeWriteConfig - writes the current viper configuration to the predefined path. Errors if no predefined path. Will not overwrite the current config file, if it exists.
+* WriteConfigAs - writes the current viper configuration to the given filepath. Will overwrite the given file, if it exists.
+* SafeWriteConfigAs - writes the current viper configuration to the given filepath. Will not overwrite the given file, if it exists.
+
+As a rule of the thumb, everything marked with safe won't overwrite any file, but just create if not existent, whilst the default behavior is to create or truncate.
+
+A small examples section:
+
+```go
+viper.WriteConfig() // writes current config to predefined path set by 'viper.AddConfigPath()' and 'viper.SetConfigName'
+viper.SafeWriteConfig()
+viper.WriteConfigAs("/path/to/my/.config")
+viper.SafeWriteConfigAs("/path/to/my/.config") // will error since it has already been written
+viper.SafeWriteConfigAs("/path/to/my/.other_config")
+```
+
 ### Watching and re-reading config files
 
 Viper supports the ability to have your application live read a config file while running.
@@ -116,10 +157,10 @@ Optionally you can provide a function for Viper to run each time a change occurs
 **Make sure you add all of the configPaths prior to calling `WatchConfig()`**
 
 ```go
-		viper.WatchConfig()
-		viper.OnConfigChange(func(e fsnotify.Event) {
-			fmt.Println("Config file changed:", e.Name)
-		})
+viper.WatchConfig()
+viper.OnConfigChange(func(e fsnotify.Event) {
+	fmt.Println("Config file changed:", e.Name)
+})
 ```
 
 ### Reading Config from io.Reader
@@ -178,28 +219,29 @@ viper.GetBool("verbose") // true
 ### Working with Environment Variables
 
 Viper has full support for environment variables. This enables 12 factor
-applications out of the box. There are four methods that exist to aid working
+applications out of the box. There are five methods that exist to aid working
 with ENV:
 
  * `AutomaticEnv()`
  * `BindEnv(string...) : error`
  * `SetEnvPrefix(string)`
- * `SetEnvReplacer(string...) *strings.Replacer`
+ * `SetEnvKeyReplacer(string...) *strings.Replacer`
+ * `AllowEmptyEnv(bool)`
 
 _When working with ENV variables, it’s important to recognize that Viper
 treats ENV variables as case sensitive._
 
 Viper provides a mechanism to try to ensure that ENV variables are unique. By
-using `SetEnvPrefix`, you can tell Viper to use add a prefix while reading from
+using `SetEnvPrefix`, you can tell Viper to use a prefix while reading from
 the environment variables. Both `BindEnv` and `AutomaticEnv` will use this
 prefix.
 
 `BindEnv` takes one or two parameters. The first parameter is the key name, the
 second is the name of the environment variable. The name of the environment
 variable is case sensitive. If the ENV variable name is not provided, then
-Viper will automatically assume that the key name matches the ENV variable name,
-but the ENV variable is IN ALL CAPS. When you explicitly provide the ENV
-variable name, it **does not** automatically add the prefix.
+Viper will automatically assume that the ENV variable matches the following format: prefix + "_" + the key name in ALL CAPS. When you explicitly provide the ENV variable name (the second parameter),
+it **does not** automatically add the prefix. For example if the second parameter is "id",
+Viper will look for the ENV variable "ID".
 
 One important thing to recognize when working with ENV variables is that the
 value will be read each time it is accessed. Viper does not fix the value when
@@ -211,11 +253,15 @@ time a `viper.Get` request is made. It will apply the following rules. It will
 check for a environment variable with a name matching the key uppercased and
 prefixed with the `EnvPrefix` if set.
 
-`SetEnvReplacer` allows you to use a `strings.Replacer` object to rewrite Env
+`SetEnvKeyReplacer` allows you to use a `strings.Replacer` object to rewrite Env
 keys to an extent. This is useful if you want to use `-` or something in your
 `Get()` calls, but want your environmental variables to use `_` delimiters. An
 example of using it can be found in `viper_test.go`.
 
+By default empty environment variables are considered unset and will fall back to
+the next configuration source. To treat empty environment variables as set, use
+the `AllowEmptyEnv` method.
+
 #### Env example
 
 ```go
@@ -236,7 +282,7 @@ Like `BindEnv`, the value is not set when the binding method is called, but when
 it is accessed. This means you can bind as early as you want, even in an
 `init()` function.
 
-The `BindPFlag()` method provides this functionality.
+For individual flags, the `BindPFlag()` method provides this functionality.
 
 Example:
 
@@ -245,6 +291,19 @@ serverCmd.Flags().Int("port", 1138, "Port to run Application server on")
 viper.BindPFlag("port", serverCmd.Flags().Lookup("port"))
 ```
 
+You can also bind an existing set of pflags (pflag.FlagSet):
+
+Example:
+
+```go
+pflag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
+
+pflag.Parse()
+viper.BindPFlags(pflag.CommandLine)
+
+i := viper.GetInt("flagname") // retrieve values from viper instead of pflag
+```
+
 The use of [pflag](https://github.com/spf13/pflag/) in Viper does not preclude
 the use of other packages that use the [flag](https://golang.org/pkg/flag/)
 package from the standard library. The pflag package can handle the flags
@@ -263,15 +322,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
+
+	// using standard library "flag" package
+	flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
+
 	pflag.CommandLine.AddGoFlagSet(flag.CommandLine)
 	pflag.Parse()
-    ...
+	viper.BindPFlags(pflag.CommandLine)
+
+	i := viper.GetInt("flagname") // retrieve value from viper
+
+	...
 }
 ```
 
 #### Flag interfaces
 
-Viper provides two Go interfaces to bind other flag systems if you don't use `Pflags`.
+Viper provides two Go interfaces to bind other flag systems if you don’t use `Pflags`.
 
 `FlagValue` represents a single flag. This is a very simple example on how to implement this interface:
 
@@ -319,7 +386,7 @@ package:
 
 `import _ "github.com/spf13/viper/remote"`
 
-Viper will read a config string (as JSON, TOML, YAML or HCL) retrieved from a path
+Viper will read a config string (as JSON, TOML, YAML, HCL or envfile) retrieved from a path
 in a Key/Value store such as etcd or Consul.  These values take precedence over
 default values, but are overridden by configuration values retrieved from disk,
 flags, or environment variables.
@@ -351,17 +418,38 @@ how to use Consul.
 
 ### Remote Key/Value Store Example - Unencrypted
 
+#### etcd
 ```go
 viper.AddRemoteProvider("etcd", "http://127.0.0.1:4001","/config/hugo.json")
-viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop"
+viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "env", "dotenv"
 err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig()
 ```
 
+#### Consul
+You need to set a key to Consul key/value storage with JSON value containing your desired config.  
+For example, create a Consul key/value store key `MY_CONSUL_KEY` with value:
+
+```json
+{
+    "port": 8080,
+    "hostname": "myhostname.com"
+}
+```
+
+```go
+viper.AddRemoteProvider("consul", "localhost:8500", "MY_CONSUL_KEY")
+viper.SetConfigType("json") // Need to explicitly set this to json
+err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig()
+
+fmt.Println(viper.Get("port")) // 8080
+fmt.Println(viper.Get("hostname")) // myhostname.com
+```
+
 ### Remote Key/Value Store Example - Encrypted
 
 ```go
 viper.AddSecureRemoteProvider("etcd","http://127.0.0.1:4001","/config/hugo.json","/etc/secrets/mykeyring.gpg")
-viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes,  supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop"
+viper.SetConfigType("json") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes,  supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "env", "dotenv"
 err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig()
 ```
 
@@ -372,7 +460,7 @@ err := viper.ReadRemoteConfig()
 var runtime_viper = viper.New()
 
 runtime_viper.AddRemoteProvider("etcd", "http://127.0.0.1:4001", "/config/hugo.yml")
-runtime_viper.SetConfigType("yaml") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop"
+runtime_viper.SetConfigType("yaml") // because there is no file extension in a stream of bytes, supported extensions are "json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "env", "dotenv"
 
 // read from remote config the first time.
 err := runtime_viper.ReadRemoteConfig()
@@ -401,13 +489,14 @@ go func(){
 
 ## Getting Values From Viper
 
-In Viper, there are a few ways to get a value depending on the value's type.
+In Viper, there are a few ways to get a value depending on the value’s type.
 The following functions and methods exist:
 
  * `Get(key string) : interface{}`
  * `GetBool(key string) : bool`
  * `GetFloat64(key string) : float64`
  * `GetInt(key string) : int`
+ * `GetIntSlice(key string) : []int`
  * `GetString(key string) : string`
  * `GetStringMap(key string) : map[string]interface{}`
  * `GetStringMapString(key string) : map[string]string`
@@ -415,6 +504,7 @@ The following functions and methods exist:
  * `GetTime(key string) : time.Time`
  * `GetDuration(key string) : time.Duration`
  * `IsSet(key string) : bool`
+ * `AllSettings() : map[string]interface{}`
 
 One important thing to recognize is that each Get function will return a zero
 value if it’s not found. To check if a given key exists, the `IsSet()` method
@@ -531,7 +621,7 @@ func NewCache(cfg *Viper) *Cache {...}
 ```
 
 which creates a cache based on config information formatted as `subv`.
-Now it's easy to create these 2 caches separately as:
+Now it’s easy to create these 2 caches separately as:
 
 ```go
 cfg1 := viper.Sub("app.cache1")
@@ -562,12 +652,35 @@ type config struct {
 
 var C config
 
-err := Unmarshal(&C)
+err := viper.Unmarshal(&C)
 if err != nil {
 	t.Fatalf("unable to decode into struct, %v", err)
 }
 ```
 
+Viper uses [github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure) under the hood for unmarshaling values which uses `mapstructure` tags by default.
+
+### Marshalling to string
+
+You may need to marshal all the settings held in viper into a string rather than write them to a file. 
+You can use your favorite format's marshaller with the config returned by `AllSettings()`.
+
+```go
+import (
+    yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+    // ...
+) 
+
+func yamlStringSettings() string {
+    c := viper.AllSettings()
+    bs, err := yaml.Marshal(c)
+    if err != nil {
+        log.Fatalf("unable to marshal config to YAML: %v", err)
+    }
+    return string(bs)
+}
+```
+
 ## Viper or Vipers?
 
 Viper comes ready to use out of the box. There is no configuration or
@@ -575,13 +688,13 @@ initialization needed to begin using Viper. Since most applications will want
 to use a single central repository for their configuration, the viper package
 provides this. It is similar to a singleton.
 
-In all of the examples above, they demonstrate using viper in it's singleton
+In all of the examples above, they demonstrate using viper in its singleton
 style approach.
 
 ### Working with multiple vipers
 
 You can also create many different vipers for use in your application. Each will
-have it’s own unique set of configurations and values. Each can read from a
+have its own unique set of configurations and values. Each can read from a
 different config file, key value store, etc. All of the functions that viper
 package supports are mirrored as methods on a viper.
 

flags.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type pflagValue struct {
 	flag *pflag.Flag
 }
 
-// HasChanges returns whether the flag has changes or not.
+// HasChanged returns whether the flag has changes or not.
 func (p pflagValue) HasChanged() bool {
 	return p.flag.Changed
 }

flags_test.go

@@ -62,5 +62,4 @@ func TestBindFlagValue(t *testing.T) {
 	flag.Changed = true //hack for pflag usage
 
 	assert.Equal(t, "testing_mutate", Get("testvalue"))
-
 }

go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+module github.com/spf13/viper
+
+go 1.12
+
+require (
+	github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/bbolt v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/pkg v0.0.0-20180928190104-399ea9e2e55f // indirect
+	github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go v3.2.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20190129154638-5b532d6fd5ef // indirect
+	github.com/google/btree v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0
+	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.1
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.1.2
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.3.0
+	github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.0.0
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2
+	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.2.0
+	github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20190109142713-0ad062ec5ee5 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go v1.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2 // indirect
+	github.com/xordataexchange/crypt v0.0.3-0.20170626215501-b2862e3d0a77
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.2 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.10.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190522155817-f3200d17e092 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4
+)

go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
+github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
+github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
+github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6 h1:G1bPvciwNyF7IUmKXNt9Ak3m6u9DE1rF+RmtIkBpVdA=
+github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973/go.mod h1:Dwedo/Wpr24TaqPxmxbtue+5NUziq4I4S80YR8gNf3Q=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0 h1:HWo1m869IqiPhD389kmkxeTalrjNbbJTC8LXupb+sl0=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KWe93zE9D1o94FZ5RNwFwVgaQK1VOXiVxmqh+CedLV8=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0/go.mod h1:XrSqR1VqqWfGrhpAt58auRo0WTKS1nRRg3ghfAqPWnc=
+github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/coreos/bbolt v1.3.2 h1:wZwiHHUieZCquLkDL0B8UhzreNWsPHooDAG3q34zk0s=
+github.com/coreos/bbolt v1.3.2/go.mod h1:iRUV2dpdMOn7Bo10OQBFzIJO9kkE559Wcmn+qkEiiKk=
+github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible h1:jFneRYjIvLMLhDLCzuTuU4rSJUjRplcJQ7pD7MnhC04=
+github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible/go.mod h1:uF7uidLiAD3TWHmW31ZFd/JWoc32PjwdhPthX9715RE=
+github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0 h1:3Jm3tLmsgAYcjC+4Up7hJrFBPr+n7rAqYeSw/SZazuY=
+github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e h1:Wf6HqHfScWJN9/ZjdUKyjop4mf3Qdd+1TvvltAvM3m8=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
+github.com/coreos/pkg v0.0.0-20180928190104-399ea9e2e55f h1:lBNOc5arjvs8E5mO2tbpBpLoyyu8B6e44T7hJy6potg=
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+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a h1:1BGLXjeY4akVXGgbC9HugT3Jv3hCI0z56oJR5vAMgBU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.0 h1:g61tztE5qeGQ89tm6NTjjM9VPIm088od1l6aSorWRWg=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4 h1:SvFZT6jyqRaOeXpc5h/JSfZenJ2O330aBsf7JfSUXmQ=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180221164845-07fd8470d635/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EbEs0AVv82hx2wNQdGPgUI5lhzA/G0D9YwlJXL52JkM=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8 h1:Nw54tB0rB7hY/N0NQvRW8DG4Yk3Q6T9cu9RcFQDu1tc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.0 h1:G+97AoqBnmZIT91cLG/EkCoK9NSelj64P8bOHHNmGn0=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.0/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ijfRaM=
+gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/resty.v1 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:mDo4pnntr5jdWRML875a/NmxYqAlA73dVijT2AXvQQo=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20170812160011-eb3733d160e7/go.mod h1:JAlM8MvJe8wmxCU4Bli9HhUf9+ttbYbLASfIpnQbh74=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4 h1:/eiJrUcujPVeJ3xlSWaiNi3uSVmDGBK1pDHUHAnao1I=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=

nohup.out

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-QProcess::start: Process is already running

remote/remote.go

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ package remote
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
-	crypt "github.com/xordataexchange/crypt/config"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+	crypt "github.com/xordataexchange/crypt/config"
 )
 
 type remoteConfigProvider struct{}
@@ -33,35 +34,55 @@ func (rc remoteConfigProvider) Watch(rp viper.RemoteProvider) (io.Reader, error)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	resp,err := cm.Get(rp.Path())
+	resp, err := cm.Get(rp.Path())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return bytes.NewReader(resp), nil
 }
-func (rc remoteConfigProvider) WatchChannel(rp viper.RemoteProvider) (<-chan *crypt.Response, chan bool) {
+
+func (rc remoteConfigProvider) WatchChannel(rp viper.RemoteProvider) (<-chan *viper.RemoteResponse, chan bool) {
 	cm, err := getConfigManager(rp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 	quit := make(chan bool)
-	return cm.Watch(rp.Path(), quit) ,quit
+	quitwc := make(chan bool)
+	viperResponsCh := make(chan *viper.RemoteResponse)
+	cryptoResponseCh := cm.Watch(rp.Path(), quit)
+	// need this function to convert the Channel response form crypt.Response to viper.Response
+	go func(cr <-chan *crypt.Response, vr chan<- *viper.RemoteResponse, quitwc <-chan bool, quit chan<- bool) {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-quitwc:
+				quit <- true
+				return
+			case resp := <-cr:
+				vr <- &viper.RemoteResponse{
+					Error: resp.Error,
+					Value: resp.Value,
+				}
 
+			}
+
+		}
+	}(cryptoResponseCh, viperResponsCh, quitwc, quit)
+
+	return viperResponsCh, quitwc
 }
 
-
 func getConfigManager(rp viper.RemoteProvider) (crypt.ConfigManager, error) {
-
 	var cm crypt.ConfigManager
 	var err error
 
 	if rp.SecretKeyring() != "" {
-		kr, err := os.Open(rp.SecretKeyring())
-		defer kr.Close()
+		var kr *os.File
+		kr, err = os.Open(rp.SecretKeyring())
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		defer kr.Close()
 		if rp.Provider() == "etcd" {
 			cm, err = crypt.NewEtcdConfigManager([]string{rp.Endpoint()}, kr)
 		} else {
@@ -78,7 +99,6 @@ func getConfigManager(rp viper.RemoteProvider) (crypt.ConfigManager, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return cm, nil
-
 }
 
 func init() {

util.go

@@ -11,22 +11,16 @@
 package viper
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 
-	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl"
-	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
-	toml "github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
 
 // ConfigParseError denotes failing to parse configuration file.
@@ -121,8 +115,8 @@ func absPathify(inPath string) string {
 }
 
 // Check if File / Directory Exists
-func exists(path string) (bool, error) {
-	_, err := v.fs.Stat(path)
+func exists(fs afero.Fs, path string) (bool, error) {
+	_, err := fs.Stat(path)
 	if err == nil {
 		return true, nil
 	}
@@ -152,61 +146,6 @@ func userHomeDir() string {
 	return os.Getenv("HOME")
 }
 
-func unmarshallConfigReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}, configType string) error {
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	buf.ReadFrom(in)
-
-	switch strings.ToLower(configType) {
-	case "yaml", "yml":
-		if err := yaml.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &c); err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-
-	case "json":
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &c); err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-
-	case "hcl":
-		obj, err := hcl.Parse(string(buf.Bytes()))
-		if err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-		if err = hcl.DecodeObject(&c, obj); err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-
-	case "toml":
-		tree, err := toml.LoadReader(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-		tmap := tree.ToMap()
-		for k, v := range tmap {
-			c[k] = v
-		}
-
-	case "properties", "props", "prop":
-		var p *properties.Properties
-		var err error
-		if p, err = properties.Load(buf.Bytes(), properties.UTF8); err != nil {
-			return ConfigParseError{err}
-		}
-		for _, key := range p.Keys() {
-			value, _ := p.Get(key)
-			// recursively build nested maps
-			path := strings.Split(key, ".")
-			lastKey := strings.ToLower(path[len(path)-1])
-			deepestMap := deepSearch(c, path[0:len(path)-1])
-			// set innermost value
-			deepestMap[lastKey] = value
-		}
-	}
-
-	insensitiviseMap(c)
-	return nil
-}
-
 func safeMul(a, b uint) uint {
 	c := a * b
 	if a > 1 && b > 1 && c/b != a {

util_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestCopyAndInsensitiviseMap(t *testing.T) {
-
 	var (
 		given = map[string]interface{}{
 			"Foo": 32,

viper.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-// Viper is a application configuration system.
+// Viper is an application configuration system.
 // It believes that applications can be configured a variety of ways
 // via flags, ENVIRONMENT variables, configuration files retrieved
 // from the file system, or a remote key/value store.
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ package viper
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/csv"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
@@ -28,19 +30,41 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/hcl/hcl/printer"
+	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
+	toml "github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	crypt "github.com/xordataexchange/crypt/config"
+	"github.com/subosito/gotenv"
 )
 
+// ConfigMarshalError happens when failing to marshal the configuration.
+type ConfigMarshalError struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+// Error returns the formatted configuration error.
+func (e ConfigMarshalError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("While marshaling config: %s", e.err.Error())
+}
+
 var v *Viper
 
+type RemoteResponse struct {
+	Value []byte
+	Error error
+}
+
 func init() {
 	v = New()
 }
@@ -48,7 +72,7 @@ func init() {
 type remoteConfigFactory interface {
 	Get(rp RemoteProvider) (io.Reader, error)
 	Watch(rp RemoteProvider) (io.Reader, error)
-	WatchChannel(rp RemoteProvider)(<-chan *crypt.Response, chan bool)
+	WatchChannel(rp RemoteProvider) (<-chan *RemoteResponse, chan bool)
 }
 
 // RemoteConfig is optional, see the remote package
@@ -64,8 +88,7 @@ func (str UnsupportedConfigError) Error() string {
 }
 
 // UnsupportedRemoteProviderError denotes encountering an unsupported remote
-// provider. Currently only etcd and Consul are
-// supported.
+// provider. Currently only etcd and Consul are supported.
 type UnsupportedRemoteProviderError string
 
 // Error returns the formatted remote provider error.
@@ -92,6 +115,23 @@ func (fnfe ConfigFileNotFoundError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Config File %q Not Found in %q", fnfe.name, fnfe.locations)
 }
 
+// A DecoderConfigOption can be passed to viper.Unmarshal to configure
+// mapstructure.DecoderConfig options
+type DecoderConfigOption func(*mapstructure.DecoderConfig)
+
+// DecodeHook returns a DecoderConfigOption which overrides the default
+// DecoderConfig.DecodeHook value, the default is:
+//
+//  mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
+//		mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
+//		mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
+//	)
+func DecodeHook(hook mapstructure.DecodeHookFunc) DecoderConfigOption {
+	return func(c *mapstructure.DecoderConfig) {
+		c.DecodeHook = hook
+	}
+}
+
 // Viper is a prioritized configuration registry. It
 // maintains a set of configuration sources, fetches
 // values to populate those, and provides them according
@@ -141,13 +181,15 @@ type Viper struct {
 	remoteProviders []*defaultRemoteProvider
 
 	// Name of file to look for inside the path
-	configName string
-	configFile string
-	configType string
-	envPrefix  string
+	configName        string
+	configFile        string
+	configType        string
+	configPermissions os.FileMode
+	envPrefix         string
 
 	automaticEnvApplied bool
 	envKeyReplacer      *strings.Replacer
+	allowEmptyEnv       bool
 
 	config         map[string]interface{}
 	override       map[string]interface{}
@@ -158,6 +200,10 @@ type Viper struct {
 	aliases        map[string]string
 	typeByDefValue bool
 
+	// Store read properties on the object so that we can write back in order with comments.
+	// This will only be used if the configuration read is a properties file.
+	properties *properties.Properties
+
 	onConfigChange func(fsnotify.Event)
 }
 
@@ -166,6 +212,7 @@ func New() *Viper {
 	v := new(Viper)
 	v.keyDelim = "."
 	v.configName = "config"
+	v.configPermissions = os.FileMode(0644)
 	v.fs = afero.NewOsFs()
 	v.config = make(map[string]interface{})
 	v.override = make(map[string]interface{})
@@ -179,12 +226,12 @@ func New() *Viper {
 	return v
 }
 
-// Intended for testing, will reset all to default settings.
+// Reset is intended for testing, will reset all to default settings.
 // In the public interface for the viper package so applications
 // can use it in their testing as well.
 func Reset() {
 	v = New()
-	SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "hcl"}
+	SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "hcl", "dotenv", "env"}
 	SupportedRemoteProviders = []string{"etcd", "consul"}
 }
 
@@ -223,7 +270,7 @@ type RemoteProvider interface {
 }
 
 // SupportedExts are universally supported extensions.
-var SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "hcl"}
+var SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "hcl", "dotenv", "env"}
 
 // SupportedRemoteProviders are universally supported remote providers.
 var SupportedRemoteProviders = []string{"etcd", "consul"}
@@ -234,52 +281,78 @@ func (v *Viper) OnConfigChange(run func(in fsnotify.Event)) {
 }
 
 func WatchConfig() { v.WatchConfig() }
+
 func (v *Viper) WatchConfig() {
+	initWG := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	initWG.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		defer watcher.Close()
-
 		// we have to watch the entire directory to pick up renames/atomic saves in a cross-platform way
 		filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Println("error:", err)
+			log.Printf("error: %v\n", err)
+			initWG.Done()
 			return
 		}
 
 		configFile := filepath.Clean(filename)
 		configDir, _ := filepath.Split(configFile)
+		realConfigFile, _ := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filename)
 
-		done := make(chan bool)
+		eventsWG := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		eventsWG.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			for {
 				select {
-				case event := <-watcher.Events:
-					// we only care about the config file
-					if filepath.Clean(event.Name) == configFile {
-						if event.Op&fsnotify.Write == fsnotify.Write || event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create {
-							err := v.ReadInConfig()
-							if err != nil {
-								log.Println("error:", err)
-							}
+				case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
+					if !ok { // 'Events' channel is closed
+						eventsWG.Done()
+						return
+					}
+					currentConfigFile, _ := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filename)
+					// we only care about the config file with the following cases:
+					// 1 - if the config file was modified or created
+					// 2 - if the real path to the config file changed (eg: k8s ConfigMap replacement)
+					const writeOrCreateMask = fsnotify.Write | fsnotify.Create
+					if (filepath.Clean(event.Name) == configFile &&
+						event.Op&writeOrCreateMask != 0) ||
+						(currentConfigFile != "" && currentConfigFile != realConfigFile) {
+						realConfigFile = currentConfigFile
+						err := v.ReadInConfig()
+						if err != nil {
+							log.Printf("error reading config file: %v\n", err)
+						}
+						if v.onConfigChange != nil {
 							v.onConfigChange(event)
 						}
+					} else if filepath.Clean(event.Name) == configFile &&
+						event.Op&fsnotify.Remove&fsnotify.Remove != 0 {
+						eventsWG.Done()
+						return
 					}
-				case err := <-watcher.Errors:
-					log.Println("error:", err)
+
+				case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
+					if ok { // 'Errors' channel is not closed
+						log.Printf("watcher error: %v\n", err)
+					}
+					eventsWG.Done()
+					return
 				}
 			}
 		}()
-
 		watcher.Add(configDir)
-		<-done
+		initWG.Done()   // done initializing the watch in this go routine, so the parent routine can move on...
+		eventsWG.Wait() // now, wait for event loop to end in this go-routine...
 	}()
+	initWG.Wait() // make sure that the go routine above fully ended before returning
 }
 
-// SetConfigFile explicitly defines the path, name and extension of the config file
-// Viper will use this and not check any of the config paths
+// SetConfigFile explicitly defines the path, name and extension of the config file.
+// Viper will use this and not check any of the config paths.
 func SetConfigFile(in string) { v.SetConfigFile(in) }
 func (v *Viper) SetConfigFile(in string) {
 	if in != "" {
@@ -288,8 +361,8 @@ func (v *Viper) SetConfigFile(in string) {
 }
 
 // SetEnvPrefix defines a prefix that ENVIRONMENT variables will use.
-// E.g. if your prefix is "spf", the env registry
-// will look for env. variables that start with "SPF_"
+// E.g. if your prefix is "spf", the env registry will look for env
+// variables that start with "SPF_".
 func SetEnvPrefix(in string) { v.SetEnvPrefix(in) }
 func (v *Viper) SetEnvPrefix(in string) {
 	if in != "" {
@@ -305,21 +378,32 @@ func (v *Viper) mergeWithEnvPrefix(in string) string {
 	return strings.ToUpper(in)
 }
 
+// AllowEmptyEnv tells Viper to consider set,
+// but empty environment variables as valid values instead of falling back.
+// For backward compatibility reasons this is false by default.
+func AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv bool) { v.AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv) }
+func (v *Viper) AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv bool) {
+	v.allowEmptyEnv = allowEmptyEnv
+}
+
 // TODO: should getEnv logic be moved into find(). Can generalize the use of
 // rewriting keys many things, Ex: Get('someKey') -> some_key
-// (cammel case to snake case for JSON keys perhaps)
+// (camel case to snake case for JSON keys perhaps)
 
 // getEnv is a wrapper around os.Getenv which replaces characters in the original
-// key. This allows env vars which have different keys then the config object
-// keys
-func (v *Viper) getEnv(key string) string {
+// key. This allows env vars which have different keys than the config object
+// keys.
+func (v *Viper) getEnv(key string) (string, bool) {
 	if v.envKeyReplacer != nil {
 		key = v.envKeyReplacer.Replace(key)
 	}
-	return os.Getenv(key)
+
+	val, ok := os.LookupEnv(key)
+
+	return val, ok && (v.allowEmptyEnv || val != "")
 }
 
-// ConfigFileUsed returns the file used to populate the config registry
+// ConfigFileUsed returns the file used to populate the config registry.
 func ConfigFileUsed() string            { return v.ConfigFileUsed() }
 func (v *Viper) ConfigFileUsed() string { return v.configFile }
 
@@ -543,10 +627,9 @@ func (v *Viper) isPathShadowedInFlatMap(path []string, mi interface{}) string {
 //       "foo.bar.baz" in a lower-priority map
 func (v *Viper) isPathShadowedInAutoEnv(path []string) string {
 	var parentKey string
-	var val string
 	for i := 1; i < len(path); i++ {
 		parentKey = strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim)
-		if val = v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(parentKey)); val != "" {
+		if _, ok := v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(parentKey)); ok {
 			return parentKey
 		}
 	}
@@ -592,32 +675,43 @@ func (v *Viper) Get(key string) interface{} {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	valType := val
 	if v.typeByDefValue {
 		// TODO(bep) this branch isn't covered by a single test.
+		valType := val
 		path := strings.Split(lcaseKey, v.keyDelim)
 		defVal := v.searchMap(v.defaults, path)
 		if defVal != nil {
 			valType = defVal
 		}
+
+		switch valType.(type) {
+		case bool:
+			return cast.ToBool(val)
+		case string:
+			return cast.ToString(val)
+		case int32, int16, int8, int:
+			return cast.ToInt(val)
+		case uint:
+			return cast.ToUint(val)
+		case uint32:
+			return cast.ToUint32(val)
+		case uint64:
+			return cast.ToUint64(val)
+		case int64:
+			return cast.ToInt64(val)
+		case float64, float32:
+			return cast.ToFloat64(val)
+		case time.Time:
+			return cast.ToTime(val)
+		case time.Duration:
+			return cast.ToDuration(val)
+		case []string:
+			return cast.ToStringSlice(val)
+		case []int:
+			return cast.ToIntSlice(val)
+		}
 	}
 
-	switch valType.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		return cast.ToBool(val)
-	case string:
-		return cast.ToString(val)
-	case int64, int32, int16, int8, int:
-		return cast.ToInt(val)
-	case float64, float32:
-		return cast.ToFloat64(val)
-	case time.Time:
-		return cast.ToTime(val)
-	case time.Duration:
-		return cast.ToDuration(val)
-	case []string:
-		return cast.ToStringSlice(val)
-	}
 	return val
 }
 
@@ -656,12 +750,36 @@ func (v *Viper) GetInt(key string) int {
 	return cast.ToInt(v.Get(key))
 }
 
+// GetInt32 returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
+func GetInt32(key string) int32 { return v.GetInt32(key) }
+func (v *Viper) GetInt32(key string) int32 {
+	return cast.ToInt32(v.Get(key))
+}
+
 // GetInt64 returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
 func GetInt64(key string) int64 { return v.GetInt64(key) }
 func (v *Viper) GetInt64(key string) int64 {
 	return cast.ToInt64(v.Get(key))
 }
 
+// GetUint returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
+func GetUint(key string) uint { return v.GetUint(key) }
+func (v *Viper) GetUint(key string) uint {
+	return cast.ToUint(v.Get(key))
+}
+
+// GetUint32 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
+func GetUint32(key string) uint32 { return v.GetUint32(key) }
+func (v *Viper) GetUint32(key string) uint32 {
+	return cast.ToUint32(v.Get(key))
+}
+
+// GetUint64 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
+func GetUint64(key string) uint64 { return v.GetUint64(key) }
+func (v *Viper) GetUint64(key string) uint64 {
+	return cast.ToUint64(v.Get(key))
+}
+
 // GetFloat64 returns the value associated with the key as a float64.
 func GetFloat64(key string) float64 { return v.GetFloat64(key) }
 func (v *Viper) GetFloat64(key string) float64 {
@@ -680,6 +798,12 @@ func (v *Viper) GetDuration(key string) time.Duration {
 	return cast.ToDuration(v.Get(key))
 }
 
+// GetIntSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int values.
+func GetIntSlice(key string) []int { return v.GetIntSlice(key) }
+func (v *Viper) GetIntSlice(key string) []int {
+	return cast.ToIntSlice(v.Get(key))
+}
+
 // GetStringSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of strings.
 func GetStringSlice(key string) []string { return v.GetStringSlice(key) }
 func (v *Viper) GetStringSlice(key string) []string {
@@ -713,35 +837,50 @@ func (v *Viper) GetSizeInBytes(key string) uint {
 }
 
 // UnmarshalKey takes a single key and unmarshals it into a Struct.
-func UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal interface{}) error { return v.UnmarshalKey(key, rawVal) }
-func (v *Viper) UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal interface{}) error {
-	return mapstructure.Decode(v.Get(key), rawVal)
+func UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal interface{}, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
+	return v.UnmarshalKey(key, rawVal, opts...)
 }
-
-// Unmarshal unmarshals the config into a Struct. Make sure that the tags
-// on the fields of the structure are properly set.
-func Unmarshal(rawVal interface{}) error { return v.Unmarshal(rawVal) }
-func (v *Viper) Unmarshal(rawVal interface{}) error {
-	err := decode(v.AllSettings(), defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal))
+func (v *Viper) UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal interface{}, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
+	err := decode(v.Get(key), defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal, opts...))
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	v.insensitiviseMaps()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Unmarshal unmarshals the config into a Struct. Make sure that the tags
+// on the fields of the structure are properly set.
+func Unmarshal(rawVal interface{}, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
+	return v.Unmarshal(rawVal, opts...)
+}
+func (v *Viper) Unmarshal(rawVal interface{}, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
+	err := decode(v.AllSettings(), defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal, opts...))
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // defaultDecoderConfig returns default mapsstructure.DecoderConfig with suppot
-// of time.Duration values
-func defaultDecoderConfig(output interface{}) *mapstructure.DecoderConfig {
-	return &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
+// of time.Duration values & string slices
+func defaultDecoderConfig(output interface{}, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) *mapstructure.DecoderConfig {
+	c := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
 		Metadata:         nil,
 		Result:           output,
 		WeaklyTypedInput: true,
-		DecodeHook:       mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
+		DecodeHook: mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
+			mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
+			mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
+		),
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(c)
+	}
+	return c
 }
 
 // A wrapper around mapstructure.Decode that mimics the WeakDecode functionality
@@ -765,8 +904,6 @@ func (v *Viper) UnmarshalExact(rawVal interface{}) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	v.insensitiviseMaps()
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -801,7 +938,7 @@ func (v *Viper) BindFlagValues(flags FlagValueSet) (err error) {
 }
 
 // BindFlagValue binds a specific key to a FlagValue.
-// Example(where serverCmd is a Cobra instance):
+// Example (where serverCmd is a Cobra instance):
 //
 //	 serverCmd.Flags().Int("port", 1138, "Port to run Application server on")
 //	 Viper.BindFlagValue("port", serverCmd.Flags().Lookup("port"))
@@ -882,7 +1019,14 @@ func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string) interface{} {
 			return cast.ToBool(flag.ValueString())
 		case "stringSlice":
 			s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
-			return strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
+			return res
+		case "intSlice":
+			s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
+			s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
+			return cast.ToIntSlice(res)
 		default:
 			return flag.ValueString()
 		}
@@ -895,7 +1039,7 @@ func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string) interface{} {
 	if v.automaticEnvApplied {
 		// even if it hasn't been registered, if automaticEnv is used,
 		// check any Get request
-		if val = v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(lcaseKey)); val != "" {
+		if val, ok := v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(lcaseKey)); ok {
 			return val
 		}
 		if nested && v.isPathShadowedInAutoEnv(path) != "" {
@@ -904,7 +1048,7 @@ func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string) interface{} {
 	}
 	envkey, exists := v.env[lcaseKey]
 	if exists {
-		if val = v.getEnv(envkey); val != "" {
+		if val, ok := v.getEnv(envkey); ok {
 			return val
 		}
 	}
@@ -949,7 +1093,14 @@ func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string) interface{} {
 			return cast.ToBool(flag.ValueString())
 		case "stringSlice":
 			s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
-			return strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
+			return res
+		case "intSlice":
+			s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
+			s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
+			res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
+			return cast.ToIntSlice(res)
 		default:
 			return flag.ValueString()
 		}
@@ -959,6 +1110,15 @@ func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string) interface{} {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func readAsCSV(val string) ([]string, error) {
+	if val == "" {
+		return []string{}, nil
+	}
+	stringReader := strings.NewReader(val)
+	csvReader := csv.NewReader(stringReader)
+	return csvReader.Read()
+}
+
 // IsSet checks to see if the key has been set in any of the data locations.
 // IsSet is case-insensitive for a key.
 func IsSet(key string) bool { return v.IsSet(key) }
@@ -983,8 +1143,8 @@ func (v *Viper) SetEnvKeyReplacer(r *strings.Replacer) {
 	v.envKeyReplacer = r
 }
 
-// Aliases provide another accessor for the same key.
-// This enables one to change a name without breaking the application
+// RegisterAlias creates an alias that provides another accessor for the same key.
+// This enables one to change a name without breaking the application.
 func RegisterAlias(alias string, key string) { v.RegisterAlias(alias, key) }
 func (v *Viper) RegisterAlias(alias string, key string) {
 	v.registerAlias(alias, strings.ToLower(key))
@@ -1058,7 +1218,7 @@ func (v *Viper) SetDefault(key string, value interface{}) {
 	deepestMap[lastKey] = value
 }
 
-// Set sets the value for the key in the override regiser.
+// Set sets the value for the key in the override register.
 // Set is case-insensitive for a key.
 // Will be used instead of values obtained via
 // flags, config file, ENV, default, or key/value store.
@@ -1090,6 +1250,7 @@ func (v *Viper) ReadInConfig() error {
 		return UnsupportedConfigError(v.getConfigType())
 	}
 
+	jww.DEBUG.Println("Reading file: ", filename)
 	file, err := afero.ReadFile(v.fs, filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -1138,17 +1299,238 @@ func (v *Viper) ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error {
 // MergeConfig merges a new configuration with an existing config.
 func MergeConfig(in io.Reader) error { return v.MergeConfig(in) }
 func (v *Viper) MergeConfig(in io.Reader) error {
-	if v.config == nil {
-		v.config = make(map[string]interface{})
-	}
 	cfg := make(map[string]interface{})
 	if err := v.unmarshalReader(in, cfg); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	return v.MergeConfigMap(cfg)
+}
+
+// MergeConfigMap merges the configuration from the map given with an existing config.
+// Note that the map given may be modified.
+func MergeConfigMap(cfg map[string]interface{}) error { return v.MergeConfigMap(cfg) }
+func (v *Viper) MergeConfigMap(cfg map[string]interface{}) error {
+	if v.config == nil {
+		v.config = make(map[string]interface{})
+	}
+	insensitiviseMap(cfg)
 	mergeMaps(cfg, v.config, nil)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// WriteConfig writes the current configuration to a file.
+func WriteConfig() error { return v.WriteConfig() }
+func (v *Viper) WriteConfig() error {
+	filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return v.writeConfig(filename, true)
+}
+
+// SafeWriteConfig writes current configuration to file only if the file does not exist.
+func SafeWriteConfig() error { return v.SafeWriteConfig() }
+func (v *Viper) SafeWriteConfig() error {
+	filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return v.writeConfig(filename, false)
+}
+
+// WriteConfigAs writes current configuration to a given filename.
+func WriteConfigAs(filename string) error { return v.WriteConfigAs(filename) }
+func (v *Viper) WriteConfigAs(filename string) error {
+	return v.writeConfig(filename, true)
+}
+
+// SafeWriteConfigAs writes current configuration to a given filename if it does not exist.
+func SafeWriteConfigAs(filename string) error { return v.SafeWriteConfigAs(filename) }
+func (v *Viper) SafeWriteConfigAs(filename string) error {
+	return v.writeConfig(filename, false)
+}
+
+func writeConfig(filename string, force bool) error { return v.writeConfig(filename, force) }
+func (v *Viper) writeConfig(filename string, force bool) error {
+	jww.INFO.Println("Attempting to write configuration to file.")
+	ext := filepath.Ext(filename)
+	if len(ext) <= 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Filename: %s requires valid extension.", filename)
+	}
+	configType := ext[1:]
+	if !stringInSlice(configType, SupportedExts) {
+		return UnsupportedConfigError(configType)
+	}
+	if v.config == nil {
+		v.config = make(map[string]interface{})
+	}
+	flags := os.O_CREATE | os.O_TRUNC | os.O_WRONLY
+	if !force {
+		flags |= os.O_EXCL
+	}
+	f, err := v.fs.OpenFile(filename, flags, v.configPermissions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	if err := v.marshalWriter(f, configType); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return f.Sync()
+}
+
+// Unmarshal a Reader into a map.
+// Should probably be an unexported function.
+func unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}) error {
+	return v.unmarshalReader(in, c)
+}
+func (v *Viper) unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}) error {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buf.ReadFrom(in)
+
+	switch strings.ToLower(v.getConfigType()) {
+	case "yaml", "yml":
+		if err := yaml.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &c); err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "json":
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &c); err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "hcl":
+		obj, err := hcl.Parse(buf.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+		if err = hcl.DecodeObject(&c, obj); err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "toml":
+		tree, err := toml.LoadReader(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+		tmap := tree.ToMap()
+		for k, v := range tmap {
+			c[k] = v
+		}
+
+	case "dotenv", "env":
+		env, err := gotenv.StrictParse(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+		for k, v := range env {
+			c[k] = v
+		}
+
+	case "properties", "props", "prop":
+		v.properties = properties.NewProperties()
+		var err error
+		if v.properties, err = properties.Load(buf.Bytes(), properties.UTF8); err != nil {
+			return ConfigParseError{err}
+		}
+		for _, key := range v.properties.Keys() {
+			value, _ := v.properties.Get(key)
+			// recursively build nested maps
+			path := strings.Split(key, ".")
+			lastKey := strings.ToLower(path[len(path)-1])
+			deepestMap := deepSearch(c, path[0:len(path)-1])
+			// set innermost value
+			deepestMap[lastKey] = value
+		}
+	}
+
+	insensitiviseMap(c)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Marshal a map into Writer.
+func marshalWriter(f afero.File, configType string) error {
+	return v.marshalWriter(f, configType)
+}
+func (v *Viper) marshalWriter(f afero.File, configType string) error {
+	c := v.AllSettings()
+	switch configType {
+	case "json":
+		b, err := json.MarshalIndent(c, "", "  ")
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+		_, err = f.WriteString(string(b))
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "hcl":
+		b, err := json.Marshal(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+		ast, err := hcl.Parse(string(b))
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+		err = printer.Fprint(f, ast.Node)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "prop", "props", "properties":
+		if v.properties == nil {
+			v.properties = properties.NewProperties()
+		}
+		p := v.properties
+		for _, key := range v.AllKeys() {
+			_, _, err := p.Set(key, v.GetString(key))
+			if err != nil {
+				return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+			}
+		}
+		_, err := p.WriteComment(f, "#", properties.UTF8)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "dotenv", "env":
+		lines := []string{}
+		for _, key := range v.AllKeys() {
+			envName := strings.ToUpper(strings.Replace(key, ".", "_", -1))
+			val := v.Get(key)
+			lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%v=%v", envName, val))
+		}
+		s := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(s); err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "toml":
+		t, err := toml.TreeFromMap(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+		s := t.String()
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(s); err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+
+	case "yaml", "yml":
+		b, err := yaml.Marshal(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+		if _, err = f.WriteString(string(b)); err != nil {
+			return ConfigMarshalError{err}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func keyExists(k string, m map[string]interface{}) string {
 	lk := strings.ToLower(k)
 	for mk := range m {
@@ -1261,23 +1643,6 @@ func (v *Viper) WatchRemoteConfigOnChannel() error {
 	return v.watchKeyValueConfigOnChannel()
 }
 
-// Unmarshall a Reader into a map.
-// Should probably be an unexported function.
-func unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return v.unmarshalReader(in, c)
-}
-
-func (v *Viper) unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return unmarshallConfigReader(in, c, v.getConfigType())
-}
-
-func (v *Viper) insensitiviseMaps() {
-	insensitiviseMap(v.config)
-	insensitiviseMap(v.defaults)
-	insensitiviseMap(v.override)
-	insensitiviseMap(v.kvstore)
-}
-
 // Retrieve the first found remote configuration.
 func (v *Viper) getKeyValueConfig() error {
 	if RemoteConfig == nil {
@@ -1309,7 +1674,7 @@ func (v *Viper) watchKeyValueConfigOnChannel() error {
 	for _, rp := range v.remoteProviders {
 		respc, _ := RemoteConfig.WatchChannel(rp)
 		//Todo: Add quit channel
-		go func(rc <-chan *crypt.Response) {
+		go func(rc <-chan *RemoteResponse) {
 			for {
 				b := <-rc
 				reader := bytes.NewReader(b.Value)
@@ -1358,7 +1723,7 @@ func (v *Viper) AllKeys() []string {
 	m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, v.defaults, "")
 
 	// convert set of paths to list
-	a := []string{}
+	a := make([]string, 0, len(m))
 	for x := range m {
 		a = append(a, x)
 	}
@@ -1407,7 +1772,7 @@ func (v *Viper) flattenAndMergeMap(shadow map[string]bool, m map[string]interfac
 func (v *Viper) mergeFlatMap(shadow map[string]bool, m map[string]interface{}) map[string]bool {
 	// scan keys
 outer:
-	for k, _ := range m {
+	for k := range m {
 		path := strings.Split(k, v.keyDelim)
 		// scan intermediate paths
 		var parentKey string
@@ -1470,6 +1835,12 @@ func (v *Viper) SetConfigType(in string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// SetConfigPermissions sets the permissions for the config file.
+func SetConfigPermissions(perm os.FileMode) { v.SetConfigPermissions(perm) }
+func (v *Viper) SetConfigPermissions(perm os.FileMode) {
+	v.configPermissions = perm.Perm()
+}
+
 func (v *Viper) getConfigType() string {
 	if v.configType != "" {
 		return v.configType
@@ -1490,25 +1861,21 @@ func (v *Viper) getConfigType() string {
 }
 
 func (v *Viper) getConfigFile() (string, error) {
-	// if explicitly set, then use it
-	if v.configFile != "" {
-		return v.configFile, nil
+	if v.configFile == "" {
+		cf, err := v.findConfigFile()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		v.configFile = cf
 	}
-
-	cf, err := v.findConfigFile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	v.configFile = cf
-	return v.getConfigFile()
+	return v.configFile, nil
 }
 
 func (v *Viper) searchInPath(in string) (filename string) {
 	jww.DEBUG.Println("Searching for config in ", in)
 	for _, ext := range SupportedExts {
 		jww.DEBUG.Println("Checking for", filepath.Join(in, v.configName+"."+ext))
-		if b, _ := exists(filepath.Join(in, v.configName+"."+ext)); b {
+		if b, _ := exists(v.fs, filepath.Join(in, v.configName+"."+ext)); b {
 			jww.DEBUG.Println("Found: ", filepath.Join(in, v.configName+"."+ext))
 			return filepath.Join(in, v.configName+"."+ext)
 		}
@@ -1520,7 +1887,6 @@ func (v *Viper) searchInPath(in string) (filename string) {
 // Search all configPaths for any config file.
 // Returns the first path that exists (and is a config file).
 func (v *Viper) findConfigFile() (string, error) {
-
 	jww.INFO.Println("Searching for config in ", v.configPaths)
 
 	for _, cp := range v.configPaths {