[maven-release-plugin] prepare release ebean-11.36.1

Bump ebean-types to 1.3 with of() helper methods

pom.xml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
   <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
   <artifactId>ebean</artifactId>
-  <version>11.33.3</version>
+  <version>11.36.1</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
   <name>ebean</name>
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
   <scm>
     <developerConnection>scm:git:git@github.com:ebean-orm/ebean.git</developerConnection>
-    <tag>ebean-11.33.3</tag>
+    <tag>ebean-11.36.1</tag>
   </scm>
 
   <profiles>
@@ -117,13 +117,19 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
       <artifactId>ebean-annotation</artifactId>
-      <version>4.5</version>
+      <version>4.6</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-types</artifactId>
+      <version>1.3</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
       <artifactId>ebean-datasource</artifactId>
-      <version>4.3.3</version>
+      <version>4.5.1</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
@@ -188,6 +194,21 @@
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
+    <!-- Provided scope to compile with java 11 -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
+      <version>2.4.0-b180830.0438</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
+      <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
+      <version>1.3.2</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
     <!-- Provided scope for Postgres JSON/JSONB support -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
@@ -222,7 +243,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-agentloader</artifactId>
-      <version>2.1.2</version>
+      <version>3.0.1</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -259,7 +280,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
       <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
-      <version>6.4.0.jre8</version>
+      <version>7.2.0.jre8</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -327,9 +348,10 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>2.5</version>
+        <version>2.22.1</version>
         <configuration>
           <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader>
+          <trimStackTrace>false</trimStackTrace>
           <failIfNoTests>false</failIfNoTests>
           <includes>
             <include>**/Test*.java</include>
@@ -371,7 +393,7 @@
           <overview>src/main/java/io/ebean/overview.html</overview>
           <source>1.8</source>
           <doclet>org.avaje.doclet.PygmentsDoclet</doclet>
-          <excludePackageNames>io.ebeaninternal.*:com.avaje.ebean.util</excludePackageNames>
+          <excludePackageNames>io.ebeaninternal.*:io.ebeanservice:io.ebean.common:io.ebean.bean:io.ebean.service:io.ebean.metric:io.ebean.util:io.ebean.config.properties:io.ebean.config.dbplatform*</excludePackageNames>
           <docletArtifact>
             <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
             <artifactId>pygments-doclet</artifactId>

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanFinder.java

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import java.util.Optional;
  * public class CustomerFinder extends BeanFinder<Long,Customer> {
  *
  *   @Inject
- *   public CustomerFinder(EbeanServer server) {
- *     super(Customer.class, server);
+ *   public CustomerFinder(Database database) {
+ *     super(Customer.class, database);
  *   }
  *
  *   // ... add customer specific finders
@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ import java.util.Optional;
  */
 public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
 
-  protected final EbeanServer server;
+  protected final Database server;
 
   protected final Class<T> type;
 
   /**
-   * Create with the given bean type and EbeanServer instance.
+   * Create with the given bean type and Database instance.
    *
    * @param type The bean type
-   * @param server The EbeanServer instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent.
+   * @param server The Database instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent.
    */
-  protected BeanFinder(Class<T> type, EbeanServer server) {
+  protected BeanFinder(Class<T> type, Database server) {
     this.type = type;
     this.server = server;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return the EbeanServer to use.
+   * Return the Database to use.
    */
-  public EbeanServer db() {
+  public Database db() {
     return server;
   }
 
@@ -66,21 +66,20 @@ public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return typically a different EbeanServer to the default.
+   * Return typically a different Database to the default.
    * <p>
-   * This is equivalent to {@link Ebean#getServer(String)}
+   * This is equivalent to {@link DB#byName(String)}
    *
-   * @param server The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is
-   *               returned.
+   * @param server The name of the Database. If this is null then the default Database is returned.
    */
-  public EbeanServer db(String server) {
-    return Ebean.getServer(server);
+  public Database db(String server) {
+    return DB.byName(server);
   }
 
   /**
    * Creates an entity reference for this ID.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#getReference(Class, Object)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#getReference(Class, Object)}
    */
   @Nonnull
   public T ref(I id) {
@@ -89,8 +88,6 @@ public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
 
   /**
    * Retrieves an entity by ID.
-   * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class, Object)}
    */
   @Nullable
   public T findById(I id) {
@@ -107,8 +104,6 @@ public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
 
   /**
    * Delete a bean by Id.
-   * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#delete(Class, Object)}
    */
   public void deleteById(I id) {
     db().delete(type, id);
@@ -138,7 +133,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
    * }</pre>
    *
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#update(Class)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#update(Class)}
    */
   protected UpdateQuery<T> updateQuery() {
     return db().update(type);
@@ -147,7 +142,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
   /**
    * Creates a query.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#find(Class)}
    */
   protected Query<T> query() {
     return db().find(type);

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanRepository.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
  * public class CustomerRepository extends BeanRepository<Long,Customer> {
  *
  *   @Inject
- *   public CustomerRepository(EbeanServer server) {
+ *   public CustomerRepository(Database server) {
  *     super(Customer.class, server);
  *   }
  *
@@ -34,23 +34,23 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
 
   /**
-   * Create with the given bean type and EbeanServer instance.
+   * Create with the given bean type and Database instance.
    * <p>
    * Typically users would extend BeanRepository rather than BeanFinder.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   @Inject
-   *   public CustomerRepository(EbeanServer server) {
+   *   public CustomerRepository(Database server) {
    *     super(Customer.class, server);
    *   }
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
    * @param type   The bean type
-   * @param server The EbeanServer instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent
+   * @param server The Database instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent
    */
-  protected BeanRepository(Class<T> type, EbeanServer server) {
+  protected BeanRepository(Class<T> type, Database server) {
     super(type, server);
   }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#markAsDirty(Object)
+   * @see Database#markAsDirty(Object)
    */
   public void markAsDirty(T bean) {
     db().markAsDirty(bean);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
    * insert or an update based on that.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#save(Object)
+   * @see Database#save(Object)
    */
   public void save(T bean) {
     db().save(bean);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Update this entity.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#update(Object)
+   * @see Database#update(Object)
    */
   public void update(T bean) {
     db().update(bean);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Insert this entity.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#insert(Object)
+   * @see Database#insert(Object)
    */
   public void insert(T bean) {
     db().insert(bean);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    * deleted. Note that, if JDBC batch mode is used then this always returns true.
    * </p>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#delete(Object)
+   * @see Database#delete(Object)
    */
   public boolean delete(T bean) {
     return db().delete(bean);
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    * want to perform a hard/permanent delete.
    * </p>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#deletePermanent(Object)
+   * @see Database#deletePermanent(Object)
    */
   public boolean deletePermanent(T bean) {
     return db().deletePermanent(bean);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
    * insert or an update based on that.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#merge(Object)
+   * @see Database#merge(Object)
    */
   public void merge(T bean) {
     db().merge(bean);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
    * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
    * insert or an update based on that.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#merge(Object, MergeOptions)
+   * @see Database#merge(Object, MergeOptions)
    */
   public void merge(T bean, MergeOptions options) {
     db().merge(bean, options);
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Refreshes this entity from the database.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#refresh(Object)
+   * @see Database#refresh(Object)
    */
   public void refresh(T bean) {
     db().refresh(bean);

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanState.java

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
-import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-
 /**
  * Provides access to the internal state of an entity bean.
  */
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ public interface BeanState {
    *
    *   // set loaded state on the email property to false so that
    *   // the email property is not included in a stateless update
-   *   Ebean.getBeanState(user).setPropertyLoaded("email", false);
+   *   DB.getBeanState(user).setPropertyLoaded("email", false);
    *
    *   user.update();
    *
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ public interface BeanState {
   /**
    * Advanced - Used to programmatically build a partially or fully loaded
    * entity bean. First create an entity bean via
-   * {@link EbeanServer#createEntityBean(Class)}, then populate its properties
+   * {@link Database#createEntityBean(Class)}, then populate its properties
    * and then call this method specifying which properties where loaded or null
    * for a fully loaded entity bean.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/CallableSql.java

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
  *
  * String sql = "{call sp_order_mod(?,?)}";
  *
- * CallableSql cs = Ebean.createCallableSql(sql);
+ * CallableSql cs = DB.createCallableSql(sql);
  * cs.setParameter(1, "turbo");
  * cs.registerOut(2, Types.INTEGER);
  *
- * Ebean.execute(cs);
+ * DB.execute(cs);
  *
  * // read the out parameter
  * Integer returnValue = (Integer) cs.getObject(2);
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
  *
  * String sql = "{call sp_insert_order(?,?)}";
  *
- * CallableSql cs = Ebean.createCallableSql(sql);
+ * CallableSql cs = DB.createCallableSql(sql);
  *
  * // Inform Ebean this stored procedure inserts into the
  * // oe_order table and inserts + updates the oe_order_detail table.
@@ -46,35 +46,33 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
  * cs.addModification("oe_order", true, false, false);
  * cs.addModification("oe_order_detail", true, true, false);
  *
- * Transaction t = Ebean.startTransaction();
  *
- * // execute using JDBC batching 10 statements at a time
- * t.setBatchMode(true);
- * t.setBatchSize(10);
- * try {
+ * try (Transaction t = DB.beginTransaction()) {
+ *
+ *   // execute using JDBC batching 10 statements at a time
+ *   t.setBatchMode(true);
+ *   t.setBatchSize(10);
+ *
  *   cs.setParameter(1, "Was");
  *   cs.setParameter(2, "Banana");
- *   Ebean.execute(cs);
+ *   DB.execute(cs);
  *
  *   cs.setParameter(1, "Here");
  *   cs.setParameter(2, "Kumera");
- *   Ebean.execute(cs);
+ *   DB.execute(cs);
  *
  *   cs.setParameter(1, "More");
  *   cs.setParameter(2, "Apple");
- *   Ebean.execute(cs);
+ *   DB.execute(cs);
  *
- *   // Ebean.externalModification("oe_order",true,false,false);
- *   // Ebean.externalModification("oe_order_detail",true,true,false);
- *   Ebean.commitTransaction();
+ *   // DB.externalModification("oe_order",true,false,false);
+ *   // DB.externalModification("oe_order_detail",true,true,false);
+ *   t.commit();
  *
- * } finally {
- *   Ebean.endTransaction();
  * }
  * }</pre>
  *
  * @see SqlUpdate
- * @see Ebean#execute(CallableSql)
  */
 public interface CallableSql {
 
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ public interface CallableSql {
    * Add table modification information to the TransactionEvent.
    * <p>
    * This would be similar to using the
-   * <code>Ebean.externalModification()</code> method. It may be easier and make
+   * <code>DB.externalModification()</code> method. It may be easier and make
    * more sense to set it here with the CallableSql.
    * </p>
    * <p>

src/main/java/io/ebean/DatabaseFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import io.ebean.config.ContainerConfig;
+import io.ebean.config.DatabaseConfig;
+
+/**
+ * Creates Database instances.
+ * <p>
+ * This uses either DatabaseConfig or properties in the application.properties file to
+ * configure and create a Database instance.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * The Database instance can either be registered with the DB singleton or
+ * not. The DB singleton effectively holds a map of Database by a name.
+ * If the Database is registered with the DB singleton you can retrieve it
+ * later via {@link DB#byName(String)}.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * One Database can be nominated as the 'default/primary' Database. Many
+ * methods on the DB singleton such as {@link DB#find(Class)} are just a
+ * convenient way of using the 'default/primary' Database.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class DatabaseFactory {
+
+  /**
+   * Initialise the container with clustering configuration.
+   * <p>
+   * Call this prior to creating any Database instances or alternatively set the
+   * ContainerConfig on the ServerConfig when creating the first Database instance.
+   */
+  public static synchronized void initialiseContainer(ContainerConfig containerConfig) {
+    EbeanServerFactory.initialiseContainer(containerConfig);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create using ebean.properties to configure the server.
+   */
+  public static synchronized Database create(String name) {
+    return EbeanServerFactory.create(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create using the ServerConfig object to configure the server.
+   */
+  public static synchronized Database create(DatabaseConfig config) {
+    return EbeanServerFactory.create(config);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create using the ServerConfig additionally specifying a classLoader to use as the context class loader.
+   */
+  public static synchronized Database createWithContextClassLoader(DatabaseConfig config, ClassLoader classLoader) {
+    return EbeanServerFactory.createWithContextClassLoader(config, classLoader);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shutdown gracefully all Database instances cleaning up any resources as required.
+   * <p>
+   * This is typically invoked via JVM shutdown hook and not explicitly called.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public static synchronized void shutdown() {
+    EbeanServerFactory.shutdown();
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/DtoQuery.java

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  *   String sql = "select id, name from customer where name like :name and status_code = :status";
  *
  *   List<CustomerDto> beans =
- *     Ebean.findDto(CustomerDto.class, sql)
+ *     DB.findDto(CustomerDto.class, sql)
  *     .setParameter("name", "Acme%")
  *     .setParameter("status", "ACTIVE")
  *     .findList();

src/main/java/io/ebean/Ebean.java

@@ -24,113 +24,26 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 /**
- * This Ebean object is effectively a singleton that holds a map of registered
- * {@link EbeanServer}s. It additionally provides a convenient way to use the
- * 'default' EbeanServer.
+ * Ebean is a registry of {@link Database} by name. Ebean has now been renamed to {@link DB}.
  * <p>
- * If you are using a Dependency Injection framework such as
- * <strong>Spring</strong> or <strong>Guice</strong> you will probably
- * <strong>NOT</strong> use this Ebean singleton object. Instead you will
- * configure and construct EbeanServer instances using {@link ServerConfig} and
- * {@link EbeanServerFactory} and inject those EbeanServer instances into your
- * data access objects.
- * </p>
+ * Ebean is effectively this is an alias for {@link DB} which is the new and improved name for Ebean.
  * <p>
- * In documentation "Ebean singleton" refers to this object.
- * </p>
- * <ul>
- * <li>There is one EbeanServer per Database (javax.sql.DataSource).</li>
- * <li>EbeanServers can be 'registered' with the Ebean singleton (put into its
- * map). Registered EbeanServer's can later be retrieved via
- * {@link #getServer(String)}.</li>
- * <li>One EbeanServer can be referred to as the 'default' EbeanServer. For
- * convenience, the Ebean singleton (this object) provides methods such as
- * {@link #find(Class)} that proxy through to the 'default' EbeanServer. This
- * can be useful for applications that use a single database.</li>
- * </ul>
- * <p>
- * For developer convenience Ebean has static methods that proxy through to the
- * methods on the <em>'default'</em> EbeanServer. These methods are provided for
- * developers who are mostly using a single database. Many developers will be
- * able to use the methods on Ebean rather than get a EbeanServer.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * EbeanServers can be created and used without ever needing or using the Ebean
- * singleton. Refer to {@link ServerConfig#setRegister(boolean)}.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * You can either programmatically create/register EbeanServers via
- * {@link EbeanServerFactory} or they can automatically be created and
- * registered when you first use the Ebean singleton. When EbeanServers are
- * created automatically they are configured using information in the
- * ebean.properties file.
- * </p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- *   // fetch shipped orders (and also their customer)
- *   List<Order> list = Ebean.find(Order.class)
- * 	  .fetch("customer")
- * 	  .where()
- * 	  .eq("status.code", Order.Status.SHIPPED)
- * 	  .findList();
- *
- *   // read/use the order list ...
- *   for (Order order : list) {
- * 	   Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
- * 	   ...
- *   }
- *
- * }</pre>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- *   // fetch order 10, modify and save
- *   Order order = Ebean.find(Order.class, 10);
- *
- *   OrderStatus shipped = Ebean.getReference(OrderStatus.class,"SHIPPED");
- *   order.setStatus(shipped);
- *   order.setShippedDate(shippedDate);
- *   ...
- *
- *   // implicitly creates a transaction and commits
- *   Ebean.save(order);
- *
- * }</pre>
- * <p>
- * When you have multiple databases and need access to a specific one the
- * {@link #getServer(String)} method provides access to the EbeanServer for that
- * specific database.
- * </p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- *   // Get access to the Human Resources EbeanServer/Database
- *   EbeanServer hrDb = Ebean.getServer("hr");
- *
- *   // fetch contact 3 from the HR database
- *   Contact contact = hrDb.find(Contact.class, 3);
- *
- *   contact.setName("I'm going to change");
- *   ...
- *
- *   // save the contact back to the HR database
- *   hrDb.save(contact);
- *
- * }</pre>
+ * The preference is to use DB and Database rather than Ebean and EbeanServer.
  */
 public final class Ebean {
   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Ebean.class);
 
   static {
-    EbeanVersion.getVersion(); // initalizes the version class and logs the version.
+    EbeanVersion.getVersion(); // initialises the version class and logs the version.
   }
 
   /**
-   * Manages creation and cache of EbeanServers.
+   * Manages creation and cache of Databases.
    */
   private static final Ebean.ServerManager serverMgr = new Ebean.ServerManager();
 
   /**
-   * Helper class for managing fast and safe access and creation of
-   * EbeanServers.
+   * Helper class for managing fast and safe access and creation of Databases.
    */
   private static final class ServerManager {
 
@@ -147,7 +60,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
     private final Object monitor = new Object();
 
     /**
-     * The 'default' EbeanServer.
+     * The 'default' Database.
      */
     private EbeanServer defaultServer;
 
@@ -166,20 +79,20 @@ public final class Ebean {
         throw e;
 
       } catch (DataSourceConfigurationException e) {
-        String msg = "Configuration error creating DataSource for the default EbeanServer." +
+        String msg = "Configuration error creating DataSource for the default Database." +
           " This typically means a missing application-test.yaml or missing ebean-test-config dependency." +
           " See https://ebean.io/docs/trouble-shooting#datasource";
         throw new DataSourceConfigurationException(msg, e);
 
       } catch (Throwable e) {
-        logger.error("Error trying to create the default EbeanServer", e);
+        logger.error("Error trying to create the default Database", e);
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
       }
     }
 
     private EbeanServer getDefaultServer() {
       if (defaultServer == null) {
-        String msg = "The default EbeanServer has not been defined?";
+        String msg = "The default Database has not been defined?";
         msg += " This is normally set via the ebean.datasource.default property.";
         msg += " Otherwise it should be registered programmatically via registerServer()";
         throw new PersistenceException(msg);
@@ -201,7 +114,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Synchronized read, create and put of EbeanServers.
+     * Synchronized read, create and put of Databases.
      */
     private EbeanServer getWithCreate(String name) {
 
@@ -240,7 +153,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Get the EbeanServer for a given DataSource. If name is null this will
+   * Get the Database for a given DataSource. If name is null this will
    * return the 'default' EbeanServer.
    * <p>
    * This is provided to access EbeanServer for databases other than the
@@ -631,7 +544,8 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *   Customer customer = new Customer();
    *   customer.setId(7);
    *   customer.setName("ModifiedNameNoOCC");
-   *   ebeanServer.update(customer);
+   *
+   *   DB.update(customer);
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
@@ -1131,10 +1045,9 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *
    *   String sql = "select c.id, c.name from customer c where c.name like ? order by c.name";
    *
-   *   Query<Customer> query = ebeanServer.findNative(Customer.class, sql);
-   *   query.setParameter(1, "Rob%");
-   *
-   *   List<Customer> customers = query.findList();
+   *   List<Customer> customers = DB.findNative(Customer.class, sql)
+   *     .setParameter(1, "Rob%")
+   *     .findList()
    *
    * }</pre>
    *

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExampleExpression.java

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ package io.ebean;
  * example.setName("Rob%");
  * example.setNotes("%something%");
  *
- * List<Customer> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+ * List<Customer> list =
+ *     DB.find(Customer.class)
  *         .where()
  *         // pass the bean into the where() clause
  *         .exampleLike(example)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  *     .includeZeros();
  *
  * List<Customer> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+ *     DB.find(Customer.class)
  *         .where()
  *         .add(qbe)
  *         .findList();

src/main/java/io/ebean/Expr.java

@@ -13,27 +13,15 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * {@link Query#where()}.
  * </p>
  * <p>
- * This provides a convenient way to create expressions for the 'Default'
- * server. It is actually a short cut for using the ExpressionFactory of the
- * 'default' EbeanServer.
+ * This provides a convenient way to create expressions for the default
+ * database.
  * <p>
- * See also {@link Ebean#getExpressionFactory()}
+ * See also {@link DB#getExpressionFactory()}
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * Creates standard common expressions for using in a Query Where or Having
  * clause.
  * </p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- * // Example: Using an Expr.or() method
- * Query<Order> query = Ebean.createQuery(Order.class);
- * query.where(
- *     Expr.or(Expr.eq("status", Order.NEW),
- *             Expr.gt("orderDate", lastWeek));
- *
- * List<Order> list = query.findList();
- * ...
- * }</pre>
  *
  * @see Query#where()
  */
@@ -71,7 +59,6 @@ public class Expr {
    * </p>
    */
   public static Expression inRange(String propertyName, Object value1, Object value2) {
-
     return Ebean.getExpressionFactory().inRange(propertyName, value1, value2);
   }
 
@@ -79,7 +66,6 @@ public class Expr {
    * Between - property between the two given values.
    */
   public static Expression between(String propertyName, Object value1, Object value2) {
-
     return Ebean.getExpressionFactory().between(propertyName, value1, value2);
   }
 
@@ -87,7 +73,6 @@ public class Expr {
    * Between - value between two given properties.
    */
   public static Expression between(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value) {
-
     return Ebean.getExpressionFactory().betweenProperties(lowProperty, highProperty, value);
   }
 
@@ -253,6 +238,43 @@ public class Expr {
     return Ebean.getExpressionFactory().in(propertyName, values);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * In where null or empty values means that no predicate is added to the query.
+   * <p>
+   * That is, only add the IN predicate if the values are not null or empty.
+   * <p>
+   * Without this we typically need to code an <code>if</code> block to only add
+   * the IN predicate if the collection is not empty like:
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <h3>Without inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where() // add some predicates
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW);
+   *
+   *   if (ids != null && !ids.isEmpty()) {
+   *     query.where().in("customer.id", ids);
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   query.findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <h3>Using inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where()
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW)
+   *     .inOrEmpty("customer.id", ids)
+   *     .findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  public static Expression inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values) {
+    return Ebean.getExpressionFactory().inOrEmpty(propertyName, values);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Id Equal to - ID property is equal to the value.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExpressionFactory.java

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ import java.util.Map;
  *     Expr.or(Expr.eq("status", Order.Status.NEW),
  *             Expr.gt("orderDate", lastWeek));
  *
- * Query<Order> query = Ebean.createQuery(Order.class);
- * query.where().add(newOrLastWeek);
- * List<Order> list = query.findList();
+ * List<Order> list = DB.find(Order.class)
+ *   .where().add(newOrLastWeek)
+ *   .findList();
  * ...
  * }</pre>
  *
@@ -122,6 +122,11 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression eq(String propertyName, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Equal To or Null - property equal to the given value or null.
+   */
+  Expression eqOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Not Equal To - property not equal to the given value.
    */
@@ -157,6 +162,25 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression inRange(String propertyName, Object value1, Object value2);
 
+  /**
+   * Value in Range between 2 properties.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *    .startDate.inRangeWith(endDate, now)
+   *
+   *    // which equates to
+   *    startDate <= now and (endDate > now or endDate is null)
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * This is a convenience expression combining a number of simple expressions.
+   * The most common use of this could be called "effective dating" where 2 date or
+   * timestamp columns represent the date range in which
+   */
+  Expression inRangeWith(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Between - property between the two given values.
    */
@@ -167,6 +191,14 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression betweenProperties(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Greater Than Or Null - property greater than the given value or null.
+   * <p>
+   * A convenient expression combining GT and Is Null.  Most often useful for range
+   * expressions where the top range value is nullable.
+   */
+  Expression gtOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Greater Than - property greater than the given value.
    */
@@ -178,6 +210,14 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression ge(String propertyName, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Less Than or Null - property less than the given value or null.
+   * <p>
+   * A convenient expression combining LT and Is Null.  Most often useful for range
+   * expressions where the bottom range value is nullable.
+   */
+  Expression ltOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Less Than - property less than the given value.
    */
@@ -285,6 +325,41 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression in(String propertyName, Collection<?> values);
 
+  /**
+   * In where null or empty values means that no predicate is added to the query.
+   * <p>
+   * That is, only add the IN predicate if the values are not null or empty.
+   * <p>
+   * Without this we typically need to code an <code>if</code> block to only add
+   * the IN predicate if the collection is not empty like:
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <h3>Without inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where() // add some predicates
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW);
+   *
+   *   if (ids != null && !ids.isEmpty()) {
+   *     query.where().in("customer.id", ids);
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   query.findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <h3>Using inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where()
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW)
+   *     .inOrEmpty("customer.id", ids)
+   *     .findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  Expression inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values);
+
   /**
    * Not In - property has a value in the array of values.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExpressionList.java

@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .orderBy().asc("name")
    *      .findSingleAttributeList();
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .setDistinct(true)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .where().eq("status", Customer.Status.NEW)
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  String name =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .where().eq("id", 42)
    *      .findSingleAttribute();
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .setFirstRow(50)
    *       .setMaxRows(20)
    *       .findPagedList();
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   List<Customer> customers =
-   *       Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *       DB.find(Customer.class)
    *          .setDistinct(true)
    *          .select("name")     // only select the customer name
    *          .findList();
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    *  List<CountedValue<Order.Status>> orderStatusCount =
    *
-   *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *     DB.find(Order.class)
    *      .select("status")
    *      .where()
    *      .gt("orderDate", LocalDate.now().minusMonths(3))
@@ -758,20 +758,6 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
 
   /**
    * Add an Expression to the list.
-   * <p>
-   * This returns the list so that add() can be chained.
-   * </p>
-   * <pre>{@code
-   *
-   * Query<Customer> query = Ebean.find(Customer.class);
-   * query.where()
-   *     .like("name","Rob%")
-   *     .eq("status", Customer.ACTIVE);
-   *
-   * List<Customer> list = query.findList();
-   * ...
-   *
-   * }</pre>
    */
   ExpressionList<T> add(Expression expr);
 
@@ -785,6 +771,11 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> eq(String propertyName, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Equal To or Null - property is equal to a given value or null.
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> eqOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Not Equal To - property not equal to the given value.
    */
@@ -802,6 +793,25 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> ine(String propertyName, String value);
 
+  /**
+   * Value in Range between 2 properties.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *    .startDate.inRangeWith(endDate, now)
+   *
+   *    // which equates to
+   *    startDate <= now and (endDate > now or endDate is null)
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * This is a convenience expression combining a number of simple expressions.
+   * The most common use of this could be called "effective dating" where 2 date or
+   * timestamp columns represent the date range in which
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> inRangeWith(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value);
+
   /**
    * In Range - property >= value1 and property < value2.
    * <p>
@@ -825,6 +835,11 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> gt(String propertyName, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Greater Than or Null - property greater than the given value or null.
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> gtOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Greater Than or Equal to - property greater than or equal to the given
    * value.
@@ -836,6 +851,11 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> lt(String propertyName, Object value);
 
+  /**
+   * Less Than or Null - property less than the given value or null.
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> ltOrNull(String propertyName, Object value);
+
   /**
    * Less Than or Equal to - property less than or equal to the given value.
    */
@@ -873,11 +893,10 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * example.setName("Rob%");
    * example.setNotes("%something%");
    *
-   * List<Customer> list = Ebean.find(Customer.class).where()
-   *     // pass the bean into the where() clause
-   *     .exampleLike(example)
-   *     // you can add other expressions to the same query
-   *     .gt("id", 2).findList();
+   * List<Customer> list =
+   *   DB.find(Customer.class)
+   *     .where().exampleLike(example)
+   *     .findList();
    *
    * }</pre>
    * <p>
@@ -892,7 +911,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * // create a ExampleExpression with more control
    * ExampleExpression qbe = new ExampleExpression(example, true, LikeType.EQUAL_TO).includeZeros();
    *
-   * List<Customer> list = Ebean.find(Customer.class).where().add(qbe).findList();
+   * List<Customer> list = DB.find(Customer.class).where().add(qbe).findList();
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
@@ -969,6 +988,41 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> in(String propertyName, Collection<?> values);
 
+  /**
+   * In where null or empty values means that no predicate is added to the query.
+   * <p>
+   * That is, only add the IN predicate if the values are not null or empty.
+   * <p>
+   * Without this we typically need to code an <code>if</code> block to only add
+   * the IN predicate if the collection is not empty like:
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <h3>Without inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where() // add some predicates
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW);
+   *
+   *   if (ids != null && !ids.isEmpty()) {
+   *     query.where().in("customer.id", ids);
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   query.findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <h3>Using inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where()
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW)
+   *     .inOrEmpty("customer.id", ids)
+   *     .findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values);
+
   /**
    * In - using a subQuery.
    * <p>
@@ -1213,6 +1267,68 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> raw(String raw);
 
+  /**
+   * Only add the raw expression if the values is not null or empty.
+   * <p>
+   * This is a pure convenience expression to make it nicer to deal with the pattern where we use
+   * raw() expression with a subquery and only want to add the subquery predicate when the collection
+   * of values is not empty.
+   * </p>
+   * <h3>Without inOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where() // add some predicates
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW);
+   *
+   *   // common pattern - we can use rawOrEmpty() instead
+   *   if (orderIds != null && !orderIds.isEmpty()) {
+   *     query.where().raw("t0.customer_id in (select o.customer_id from orders o where o.id in (?1))", orderIds);
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   query.findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <h3>Using rawOrEmpty()</h3>
+   * Note that in the example below we use the <code>?1</code> bind parameter to get  "parameter expansion"
+   * for each element in the collection.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where()
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW)
+   *     // only add the expression if orderIds is not empty
+   *     .rawOrEmpty("t0.customer_id in (select o.customer_id from orders o where o.id in (?1))", orderIds);
+   *     .findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <h3>Postgres ANY</h3>
+   * With Postgres we would often use the SQL <code>ANY</code> expression and array parameter binding
+   * rather than <code>IN</code>.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   query.where()
+   *     .eq("status", Status.NEW)
+   *     .rawOrEmpty("t0.customer_id in (select o.customer_id from orders o where o.id = any(?))", orderIds);
+   *     .findList();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   * <p>
+   *   Note that we need to cast the Postgres array for UUID types like:
+   * </p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   " ... = any(?::uuid[])"
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param raw The raw expression that is typically a subquery
+   * @param values The values which is typically a list or set of id values.
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> rawOrEmpty(String raw, Collection<?> values);
+
   /**
    * Add a match expression.
    *

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExtendedServer.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
- * The extended API for EbeanServer.
+ * The extended API for Database.
  * <p>
  * This provides the finder methods that take an explicit transaction rather than obtaining
  * the transaction from the usual mechanism (which is ThreadLocal based).
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  * the transaction to use.
  * </p>
  * <p>
- * Note that in all cases the transaction supplied can be null and in this case the EbeanServer
+ * Note that in all cases the transaction supplied can be null and in this case the Database
  * will use the normal mechanism to obtain the transaction to use.
  * </p>
  */
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   *     DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .where().eq("status", Order.Status.NEW)
    *       .order().asc("id")
    *       .findEach((Order order) -> {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   *     DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .where().eq("status", Order.Status.NEW)
    *       .order().asc("id")
    *       .findEachWhile((Order order) -> {
@@ -194,8 +194,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().ilike("name", "rob%")
    *     .findList();
    *
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .setFirstRow(50)
    *       .setMaxRows(20)
    *       .findPagedList();
@@ -301,8 +300,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * Set<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * Set<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().ilike("name", "rob%")
    *     .findSet();
    *
@@ -341,7 +339,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .orderBy().asc("name")
    *      .findSingleAttributeList();
@@ -351,7 +349,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .setDistinct(true)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .where().eq("status", Customer.Status.NEW)
@@ -413,7 +411,7 @@ public interface ExtendedServer {
   /**
    * Execute the update query returning the number of rows updated.
    * <p>
-   * The update query must be created using {@link EbeanServer#update(Class)}.
+   * The update query must be created using {@link Database#update(Class)}.
    * </p>
    *
    * @param query       the update query to execute

src/main/java/io/ebean/FetchConfig.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  * // Normal fetch join results in a single SQL query
- * List<Order> list = Ebean.find(Order.class).fetch("details").findList();
+ * List<Order> list = DB.find(Order.class).fetch("details").findList();
  *
  * // Find Orders join details using a single SQL query
  * }</pre>
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  *
  * // This will use 2 SQL queries to build this object graph
  * List<Order> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ *     DB.find(Order.class)
  *         .fetch("details", new FetchConfig().query())
  *         .findList();
  *
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  *
  * // This will use 3 SQL queries to build this object graph
  * List<Order> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ *     DB.find(Order.class)
  *         .fetch("details", new FetchConfig().query())
  *         .fetch("customer", new FetchConfig().queryFirst(5))
  *         .findList();
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  * <pre>{@code
  * // This will use 3 SQL queries to build this object graph
  * List<Order> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ *     DB.find(Order.class)
  *         .select("status, shipDate")
  *         .fetch("details", "quantity, price", new FetchConfig().query())
  *         .fetch("details.product", "sku, name")
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  * <pre>{@code
  *
  * List<Order> list =
- *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ *     DB.find(Order.class)
  *         .fetch("customer", new FetchConfig().query(10).lazy(5))
  *         .findList();
  *
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * List<Order> list = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ * List<Order> list = DB.find(Order.class)
  *   .fetch("customer","name", new FetchConfig().lazy(5))
  *   .fetch("customer.contacts","contactName, phone, email")
  *   .fetch("customer.shippingAddress")

src/main/java/io/ebean/Filter.java

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ import java.util.Set;
  * // get a list of entities (query execution statistics in this case)
  *
  * List<MetaQueryStatistic> list =
- *     Ebean.find(MetaQueryStatistic.class).findList();
+ *     DB.find(MetaQueryStatistic.class).findList();
  *
  * long nowMinus24Hrs = System.currentTimeMillis() - 24 * (1000 * 60 * 60);
  *
  * // sort and filter the list returning a filtered list...
  *
  * List<MetaQueryStatistic> filteredList =
- *     Ebean.filter(MetaQueryStatistic.class)
+ *     DB.filter(MetaQueryStatistic.class)
  *         .sort("avgTimeMicros desc")
  *         .gt("executionCount", 0)
  *         .gt("lastQueryTime", nowMinus24Hrs)
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ import java.util.Set;
  * // get a list of entities (query execution statistics)
  *
  * List<Order> orders =
- *     Ebean.find(Order.class).findList();
+ *     DB.find(Order.class).findList();
  *
  * // Apply a filter...
  *
  * List<Order> filteredOrders =
- *     Ebean.filter(Order.class)
+ *     DB.filter(Order.class)
  *         .startsWith("customer.name", "Rob")
  *         .eq("customer.shippingAddress.city", "Auckland")
  *         .filter(orders);

src/main/java/io/ebean/Finder.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package io.ebean;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -14,8 +13,7 @@ import java.util.List;
  * </p>
  * <h3>Testing</h3>
  * <p>
- * For testing the mocki-ebean project has the ability to replace the finder implementation
- * <p>
+ * For testing the mocki-ebean project has the ability to replace the finder implementation.
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ import java.util.List;
  *     super(Customer.class);
  *   }
  *
- *   // Add your customer finder methods ...
+ *   // Add finder methods ...
  *
  *   public Customer byName(String name) {
  *     return query().eq("name", name).findOne();
@@ -46,6 +44,15 @@ import java.util.List;
  *   ...
  *
  * }</pre>
+ * <p>
+ *  When the Finder is registered as a field on Customer it can then be used like:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *   Customer rob = Customer.find.byName("Rob");
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ *
  */
 public class Finder<I, T> {
 
@@ -55,9 +62,9 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   private final Class<T> type;
 
   /**
-   * The name of the EbeanServer, null for the default server.
+   * The name of the database this finder will use, null for the default database.
    */
-  private final String serverName;
+  private final String _$dbName;
 
   /**
    * Create with the type of the entity bean.
@@ -82,15 +89,15 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
    */
   public Finder(Class<T> type) {
     this.type = type;
-    this.serverName = null;
+    this._$dbName = null;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create with the type of the entity bean and specific server name.
+   * Create with the type of the entity bean and specific database name.
    */
-  public Finder(Class<T> type, String serverName) {
+  public Finder(Class<T> type, String databaseName) {
     this.type = type;
-    this.serverName = serverName;
+    this._$dbName = databaseName;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -108,30 +115,27 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return the underlying 'default' EbeanServer.
-   * <p>
-   * This provides full access to the API such as explicit transaction demarcation etc.
+   * Return the Database this finder will use.
    */
-  public EbeanServer db() {
-    return Ebean.getServer(serverName);
+  public Database db() {
+    return DB.byName(_$dbName);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return typically a different EbeanServer to the default.
+   * Return typically a different Database to the default.
    * <p>
-   * This is equivalent to {@link Ebean#getServer(String)}
+   * This is equivalent to {@link DB#byName(String)}
    *
-   * @param server The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is
-   *               returned.
+   * @param databaseName The name of the Database. If this is null then the default database is returned.
    */
-  public EbeanServer db(String server) {
-    return Ebean.getServer(server);
+  public Database db(String databaseName) {
+    return DB.byName(databaseName);
   }
 
   /**
    * Creates an entity reference for this ID.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#getReference(Class, Object)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#getReference(Class, Object)}
    */
   @Nonnull
   public T ref(I id) {
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Retrieves an entity by ID.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class, Object)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#find(Class, Object)}
    */
   @Nullable
   public T byId(I id) {
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Delete a bean by Id.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#delete(Class, Object)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#delete(Class, Object)}
    */
   public void deleteById(I id) {
     db().delete(type, id);
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
    * }</pre>
    *
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#update(Class)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#update(Class)}
    */
   public UpdateQuery<T> update() {
     return db().update(type);
@@ -190,7 +194,7 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Creates a query.
    * <p>
-   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class)}
+   * Equivalent to {@link Database#find(Class)}
    */
   public Query<T> query() {
     return db().find(type);

src/main/java/io/ebean/FutureList.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  * <pre>{@code
  *
  *  // create a query to find all orders
- * Query<Order> query = Ebean.find(Order.class);
+ * Query<Order> query = DB.find(Order.class);
  *
  *  // execute the query in a background thread
  *  // immediately returning the futureList

src/main/java/io/ebean/Junction.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  * Query q =
- *     Ebean.find(Person.class)
+ *     DB.find(Person.class)
  *       .where()
  *         .or()
  *           .like("name", "Rob%")
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <pre>{@code
  *
  * Query q =
- *     Ebean.find(Person.class)
+ *     DB.find(Person.class)
  *       .where()
  *         .or()
  *           .like("name", "Rob%")
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  * Query<Customer> q =
- *  Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+ *  DB.find(Customer.class)
  *      .where()
  *        .or()
  *          .and()

src/main/java/io/ebean/Model.java

@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
  * Ebean users.
  * <p>
  * Note that there is a ebean-mocker project that enables you to use Mockito or similar
- * tools to still mock out the underlying 'default EbeanServer' for testing purposes.
+ * tools to still mock out the underlying 'default Database' for testing purposes.
  * <p>
  * You may choose not use this Model mapped superclass if you don't like the 'Active Record' style
  * or if you believe it 'pollutes' your entity beans.
  * <p>
- * You can use Dependency Injection like Guice or Spring to construct and wire a EbeanServer instance
+ * You can use Dependency Injection like Guice or Spring to construct and wire a Database instance
  * and have that same instance used with this Model and Finder. The way that works is that when the
- * DI container creates the EbeanServer instance it can be registered with the Ebean singleton. In this
- * way the EbeanServer instance can be injected as per normal Guice / Spring dependency injection and
+ * DI container creates the Database instance it can be registered with DB. In this
+ * way the Database instance can be injected as per normal Guice / Spring dependency injection and
  * that same instance also used to support the Model and Finder active record style.
  * <p>
  * If you choose to use the Model mapped superclass you will probably also chose to additionally add
@@ -76,15 +76,14 @@ import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 public abstract class Model {
 
   /**
-   * Return the underlying 'default' EbeanServer.
+   * Return the underlying 'default' Database.
    * <p>
    * This provides full access to the API such as explicit transaction demarcation etc.
    * <p>
    * Example:
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * Transaction transaction = Customer.db().beginTransaction();
-   * try {
+   * try (Transaction transaction = Customer.db().beginTransaction()) {
    *
    *   // turn off cascade persist for this transaction
    *   transaction.setPersistCascade(false);
@@ -104,26 +103,21 @@ public abstract class Model {
    *
    *   transaction.commit();
    *
-   * } finally {
-   *   transaction.end();
    * }
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  public static EbeanServer db() {
-    return Ebean.getDefaultServer();
+  public static Database db() {
+    return DB.getDefault();
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return a named EbeanServer that is typically different to the default server.
-   * <p>
-   * If you are using multiple databases then each database has a name and maps to a single
-   * EbeanServer. You can use this method to get an EbeanServer for another database.
+   * Return a named Database that is typically different to the default database.
    *
-   * @param server The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is returned.
+   * @param server The name of the Database. If this is null then the default Database is returned.
    */
-  public static EbeanServer db(String server) {
-    return Ebean.getServer(server);
+  public static Database db(String server) {
+    return DB.byName(server);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -146,7 +140,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#markAsDirty(Object)
+   * @see Database#markAsDirty(Object)
    */
   public void markAsDirty() {
     db().markAsDirty(this);
@@ -182,7 +176,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
    * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
    * insert or an update based on that.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#save(Object)
+   * @see Database#save(Object)
    */
   public void save() {
     db().save(this);
@@ -202,7 +196,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
   /**
    * Update this entity.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#update(Object)
+   * @see Database#update(Object)
    */
   public void update() {
     db().update(this);
@@ -211,7 +205,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
   /**
    * Insert this entity.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#insert(Object)
+   * @see Database#insert(Object)
    */
   public void insert() {
     db().insert(this);
@@ -232,7 +226,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
    * deleted. Note that, if JDBC batch mode is used then this always returns true.
    * </p>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#delete(Object)
+   * @see Database#delete(Object)
    */
   public boolean delete() {
     return db().delete(this);
@@ -245,7 +239,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
    * want to perform a hard/permanent delete.
    * </p>
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#deletePermanent(Object)
+   * @see Database#deletePermanent(Object)
    */
   public boolean deletePermanent() {
     return db().deletePermanent(this);
@@ -275,7 +269,7 @@ public abstract class Model {
   /**
    * Refreshes this entity from the database.
    *
-   * @see EbeanServer#refresh(Object)
+   * @see Database#refresh(Object)
    */
   public void refresh() {
     db().refresh(this);

src/main/java/io/ebean/PagedList.java

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Future;
  *     // We want to find the first 50 new orders
  *     //  ... so we don't really need setFirstRow(0)
  *
- *     PagedList<Order> pagedList
- *       = ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+ *     PagedList<Order> pagedList = DB.find(Order.class)
  *       .where().eq("status", Order.Status.NEW)
  *       .order().asc("id")
  *       .setFirstRow(0)

src/main/java/io/ebean/Pairs.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import java.util.List;
  *   pairs.add("sj2", 1001);
  *   pairs.add("pf3", 1000);
  *
- *   List<OCachedNatKeyBean3> list = Ebean.find(OCachedNatKeyBean3.class)
+ *   List<OCachedNatKeyBean3> list = DB.find(OCachedNatKeyBean3.class)
  *   .where()
  *   .eq("store", "def")
  *   .inPairs(pairs)       // IN clause with 'pairs' of values

src/main/java/io/ebean/Query.java

@@ -19,10 +19,7 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * List<Order> orderList =
- *   ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
- *     .fetch("customer")
- *     .fetch("details")
+ * List<Order> orderList = DB.find(Order.class)
  *     .where()
  *       .like("customer.name","rob%")
  *       .gt("orderDate",lastWeek)
@@ -38,29 +35,14 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
  * <pre>{@code
  *
  * String oql =
- *   	+" fetch customer "
- *   	+" fetch details "
  *   	+" where customer.name like :custName and orderDate > :minOrderDate "
  *   	+" order by customer.id, id desc "
  *   	+" limit 50 ";
  *
- * Query<Order> query = ebeanServer.createQuery(Order.class, oql);
- * query.setParameter("custName", "Rob%");
- * query.setParameter("minOrderDate", lastWeek);
- *
- * List<Order> orderList = query.findList();
- * ...
- * }</pre>
- * <p>
- * Example: Using a named query called "with.cust.and.details"
- * </p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- * Query<Order> query = ebeanServer.createNamedQuery(Order.class,"with.cust.and.details");
- * query.setParameter("custName", "Rob%");
- * query.setParameter("minOrderDate", lastWeek);
- *
- * List<Order> orderList = query.findList();
+ * List<Order> orderList = DB.createQuery(Order.class, oql)
+ *   .setParameter("custName", "Rob%")
+ *   .setParameter("minOrderDate", lastWeek)
+ *   .findList();
  * ...
  * }</pre>
  * <h3>AutoTune</h3>
@@ -377,7 +359,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   // fetch a bean with JSON content
-   *   EBasicJsonList bean= Ebean.find(EBasicJsonList.class)
+   *   EBasicJsonList bean= DB.find(EBasicJsonList.class)
    *       .setId(42)
    *       .setAllowLoadErrors()  // collect errors into bean state if we have invalid JSON
    *       .findOne();
@@ -436,8 +418,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     // Only fetch the customer id, name and status.
    *     // This is described as a "Partial Object"
    *     .select("name, status")
@@ -465,8 +446,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // query orders...
-   * List<Order> orders =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   * List<Order> orders = DB.find(Order.class)
    *       // fetch the customer...
    *       // ... getting the customers name and phone number
    *       .fetch("customer", "name, phoneNumber")
@@ -481,8 +461,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // fetch customers (their id, name and status)
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .select("name, status")
    *     .fetch("contacts", "firstName,lastName,email")
    *     .findList();
@@ -551,8 +530,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // fetch customers (their id, name and status)
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .select("name, status")
    *     .fetch("contacts", "firstName,lastName,email", new FetchConfig().lazy(10))
    *     .findList();
@@ -573,8 +551,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // fetch customers (their id, name and status)
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     // eager fetch the contacts
    *     .fetch("contacts")
    *     .findList();
@@ -637,8 +614,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // fetch customers (their id, name and status)
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     // lazy fetch contacts with a batch size of 100
    *     .fetch("contacts", new FetchConfig().lazy(100))
    *     .findList();
@@ -658,7 +634,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   /**
    * Execute the query returning the list of Id's.
    * <p>
-   * This query will execute against the EbeanServer that was used to create it.
+   * This query will execute against the Database that was used to create it.
    * </p>
    */
   @Nonnull
@@ -680,12 +656,11 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * the jdbc statement and resultSet are closed at the end of the iteration.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * This query will execute against the EbeanServer that was used to create it.
+   * This query will execute against the Database that was used to create it.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  Query<Customer> query =
-   *    ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   *  Query<Customer> query = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().eq("status", Status.NEW)
    *     .order().asc("id");
    *
@@ -732,7 +707,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   *  DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().eq("status", Status.NEW)
    *     .order().asc("id")
    *     .findEach((Customer customer) -> {
@@ -761,7 +736,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   *  DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .fetch("contacts", new FetchConfig().query(2))
    *     .where().eq("status", Status.NEW)
    *     .order().asc("id")
@@ -784,12 +759,11 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   /**
    * Execute the query returning the list of objects.
    * <p>
-   * This query will execute against the EbeanServer that was used to create it.
+   * This query will execute against the Database that was used to create it.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * List<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().ilike("name", "rob%")
    *     .findList();
    *
@@ -801,12 +775,11 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   /**
    * Execute the query returning the set of objects.
    * <p>
-   * This query will execute against the EbeanServer that was used to create it.
+   * This query will execute against the Database that was used to create it.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * Set<Customer> customers =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
+   * Set<Customer> customers = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .where().ilike("name", "rob%")
    *     .findSet();
    *
@@ -818,7 +791,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   /**
    * Execute the query returning a map of the objects.
    * <p>
-   * This query will execute against the EbeanServer that was used to create it.
+   * This query will execute against the Database that was used to create it.
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * You can use setMapKey() so specify the property values to be used as keys
@@ -826,8 +799,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * Map<String, Product> map =
-   *   ebeanServer.find(Product.class)
+   * Map<String, Product> map = DB.find(Product.class)
    *     .setMapKey("sku")
    *     .findMap();
    *
@@ -843,7 +815,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .orderBy().asc("name")
    *      .findSingleAttributeList();
@@ -854,7 +826,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  List<String> names =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .setDistinct(true)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .where().eq("status", Customer.Status.NEW)
@@ -875,7 +847,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *  String name =
-   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *    DB.find(Customer.class)
    *      .select("name")
    *      .where().eq("id", 42)
    *      .findSingleAttribute();
@@ -934,8 +906,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // assuming the sku of products is unique...
-   * Product product =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Product.class)
+   * Product product = DB.find(Product.class)
    *         .where().eq("sku", "aa113")
    *         .findOne();
    * ...
@@ -947,8 +918,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // Fetch order 1 and additionally fetch join its order details...
-   * Order order =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   * Order order = DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .setId(1)
    *       .fetch("details")
    *       .findOne();
@@ -1089,7 +1059,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *  PagedList<Order> pagedList = DB.find(Order.class)
    *       .setFirstRow(50)
    *       .setMaxRows(20)
    *       .findPagedList();
@@ -1114,11 +1084,9 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * // a query with a named parameter
    * String oql = "find order where status = :orderStatus";
    *
-   * Query<Order> query = ebeanServer.find(Order.class, oql);
-   *
-   * // bind the named parameter
-   * query.bind("orderStatus", OrderStatus.NEW);
-   * List<Order> list = query.findList();
+   * List<Order> list = DB.find(Order.class, oql)
+   *   .setParameter("orderStatus", OrderStatus.NEW)
+   *   .findList();
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
@@ -1136,12 +1104,9 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * // a query with a positioned parameter
    * String oql = "where status = ? order by id desc";
    *
-   * Query<Order> query = ebeanServer.createQuery(Order.class, oql);
-   *
-   * // bind the parameter
-   * query.setParameter(1, OrderStatus.NEW);
-   *
-   * List<Order> list = query.findList();
+   * List<Order> list = DB.createQuery(Order.class, oql)
+   *   .setParameter(1, OrderStatus.NEW)
+   *   .findList();
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
@@ -1158,8 +1123,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * Order order =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   * Order order = DB.find(Order.class)
    *     .setId(1)
    *     .fetch("details")
    *     .findOne();
@@ -1180,8 +1144,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * Add a single Expression to the where clause returning the query.
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Order> newOrders =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   * List<Order> newOrders = DB.find(Order.class)
    * 		.where().eq("status", Order.NEW)
    * 		.findList();
    * ...
@@ -1196,8 +1159,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * where clause.
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Order> orders =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
+   * List<Order> orders = DB.find(Order.class)
    *     .where()
    *       .eq("status", Order.NEW)
    *       .ilike("customer.name","rob%")
@@ -1243,10 +1205,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   * List<Customer> list =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Customer.class)
-   *     // .fetch("orders", new FetchConfig().lazy())
-   *     // .fetch("orders", new FetchConfig().query())
+   * List<Customer> list = DB.find(Customer.class)
    *     .fetch("orders")
    *     .where().ilike("name", "rob%")
    *     .filterMany("orders").eq("status", Order.Status.NEW).gt("orderDate", lastWeek)
@@ -1260,8 +1219,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    *
    * @param propertyName the name of the many property that you want to have a filter on.
-   * @return the expression list that you add filter expressions for the many
-   * to.
+   * @return the expression list that you add filter expressions for the many to.
    */
   ExpressionList<T> filterMany(String propertyName);
 
@@ -1375,7 +1333,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   List<Customer> customers =
-   *       Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *       DB.find(Customer.class)
    *          .setDistinct(true)
    *          .select("name")
    *          .findList();
@@ -1391,7 +1349,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    *  List<CountedValue<Order.Status>> orderStatusCount =
    *
-   *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *     DB.find(Order.class)
    *      .select("status")
    *      .where()
    *      .gt("orderDate", LocalDate.now().minusMonths(3))
@@ -1447,10 +1405,8 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * // Assuming sku is unique for products...
    *
-   * Map<String,Product> productMap =
-   *     ebeanServer.find(Product.class)
-   *     // use sku for keys...
-   *     .setMapKey("sku")
+   * Map<String,Product> productMap = DB.find(Product.class)
+   *     .setMapKey("sku")  // sku map keys...
    *     .findMap();
    *
    * }</pre>

src/main/java/io/ebean/RawSql.java

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  *     // .columnMapping("sum(d.order_qty*d.unit_price)", "totalAmount")
  *     .create();
  *
- *   List<OrderAggregate> list = Ebean.find(OrderAggregate.class)
+ *   List<OrderAggregate> list = DB.find(OrderAggregate.class)
  *       .setRawSql(rawSql)
  *       .where().gt("order.id", 0)
  *       .having().gt("totalAmount", 20)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  *     .columnMappingIgnore("'ignoreMe'")
  *     .create();
  *
- *   List<OrderAggregate> orders = Ebean.find(OrderAggregate.class)
+ *   List<OrderAggregate> orders = DB.find(OrderAggregate.class)
  *     .setRawSql(rawSql)
  *     .fetch("order", "status,orderDate", new FetchConfig().query())
  *     .fetch("order.customer", "name")
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  *       .tableAliasMapping("p", "details.product")
  *       .create();
  *
- *  List<Order> ordersFromRaw = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+ *  List<Order> ordersFromRaw = DB.find(Order.class)
  *       .setRawSql(rawSql)
  *       .setParameter("maxOrderId", 2)
  *       .setParameter("productId", 1)

src/main/java/io/ebean/RowConsumer.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
  *
  *  String sql = "select id, name, status from o_customer order by name desc";
  *
- *  Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+ *  DB.sqlQuery(sql)
  *    .findEachRow((resultSet, rowNum) -> {
  *
  *      // read directly from ResultSet

src/main/java/io/ebean/RowMapper.java

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
  *
  *   String sql = "select id, name, status from o_customer where name = ?";
  *
- *  CustomerDto rob = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+ *  CustomerDto rob = DB.sqlQuery(sql)
  *    .setParameter(1, "Rob")
  *    .findOne(CUSTOMER_MAPPER);
  *

src/main/java/io/ebean/ScriptRunner.java

@@ -13,20 +13,8 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * <h3>Example of simple use</h3>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *   EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
- *   server.script().run("/scripts/test-script.sql");
- *
- * }</pre>
- *
- *
- * <h3>Example using place holders in the script</h3>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- *   Map<String,String> placeholders = new HashMap<>();
- *   placeholders.put("tableName", "e_basic");
- *
- *   EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
- *   server.script().run("/scripts/test-script.sql");
+ *   Database database = DB.getDefault();
+ *   database.script().run("/scripts/test-script.sql");
  *
  * }</pre>
  */
@@ -45,8 +33,8 @@ public interface ScriptRunner {
    *   Map<String,String> placeholders = new HashMap<>();
    *   placeholders.put("tableName", "e_basic");
    *
-   *   EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
-   *   server.script().run("/scripts/test-script.sql");
+   *   Database database = DB.getDefault();
+   *   database.script().run("/scripts/test-script.sql", placeholders);
    *
    * }</pre>
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/SqlQuery.java

@@ -10,34 +10,30 @@ import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
- * Query object for performing native SQL queries that return SqlRow's.
- * <p>
- * Firstly note that you can use your own sql queries with <em>entity beans</em>
- * by using the SqlSelect annotation. This should be your first approach when
- * wanting to use your own SQL queries.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * If ORM Mapping is too tight and constraining for your problem then SqlQuery
- * could be a good approach.
- * </p>
+ * Query object for performing native SQL queries that return SqlRow or directly read
+ * ResultSet using a RowMapper.
  * <p>
  * The returned SqlRow objects are similar to a LinkedHashMap with some type
  * conversion support added.
  * </p>
  * <p>
+ * Refer to {@link DtoQuery} for native sql queries returning DTO beans.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Refer to {@link Database#findNative(Class, String)} for native sql queries returning entity beans.
+ * </p>
+ *
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *   // its typically a good idea to use a named query
- *   // and put the sql in the orm.xml instead of in your code
+ *   // example using named parameters
  *
  *   String sql = "select id, name from customer where name like :name and status_code = :status";
  *
- *   SqlQuery sqlQuery = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql);
- *   sqlQuery.setParameter("name", "Acme%");
- *   sqlQuery.setParameter("status", "ACTIVE");
- *
- *   // execute the query returning a List of MapBean objects
- *   List<SqlRow> list = sqlQuery.findList();
+ *   List<SqlRow> list =
+ *     DB.sqlQuery(sql)
+ *       .setParameter("name", "Acme%")
+ *       .setParameter("status", "ACTIVE")
+ *       .findList();
  *
  * }</pre>
  */
@@ -104,7 +100,7 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    *
    *  String sql = "select id, name, status from customer order by name desc";
    *
-   *  Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *  DB.sqlQuery(sql)
    *    .findEachRow((resultSet, rowNum) -> {
    *
    *      // read directly from ResultSet
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    *
    *   String sql = "select max(unit_price) from o_order_detail where order_qty > ?";
    *
-   *   BigDecimal maxPrice = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *   BigDecimal maxPrice = DB.sqlQuery(sql)
    *     .setParameter(1, 2)
    *     .findSingleAttribute(BigDecimal.class);
    *
@@ -176,9 +172,10 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    *   " order by (unit_price * order_qty) desc";
    *
    *   //
-   *   List<BigDecimal> lineAmounts = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
-   *     .setParameter(1, 3)
-   *     .findSingleAttributeList(BigDecimal.class);
+   *   List<BigDecimal> lineAmounts =
+   *     DB.sqlQuery(sql)
+   *       .setParameter(1, 3)
+   *       .findSingleAttributeList(BigDecimal.class);
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
@@ -204,14 +201,16 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    *
    *   String sql = "select id, name from customer where name like ? and status = ?";
    *
-   *   Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *   List<SqlRow> list =
+   *     DB.sqlQuery(sql)
    *       .setParams("Rob", Status.NEW)
    *       .findList();
    *
    *
    *   // is the same as ...
    *
-   *   Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *   List<SqlRow> list =
+   *     DB.sqlQuery(sql)
    *       .setParameter(1, "Rob")
    *       .setParameter(2, "Status.NEW)
    *       .findList();

src/main/java/io/ebean/SqlUpdate.java

@@ -16,20 +16,33 @@ package io.ebean;
  * notify Ebean of external changes and enable Ebean to maintain it's "L2"
  * server cache.
  * </p>
- * <p>
+ *
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *   // example that uses 'named' parameters
+ *   // example using 'positioned' parameters
  *
- *   String s = "UPDATE f_topic set post_count = :count where id = :id";
+ *   String sql = "insert into audit_log (group, title, description) values (?, ?, ?);
  *
- *   SqlUpdate update = Ebean.createSqlUpdate(s);
- *   update.setParameter("id", 1);
- *   update.setParameter("count", 50);
+ *   int rows =
+ *     DB.sqlUpdate(sql)
+ *       .setParams("login", "new user", "user rob was created")
+ *       .executeNow();
  *
- *   int modifiedCount = update.execute();
+ * }</pre>
  *
- *   String msg = "There were " + modifiedCount + " rows updated";
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *   // example using 'named' parameters
+ *
+ *   String sql = "update topic set post_count = :count where id = :id";
+ *
+ *   int rows =
+ *     DB.sqlUpdate(sql)
+ *       .setParameter("id", 1)
+ *       .setParameter("count", 50)
+ *       .execute();
+ *
+ *   String msg = "There were " + rows + " rows updated";
  *
  * }</pre>
  * <p>
@@ -37,9 +50,10 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <pre>{@code
  *
  *  String sql = "insert into audit_log (id, description, modified_description) values (?,?,?)";
- *  SqlUpdate insert = Ebean.createSqlUpdate(sql);
  *
- *  try (Transaction txn = Ebean.beginTransaction()) {
+ *  SqlUpdate insert = DB.sqlUpdate(sql);
+ *
+ *  try (Transaction txn = DB.beginTransaction()) {
  *    txn.setBatchMode(true);
  *
  *    insert.setNextParameter(10000);
@@ -65,7 +79,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *   try (Transaction txn = Ebean.beginTransaction()) {
+ *   try (Transaction txn = DB.beginTransaction()) {
  *
  *     insert.setNextParameter(10000);
  *     insert.setNextParameter("hello");
@@ -220,20 +234,20 @@ public interface SqlUpdate {
   /**
    * Set one of more positioned parameters.
    * <p>
-   * This is a convenient alternative to multiple calls setParameter().
+   * This is a convenient alternative to multiple setParameter() calls.
    *
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   String sql = "insert into audit_log (id, name, version) values (?,?,?)";
    *
-   *   Ebean.createSqlUpdate(sql)
+   *   DB.sqlUpdate(sql)
    *       .setParams(UUID.randomUUID(), "Hello", 1)
    *       .executeNow();
    *
    *
    *   // is the same as ...
    *
-   *   Ebean.createSqlUpdate(sql)
+   *   DB.sqlUpdate(sql)
    *       .setParameter(1, UUID.randomUUID())
    *       .setParameter(2, "Hello")
    *       .setParameter(3, 1)

src/main/java/io/ebean/Transaction.java

@@ -14,18 +14,17 @@ import java.sql.Connection;
 public interface Transaction extends AutoCloseable {
 
   /**
-   * Return the current transaction (of the default server) or null if there is
+   * Return the current transaction (of the default database) or null if there is
    * no current transaction in scope.
    * <p>
-   * This is the same as <code>Ebean.currentTransaction()</code>
+   * This is the same as <code>DB.currentTransaction()</code>
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * This returns the current transaction for the 'default server'.  If you are using
-   * multiple EbeanServer's then use {@link EbeanServer#currentTransaction()}.
+   * This returns the current transaction for the default database.
    * </p>
    *
-   * @see Ebean#currentTransaction()
-   * @see EbeanServer#currentTransaction()
+   * @see DB#currentTransaction()
+   * @see Database#currentTransaction()
    */
   static Transaction current() {
     return Ebean.currentTransaction();
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ public interface Transaction extends AutoCloseable {
    *
    *   // assume Customer has L2 bean caching enabled ...
    *
-   *   try (Transaction transaction = ebeanServer.beginTransaction()) {
+   *   try (Transaction transaction = DB.beginTransaction()) {
    *
    *     // this uses L2 bean cache as the transaction
    *     // ... is considered "query only" at this point
@@ -366,13 +365,13 @@ public interface Transaction extends AutoCloseable {
    * // inserts into a table called sp_test
    * cs.addModification("sp_test", true, false, false);
    *
-   * try (Transaction txn = ebeanServer.beginTransaction()) {
+   * try (Transaction txn = DB.beginTransaction()) {
    *   txn.setBatchMode(true);
    *   txn.setBatchSize(10);
    *
    *   for (int i = 0; i < da.length;) {
    *     cs.setParameter(1, da[i]);
-   *     ebeanServer.execute(cs);
+   *     DB.execute(cs);
    *   }
    *
    *   // Note: commit implicitly flushes

src/main/java/io/ebean/Update.java

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * Update<Topic> update = Ebean.createUpdate(Topic.class, "incrementPostCount");
+ * Update<Topic> update = DB.createUpdate(Topic.class, "incrementPostCount");
  * update.setParameter("id", 1);
  * int rows = update.execute();
  *

src/main/java/io/ebean/UpdateQuery.java

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *  int rows = ebeanServer
- *      .update(Customer.class)
+ *  int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
  *      .set("status", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
  *      .set("updtime", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()))
  *      .where()
@@ -39,8 +38,7 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- *   int rows = ebeanServer
- *       .update(Customer.class)
+ *   int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
  *       .set("status", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
  *       .set("updtime", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()))
  *       .where()
@@ -73,8 +71,7 @@ public interface UpdateQuery<T> {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   int rows = ebeanServer
-   *      .update(Customer.class)
+   *   int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
    *      .set("status", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
    *      .set("updtime", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()))
    *      .where()
@@ -93,8 +90,7 @@ public interface UpdateQuery<T> {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   int rows = ebeanServer
-   *      .update(Customer.class)
+   *   int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
    *      .setNull("notes")
    *      .where()
    *      .gt("id", 1000)
@@ -114,8 +110,7 @@ public interface UpdateQuery<T> {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   int rows = ebeanServer
-   *      .update(Customer.class)
+   *   int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
    *      .setRaw("status = coalesce(status, 'A')")
    *      .where()
    *      .gt("id", 1000)
@@ -134,8 +129,7 @@ public interface UpdateQuery<T> {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   int rows = ebeanServer
-   *      .update(Customer.class)
+   *   int rows = DB.update(Customer.class)
    *      .setRaw("status = coalesce(status, ?)", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
    *      .where()
    *      .gt("id", 1000)

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/BeanCollectionLoader.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ package io.ebean.bean;
 public interface BeanCollectionLoader {
 
   /**
-   * Return the name of the associated EbeanServer.
+   * Return the name of the associated Database.
    */
   String getName();
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/BeanLoader.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ package io.ebean.bean;
 public interface BeanLoader {
 
   /**
-   * Return the name of the associated EbeanServer.
+   * Return the name of the associated Database.
    */
   String getName();
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/AbstractBeanCollection.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
   protected boolean disableLazyLoad;
 
   /**
-   * The EbeanServer this is associated with. (used for lazy fetch).
+   * The Database this is associated with. (used for lazy fetch).
    */
   protected transient BeanCollectionLoader loader;
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/AutoConfigure.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 /**
- * Used to provide some automatic configuration early in the creation of an EbeanServer.
+ * Used to provide some automatic configuration early in the creation of a Database.
  */
 public interface AutoConfigure {
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/AutoTuneConfig.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 /**
- * Defines the AutoTune behaviour for a EbeanServer.
+ * Defines the AutoTune behaviour for a Database.
  */
 public class AutoTuneConfig {
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ContainerConfig.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
 import java.util.Properties;
 
 /**
- * Configuration for the container that holds the EbeanServer instances.
+ * Configuration for the container that holds the Database instances.
  * <p>
  * Provides configuration for cluster communication (if clustering is used). The cluster communication is
  * used to invalidate appropriate parts of the L2 cache across the cluster.

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/DatabaseConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+import io.ebean.DatabaseFactory;
+
+/**
+ * The configuration used for creating a Database.
+ * <p>
+ * Used to programmatically construct an Database and optionally register it
+ * with the DB singleton.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * If you just use DB thout this programmatic configuration Ebean will read
+ * the application.properties file and take the configuration from there. This usually
+ * includes searching the class path and automatically registering any entity
+ * classes and listeners etc.
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ * DatabaseConfig config = new DatabaseConfig();
+ *
+ * // read the ebean.properties and load
+ * // those settings into this serverConfig object
+ * config.loadFromProperties();
+ *
+ * // explicitly register the entity beans to avoid classpath scanning
+ * config.addClass(Customer.class);
+ * config.addClass(User.class);
+ *
+ * Database db = DatabaseFactory.create(config);
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Note that ServerConfigProvider provides a standard Java ServiceLoader mechanism that can
+ * be used to apply configuration to the DatabaseConfig.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author emcgreal
+ * @author rbygrave
+ * @see DatabaseFactory
+ */
+public class DatabaseConfig extends ServerConfig {
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/DbMigrationConfig.java

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
    * <p>
    * The default of "dbmigration" is reasonable in most cases. You may look to set this
    * to be something like "dbmigration/myapp" where myapp gives it a unique resource path
-   * in the case there are multiple EbeanServer applications in the single classpath.
+   * in the case there are multiple Database applications in the single classpath.
    * </p>
    */
   public void setMigrationPath(String migrationPath) {

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PlatformConfig.java

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ public class PlatformConfig {
    */
   private DbUuid dbUuid = DbUuid.AUTO_VARCHAR;
 
+  /**
+   * Set to true to force InetAddress to map to Varchar (for Postgres rather than INET)
+   */
+  private boolean databaseInetAddressVarchar;
+
   /**
    * Modify the default mapping of standard types such as default precision for DECIMAL etc.
    */
@@ -181,6 +186,20 @@ public class PlatformConfig {
     this.idType = idType;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if InetAddress should map to varchar column (rather than Postgres INET).
+   */
+  public boolean isDatabaseInetAddressVarchar() {
+    return databaseInetAddressVarchar;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to force InetAddress to map to varchar column.
+   */
+  public void setDatabaseInetAddressVarchar(boolean databaseInetAddressVarchar) {
+    this.databaseInetAddressVarchar = databaseInetAddressVarchar;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Add a custom type mapping.
    * <p>
@@ -235,6 +254,7 @@ public class PlatformConfig {
     databaseSequenceBatchSize = p.getInt("databaseSequenceBatchSize", databaseSequenceBatchSize);
     databaseBooleanTrue = p.get("databaseBooleanTrue", databaseBooleanTrue);
     databaseBooleanFalse = p.get("databaseBooleanFalse", databaseBooleanFalse);
+    databaseInetAddressVarchar = p.getBoolean("databaseInetAddressVarchar", databaseInetAddressVarchar);
 
     DbUuid dbUuid = p.getEnum(DbUuid.class, "dbuuid", null);
     if (dbUuid != null) {

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ServerConfig.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
-import io.ebean.EbeanServerFactory;
+import io.ebean.DatabaseFactory;
 import io.ebean.PersistenceContextScope;
 import io.ebean.Query;
 import io.ebean.Transaction;
@@ -44,30 +44,30 @@ import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 
 /**
- * The configuration used for creating a EbeanServer.
+ * The configuration used for creating a Database.
  * <p>
- * Used to programmatically construct an EbeanServer and optionally register it
- * with the Ebean singleton.
+ * Used to programmatically construct a Database and optionally register it
+ * with the DB singleton.
  * </p>
  * <p>
- * If you just use Ebean without this programmatic configuration Ebean will read
- * the ebean.properties file and take the configuration from there. This usually
+ * If you just use DB without this programmatic configuration DB will read
+ * the application.properties file and take the configuration from there. This usually
  * includes searching the class path and automatically registering any entity
  * classes and listeners etc.
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * ServerConfig c = new ServerConfig();
+ * ServerConfig config = new ServerConfig();
  *
  * // read the ebean.properties and load
  * // those settings into this serverConfig object
- * c.loadFromProperties();
+ * config.loadFromProperties();
  *
  * // explicitly register the entity beans to avoid classpath scanning
- * c.addClass(Customer.class);
- * c.addClass(User.class);
+ * config.addClass(Customer.class);
+ * config.addClass(User.class);
  *
- * EbeanServer server = EbeanServerFactory.create(c);
+ * Database database = DatabaseFactory.create(config);
  *
  * }</pre>
  *
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ import java.util.ServiceLoader;
  *
  * @author emcgreal
  * @author rbygrave
- * @see EbeanServerFactory
+ * @see DatabaseFactory
  */
 public class ServerConfig {
 
   /**
-   * The EbeanServer name.
+   * The Database name.
    */
   private String name = "db";
 
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   private String resourceDirectory;
 
   /**
-   * Set to true to register this EbeanServer with the Ebean singleton.
+   * Set to true to register this Database with the DB singleton.
    */
   private boolean register = true;
 
   /**
-   * Set to true if this is the default/primary server.
+   * Set to true if this is the default/primary database.
    */
   private boolean defaultServer = true;
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   private DocStoreConfig docStoreConfig = new DocStoreConfig();
 
   /**
-   * Set to true when the EbeanServer only uses Document store.
+   * Set to true when the Database only uses Document store.
    */
   private boolean docStoreOnly;
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   /**
    * Behaviour of updates in JDBC batch to by default include all properties.
    */
-  private boolean updateAllPropertiesInBatch = true;
+  private boolean updateAllPropertiesInBatch;
 
   /**
    * Default behaviour for updates when cascade save on a O2M or M2M to delete any missing children.
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   private boolean idGeneratorAutomatic = true;
 
   /**
-   * Construct a Server Configuration for programmatically creating an EbeanServer.
+   * Construct a Database Configuration for programmatically creating an Database.
    */
   public ServerConfig() {
 
@@ -693,14 +693,14 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return the name of the EbeanServer.
+   * Return the name of the Database.
    */
   public String getName() {
     return name;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Set the name of the EbeanServer.
+   * Set the name of the Database.
    */
   public void setName(String name) {
     this.name = name;
@@ -709,8 +709,8 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   /**
    * Return the container / clustering configuration.
    * <p/>
-   * The container holds all the EbeanServer instances and provides clustering communication
-   * services to all the EbeanServer instances.
+   * The container holds all the Database instances and provides clustering communication
+   * services to all the Database instances.
    */
   public ContainerConfig getContainerConfig() {
     return containerConfig;
@@ -719,8 +719,8 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   /**
    * Set the container / clustering configuration.
    * <p/>
-   * The container holds all the EbeanServer instances and provides clustering communication
-   * services to all the EbeanServer instances.
+   * The container holds all the Database instances and provides clustering communication
+   * services to all the Database instances.
    */
   public void setContainerConfig(ContainerConfig containerConfig) {
     this.containerConfig = containerConfig;
@@ -760,8 +760,8 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Set false if you do not want this EbeanServer to be registered as the "default" server
-   * with the Ebean singleton.
+   * Set false if you do not want this Database to be registered as the "default" database
+   * with the DB singleton.
    * <p>
    * This is only used when {@link #setRegister(boolean)} is also true.
    * </p>
@@ -1547,14 +1547,14 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return true if this EbeanServer is a Document store only instance (has no JDBC DB).
+   * Return true if this Database is a Document store only instance (has no JDBC DB).
    */
   public boolean isDocStoreOnly() {
     return docStoreOnly;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Set to true if this EbeanServer is Document store only instance (has no JDBC DB).
+   * Set to true if this Database is Document store only instance (has no JDBC DB).
    */
   public void setDocStoreOnly(boolean docStoreOnly) {
     this.docStoreOnly = docStoreOnly;
@@ -1954,16 +1954,16 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return true if the EbeanServer instance should be created in offline mode.
+   * Return true if the Database instance should be created in offline mode.
    */
   public boolean isDbOffline() {
     return dbOffline;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Set to true if the EbeanServer instance should be created in offline mode.
+   * Set to true if the Database instance should be created in offline mode.
    * <p>
-   * Typically used to create an EbeanServer instance for DDL Migration generation
+   * Typically used to create an Database instance for DDL Migration generation
    * without requiring a real DataSource / Database to connect to.
    * </p>
    */
@@ -2214,7 +2214,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
 
   /**
    * Set to true to disable the class path search even for the case where no entity bean classes
-   * have been registered. This can be used to start an EbeanServer instance just to use the
+   * have been registered. This can be used to start an Database instance just to use the
    * SQL functions such as SqlQuery, SqlUpdate etc.
    */
   public void setDisableClasspathSearch(boolean disableClasspathSearch) {
@@ -2328,8 +2328,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
    *
    *   // assume Customer has L2 bean caching enabled ...
    *
-   *   Transaction transaction = Ebean.beginTransaction();
-   *   try {
+   *   try (Transaction transaction = DB.beginTransaction()) {
    *
    *     // this uses L2 bean cache as the transaction
    *     // ... is considered "query only" at this point
@@ -2337,7 +2336,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
    *
    *     // transaction no longer "query only" once
    *     // ... a bean has been saved etc
-   *     Ebean.save(someBean);
+   *     DB.save(someBean);
    *
    *     // will NOT use L2 bean cache as the transaction
    *     // ... is no longer considered "query only"
@@ -2356,9 +2355,6 @@ public class ServerConfig {
    *     transaction.setSkipCache(true);
    *     Customer.find.byId(99); // skips l2 bean cache
    *
-   *
-   *   } finally {
-   *     transaction.end();
    *   }
    *
    * }</pre>
@@ -2426,7 +2422,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return true if the ebeanServer should collection query statistics by ObjectGraphNode.
+   * Return true if query statistics should be collected by ObjectGraphNode.
    */
   public boolean isCollectQueryStatsByNode() {
     return collectQueryStatsByNode;

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/dbplatform/DbPlatformTypeMapping.java

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ public class DbPlatformTypeMapping {
 
   private static final DbPlatformType BOOLEAN_LOGICAL = new BooleanLogicalType();
 
+  private static final DbPlatformType INET_NATIVE = new DbPlatformType("inet", false);
+  private static final DbPlatformType INET_VARCHAR = new DbPlatformType("varchar", 50);
+
   private static final DbPlatformType UUID_NATIVE = new DbPlatformType("uuid", false);
   @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   private static final DbPlatformType UUID_PLACEHOLDER = new DbPlatformType("uuidPlaceholder");
@@ -106,6 +109,7 @@ public class DbPlatformTypeMapping {
       put(DbType.JSONBLOB, new DbPlatformType("jsonblob"));
       put(DbType.JSONVARCHAR, new DbPlatformType("jsonvarchar", 1000));
       put(DbType.UUID, UUID_NATIVE);
+      put(DbType.INET, INET_NATIVE);
 
     } else {
       put(DbType.VARCHAR, new DbPlatformType("varchar", 255));
@@ -121,6 +125,7 @@ public class DbPlatformTypeMapping {
       put(DbType.JSONVARCHAR, JSON_VARCHAR_PLACEHOLDER);
       // default to native UUID and override on platform configure()
       put(DbType.UUID, UUID_NATIVE);
+      put(DbType.INET, INET_VARCHAR);
     }
   }
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/dbplatform/DbType.java

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ public enum DbType {
   ARRAY(Types.ARRAY),
 
   UUID(ExtraDbTypes.UUID),
+  INET(ExtraDbTypes.INET),
+  CDIR(ExtraDbTypes.CDIR),
 
   POINT(ExtraDbTypes.POINT),
   POLYGON(ExtraDbTypes.POLYGON),

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/dbplatform/ExtraDbTypes.java

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ public interface ExtraDbTypes {
    */
   int JSONBlob = 5005;
 
+  int INET = 5020;
+  int CDIR = 5021;
+
   /**
    * Geo Point
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/dbplatform/postgres/PostgresPlatform.java

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ public class PostgresPlatform extends DatabasePlatform {
     DbPlatformType dbBytea = new DbPlatformType("bytea", false);
 
     dbTypeMap.put(DbType.UUID, new DbPlatformType("uuid", false));
+    dbTypeMap.put(DbType.INET, new DbPlatformType("inet", false));
     dbTypeMap.put(DbType.HSTORE, new DbPlatformType("hstore", false));
     dbTypeMap.put(DbType.JSON, new DbPlatformType("json", false));
     dbTypeMap.put(DbType.JSONB, new DbPlatformType("jsonb", false));

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/package.html

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
   <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-  <TITLE>Configuration settings for EbeanServer construction</TITLE>
+  <TITLE>Configuration settings for Database construction</TITLE>
 </HEAD>
 <Body BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
-Configuration settings for EbeanServer construction
+Configuration settings for Database construction
 
 </Body>
 </HTML>

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/properties/Loader.java

@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ class Loader {
       if (fileName != null) {
         loadWithExtensionCheck(fileName);
       }
+    } else {
+        loadWithExtensionCheck(fileName);
     }
   }
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/event/BeanPersistController.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ package io.ebean.event;
  * <p>
  * Note that getTransaction() on the PersistRequest returns the transaction used
  * for the insert, update, delete or fetch. To explicitly use this same
- * transaction you should use this transaction via methods on EbeanServer.
+ * transaction you should use this transaction via methods on Database.
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *

src/main/java/io/ebean/event/BeanPostConstructListener.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebean.event;
 
-import io.ebean.EbeanServer;
+import io.ebean.Database;
 
 /**
  * Fired after a bean is constructed, but not yet loaded from database.
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import io.ebean.EbeanServer;
  * properties will get unload. Use {@link BeanPostLoad} instead.
  * <p>
  * it's intended to do some dependency-injection here.
- * If you plan to use this feature you should use {@link EbeanServer#createEntityBean(Class)}
+ * If you plan to use this feature you should use {@link Database#createEntityBean(Class)}
  * to create new beans.
  * </p>
  */
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public interface BeanPostConstructListener {
   void postConstruct(Object bean);
 
   /**
-   * Called after {@link EbeanServer#createEntityBean(Class)}. Only for new beans.
+   * Called after {@link Database#createEntityBean(Class)}. Only for new beans.
    * intended to set default values here.
    */
   void postCreate(Object bean);

src/main/java/io/ebean/meta/MetaInfoManager.java

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.meta;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- * Provides access to the meta data in EbeanServer such as query execution statistics.
+ * Provides access to the meta data in Database such as query execution statistics.
  */
 public interface MetaInfoManager {
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/meta/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 /**
- * Meta data that can be retrieved for the EbeanServer.
+ * Meta data that can be retrieved for a Database instance.
  */
 package io.ebean.meta;

src/main/java/io/ebean/overview.html

@@ -3,130 +3,24 @@
   <title>Ebean API</title>
 </head>
 <body BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
-Ebean Object Relational Mapping (start at
-<a href='com/avaje/ebean/EbeanServer.html'>EbeanServer</a> or <a href='com/avaje/ebean/Ebean.html'>Ebean</a>).
+Ebean Object Relational Mapping -
+<a href='io/ebean/Database.html'>Database</a> or <a href='io/ebean/DB.html'>DB</a>).
 
 
-<h3>Ebean</h3>
+<h4><a href='io/ebean/Database.html'>Database</a></h4>
 <p>
-  Provides the main API for fetching and persisting beans with Ebean.
+  Database provides the main API for fetching and persisting beans.
 </p>
+
+<h4><a href='io/ebean/DB.html'>DB</a></h4>
 <p>
-  For a full description of the query language refer to <a href="com/avaje/ebean/Query.html">Query</a>.
+  DB holds a registry of Database instances by name.
 </p>
+
+<h4><a href='https://ebean.io/docs/query'>Query</a></h4>
 <p>
-  &nbsp;
+  Review the documentation for the query capabilities.
 </p>
-<div id="overviewexamples">
-  <h3>
-    EXAMPLE 1: Simple fetch
-  </h3>
-  <pre>{@code
-// fetch order 10
-Order order = Ebean.find(Order.class, 10);
-}</pre>
-
-  <h3>
-    EXAMPLE 2: Fetch an Object with associations
-  </h3>
-  <pre>{@code
-// fetch Customer 7 including their billing and shipping addresses
-Customer customer = Ebean.find(Customer.class)
-    .fetch("billingAddress");
-    .fetch("shippingAddress");
-    .setId(7)
-    .findOne();
-
-
-Address billAddr = customer.getBillingAddress();
-Address shipAddr = customer.getShippingAddress();
-}</pre>
-
-  <h3>
-    EXAMPLE 3: Fetch a list of Objects with associations
-  </h3>
-  <pre>{@code
-// Note: This example shows a "Partial Object".
-//       For the product objects associated with the
-//       order details only the product id and name is
-//       fetched (the product objects are partially populated).
-
-// fetch orders for customer.id = 2
-List<Order> orderList = Ebean.find(Order.class);
-    .fetch("customer")
-    .fetch("customer.shippingAddress")
-    .fetch("details")
-    .fetch("details.product","name")
-    .where().eq("customer.id",2)
-    .findList();
-
-
-// Note: Only the product id and name is fetched for the
-//       product details. This is referred to as a
-//       "Partial Object" (one that is partially populated).
-
-
-// code that traverses the object graph...
-
-Order order = orderList.get(0);
-Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
-Address shipAddr = customer.getShippingAddress();
-
-List<OrderDetail> details = order.getDetails();
-OrderDetail detail = details.get(0);
-Product product = detail.getProduct();
-String productName = product.getName();
-
-}</pre>
-
-  <h3>
-    EXAMPLE 4: Create and save an Order
-  </h3>
-  <pre>{@code
-// get a Customer reference so we don't hit the database
-Customer custRef = Ebean.getReference(Customer.class, 7);
-
-// create a new Order object
-Order newOrder = new Order();
-newOrder.setStatus(Order.Status.NEW);
-newOrder.setCustomer(custRef);
-
-ArrayList orderLines = new ArrayList();
-newOrder.setLines(orderLines);
-...
-
-// add a line to the order
-Product prodRef = Ebean.getReference(Product.class, 41);
-OrderLine line = new OrderLine();
-line.setProduct(prodRef);
-line.setQuantity(10);
-orderLines.add(line);
-...
-
-// save the order and its lines in a single transaction
-// NB: assumes CascadeType.PERSIST is set on the order lines association
-Ebean.save(newOrder);
-
-}</pre>
-
-  <h3>
-    EXAMPLE 5: Use another database
-  </h3>
-  <pre>{@code
-// Get access to the Human Resources EbeanServer/Database
-EbeanServer hrServer = Ebean.getServer("HR");
-
-
-// fetch contact 3 from the HR database
-Contact contact = hrServer.find(Contact.class, 3);
-
-contact.setStatus(Contact.Status.INACTIVE);
-...
-
-// save the contact back to the HR database
-hrServer.save(contact);
-}</pre>
-</div>
 
 
 </body>

src/main/java/io/ebean/package.html

@@ -3,29 +3,38 @@
   <TITLE>Ebean core API</TITLE>
 </HEAD>
 <Body BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
-Core API (see <a href="EbeanServer.html">EbeanServer</a> and <a href="Ebean.html">Ebean</a>).
+Core API (see <a href="Database.html">Database</a>, <a href="DB.html">DB</a> and <a href="Query.html">Query</a>).
 
-<h3>Ebean</h3>
+<h3>Database</h3>
 <p>
-  Provides the main API for fetching and persisting beans with eBean.
+  Provides the main API for fetching and persisting beans. We can obtain the "default database"
+  via <code>DB.getDefault()</code> or just use methods on DB.
 </p>
 
 <pre>{@code
-// EXAMPLE 1: Simple fetch
-//========================
 
-// fetch order 10
-Order order = Ebean.find(Order.class, 10);
+// Example find by id
+
+Order order = DB.find(Order.class, 10);
 
 
+// Example save
 
-// EXAMPLE 2: Fetch an Object with associations
-//=============================================
+Customer customer = DB.getReference(Customer.class, 42);
 
-// fetch Customer 7 including their billing and shipping addresses
-Customer customer =
-	Ebean.find(Customer.class)
-		.setId(7)
+Order newOrder = new Order();
+newOrder.setStatus(Order.Status.NEW);
+newOrder.setCustomer(customer);
+...
+
+DB.save(newOrder);
+
+
+// Example: Eagerly fetching associations
+
+// fetch Customer 42 including their billing and shipping addresses
+Customer customer = DB.find(Customer.class)
+		.setId(42)
 		.fetch("billingAddress")
 		.fetch("shippingAddress")
 		.findOne();
@@ -33,53 +42,6 @@ Customer customer =
 Address billAddr = customer.getBillingAddress();
 Address shipAddr = customer.getShippingAddress();
 
-
-
-
-// EXAMPLE 3: Create and save an Order
-//=====================================
-
-// get a Customer reference so we don't hit the database
-Customer custRef = Ebean.getReference(Customer.class, 7);
-
-// create a new Order object
-Order newOrder = new Order();
-newOrder.setStatus(Order.Status.NEW);
-newOrder.setCustomer(custRef);
-
-ArrayList orderLines = new ArrayList();
-newOrder.setLines(orderLines);
-...
-
-// add a line to the order
-Product prodRef = Ebean.getReference(Product.class, 41);
-OrderLine line = new OrderLine();
-line.setProduct(prodRef);
-line.setQuantity(10);
-orderLines.add(line);
-...
-
-// save the order and its lines in a single transaction
-// NB: assumes CascadeType.PERSIST is set on the order lines association
-Ebean.save(newOrder);
-
-
-
-// EXAMPLE 4: Use another database
-//=================================
-
-// Get access to the Human Resources EbeanServer/Database
-EbeanServer hrServer = Ebean.getServer(&quot;HR&quot;);
-
-
-// fetch contact 3 from the HR database
-Contact contact = hrServer.find(Contact.class, 3);
-
-contact.setStatus(Contact.Status.INACTIVE);
-...
-
-// save the contact back to the HR database
-hrServer.save(contact);
 }</pre>
 
 </Body>

src/main/java/io/ebean/plugin/Plugin.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.plugin;
 
 /**
- * A 'plugin' that wants to be configured on startup so it can use features of the EbeanServer itself.
+ * A 'plugin' that wants to be configured on startup so it can use features of the Database itself.
  */
 public interface Plugin {
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/plugin/SpiServer.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import javax.sql.DataSource;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- * Extensions to EbeanServer API made available to plugins.
+ * Extensions to Database API made available to plugins.
  */
 public interface SpiServer extends EbeanServer {
 
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ public interface SpiServer extends EbeanServer {
   BeanType<?> getBeanTypeForQueueId(String queueId);
 
   /**
-   * Return the associated DataSource for this EbeanServer instance.
+   * Return the associated DataSource for this Database instance.
    */
   DataSource getDataSource();
 
   /**
-   * Return the associated read only DataSource for this EbeanServer instance (can be null).
+   * Return the associated read only DataSource for this Database instance (can be null).
    */
   DataSource getReadOnlyDataSource();
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/plugin/package-info.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Provides a API for plugins.
  * <p>
  * Plugins can get and read meta data about the entity beans and enhance or utilise the
- * functionality of the EbeanServer.
+ * functionality of the Database.
  * </p>
  */
 package io.ebean.plugin;

src/main/java/io/ebean/service/SpiContainer.java

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import io.ebean.EbeanServer;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
 
 /**
- * Creates the EbeanServer implementations. This is used internally by the EbeanServerFactory and is not currently
+ * Creates the Database implementations. This is used internally by the EbeanServerFactory and is not currently
  * exposed as public API.
  */
 public interface SpiContainer {

src/main/java/io/ebean/text/csv/CsvReader.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import java.util.Locale;
  *
  *   FileReader reader = new FileReader(f);
  *
- *   CsvReader<Customer> csvReader = Ebean.createCsvReader(Customer.class);
+ *   CsvReader<Customer> csvReader = DB.createCsvReader(Customer.class);
  *
  *   csvReader.setPersistBatchSize(20);
  *

src/main/java/io/ebean/text/json/package-info.java

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * <pre>{@code
  *  // find some customers ...
  *
- * List<Customer> list = Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+ * List<Customer> list = DB.find(Customer.class)
  *     .select("id, name, status, shippingAddress")
  *     .fetch("billingAddress","line1, city")
  *     .fetch("billingAddress.country", "*")
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *     .order().desc("id")
  *     .findList();
  *
- * JsonContext json = Ebean.json();
+ * JsonContext json = DB.json();
  *
  *  // output as a JSON string
  * String jsonOutput = json.toJson(list);

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/api/BindParams.java

@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ public class BindParams implements Serializable {
   public BindParams() {
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Reset positioned parameters (usually due to bind parameter expansion).
+   */
+  public void reset() {
+    bindHash = null;
+    positionedParameters.clear();
+  }
+
   public int queryBindHash() {
     int hc = namedParameters.hashCode();
     for (Param positionedParameter : positionedParameters) {
@@ -171,8 +179,7 @@ public class BindParams implements Serializable {
   }
 
   private Param getParam(String name) {
-    Param p = namedParameters.computeIfAbsent(name, k -> new Param());
-    return p;
+    return namedParameters.computeIfAbsent(name, k -> new Param());
   }
 
   private Param getParam(int position) {

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/api/SpiSqlUpdate.java

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import io.ebean.SqlUpdate;
 
 public interface SpiSqlUpdate extends SqlUpdate {
 
+  /**
+   * Return the sql taking into account bind parameter expansion.
+   */
+  String getBaseSql();
+
   /**
    * Return the Bind parameters.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/dbmigration/LastMigration.java

@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ class LastMigration {
    */
   static String lastVersion(File migDirectory, File modelDir) {
 
-    List<String> fileNames = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<MigrationVersion> versions = new ArrayList<>();
 
     File[] sqlFiles = migDirectory.listFiles(pathname -> includeSqlFile(pathname.getName().toLowerCase()));
     if (sqlFiles != null) {
       for (File file : sqlFiles) {
-        fileNames.add(trim(file.getName()));
+        versions.add(trimAndParse(file.getName()));
       }
     }
 
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ class LastMigration {
       File[] xmlFiles = modelDir.listFiles(pathname -> includeModelFile(pathname.getName().toLowerCase()));
       if (xmlFiles != null) {
         for (File file : xmlFiles) {
-          fileNames.add(trim(file.getName()));
+          versions.add(trimAndParse(file.getName()));
         }
       }
     }
 
-    Collections.sort(fileNames);
-    if (!fileNames.isEmpty()) {
-      return fileNames.get(fileNames.size() - 1);
+    Collections.sort(versions);
+    if (!versions.isEmpty()) {
+      return versions.get(versions.size() - 1).asString();
     }
     return null;
   }
@@ -69,23 +69,14 @@ class LastMigration {
     return lowerFileName.endsWith(MODEL_XML);
   }
 
-  private static String trim(String name) {
-    name = name.toLowerCase();
-    char c = name.charAt(0);
-    if (c == 'v') {
-      name = name.substring(1);
-    }
-    int p = name.indexOf("__");
-    if (p > -1) {
-      name = name.substring(0, p);
-    }
+  private static MigrationVersion trimAndParse(String name) {
     if (name.endsWith(SQL)) {
       name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 4);
     }
     if (name.endsWith(MODEL_XML)) {
       name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 10);
     }
-    return name;
+    return MigrationVersion.parse(name);
   }
 
 }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/core/DefaultServer.java

@@ -1083,15 +1083,25 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
   }
 
   @Override
-  public SqlQuery createSqlQuery(String sql) {
+  public SqlQuery sqlQuery(String sql) {
     return new DefaultRelationalQuery(this, sql.trim());
   }
 
   @Override
-  public SqlUpdate createSqlUpdate(String sql) {
+  public SqlQuery createSqlQuery(String sql) {
+    return sqlQuery(sql);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SqlUpdate sqlUpdate(String sql) {
     return new DefaultSqlUpdate(this, sql.trim());
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public SqlUpdate createSqlUpdate(String sql) {
+    return sqlUpdate(sql);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public CallableSql createCallableSql(String sql) {
     return new DefaultCallableSql(this, sql.trim());

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/core/DefaultSqlUpdate.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiTransaction;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Collection;
 
 /**
  * A SQL Update Delete or Insert statement that can be executed. For the times
@@ -35,9 +36,14 @@ public final class DefaultSqlUpdate implements Serializable, SpiSqlUpdate {
   private final BindParams bindParams;
 
   /**
-   * The sql update or delete statement.
+   * The original sql update or delete statement.
    */
-  private final String sql;
+  private final String origSql;
+
+  /**
+   * The sql taking into account bind parameter expansion.
+   */
+  private String baseSql;
 
   /**
    * The actual sql with named parameters converted.
@@ -66,6 +72,8 @@ public final class DefaultSqlUpdate implements Serializable, SpiSqlUpdate {
    */
   private int addPos;
 
+  private int bindExpansion;
+
   private boolean getGeneratedKeys;
 
   private Object generatedKey;
@@ -89,7 +97,8 @@ public final class DefaultSqlUpdate implements Serializable, SpiSqlUpdate {
    */
   public DefaultSqlUpdate(SpiEbeanServer server, String sql, BindParams bindParams) {
     this.server = server;
-    this.sql = sql;
+    this.origSql = sql;
+    this.baseSql = sql;
     this.bindParams = bindParams;
   }
 
@@ -221,11 +230,21 @@ public final class DefaultSqlUpdate implements Serializable, SpiSqlUpdate {
   @Override
   public void setGeneratedSql(String generatedSql) {
     this.generatedSql = generatedSql;
+    this.baseSql = origSql;
+    if (bindExpansion > 0) {
+      bindParams.reset();
+      bindExpansion = 0;
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
   public String getSql() {
-    return sql;
+    return origSql;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getBaseSql() {
+    return baseSql;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -253,21 +272,47 @@ public final class DefaultSqlUpdate implements Serializable, SpiSqlUpdate {
     return this;
   }
 
+  private SqlUpdate setParamWithBindExpansion(int position, Collection values, String bindLiteral) {
+
+    StringBuilder sqlExpand = new StringBuilder(values.size() * 2);
+    position = position + bindExpansion;
+    int offset = 0;
+    for (Object val : values) {
+      if (offset > 0) {
+        sqlExpand.append(",");
+      }
+      sqlExpand.append("?");
+      bindParams.setParameter(position + offset++, val);
+    }
+    bindExpansion += (offset - 1);
+    baseSql = baseSql.replace(bindLiteral, sqlExpand.toString());
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public SqlUpdate setParameter(int position, Object value) {
-    bindParams.setParameter(position, value);
+
+    if (value instanceof Collection) {
+      String bindLiteral = "?" + position;
+      int pos = baseSql.indexOf(bindLiteral);
+      if (pos > -1) {
+        return setParamWithBindExpansion(position, (Collection) value, bindLiteral);
+      }
+    }
+
+    bindParams.setParameter(bindExpansion + position, value);
     return this;
   }
 
   @Override
   public SqlUpdate setNull(int position, int jdbcType) {
-    bindParams.setNullParameter(position, jdbcType);
+    bindParams.setNullParameter(bindExpansion + position, jdbcType);
     return this;
   }
 
   @Override
   public SqlUpdate setNullParameter(int position, int jdbcType) {
-    bindParams.setNullParameter(position, jdbcType);
+    bindParams.setNullParameter(bindExpansion + position, jdbcType);
     return this;
   }
 

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/core/PersistRequestBean.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.BatchedSqlException;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.DeleteMode;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.Flags;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.PersistExecute;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.SaveManyBeans;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.BeanPersistIdMap;
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocStoreUpdate;
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocStoreUpdateContext;
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
   private int pendingPostUpdateNotify;
 
   /**
-   * Set to true when post execute has occured (so includes batch flush).
+   * Set to true when post execute has occurred (so includes batch flush).
    */
   private boolean postExecute;
 
@@ -183,6 +184,11 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
    */
   private boolean complete;
 
+  /**
+   * Many to many intersection table changes that are held for later batch processing.
+   */
+  private List<SaveManyBeans> saveManyIntersections;
+
   public PersistRequestBean(SpiEbeanServer server, T bean, Object parentBean, BeanManager<T> mgr, SpiTransaction t,
                             PersistExecute persistExecute, PersistRequest.Type type, int flags) {
 
@@ -955,6 +961,13 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
     if (isLogSummary()) {
       logSummary();
     }
+    saveQueuedManyIntersection();
+  }
+
+  private void saveQueuedManyIntersection() {
+    if (saveManyIntersections != null) {
+      saveManyIntersections.forEach(SaveManyBeans::saveIntersectionBatch);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1119,6 +1132,7 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
       updatedManysOnly = true;
       setNotifyCache();
       addPostCommitListeners();
+      saveQueuedManyIntersection();
     }
     notifyCacheOnComplete();
     postUpdateNotify();
@@ -1454,4 +1468,21 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
   public String getSelectLastInsertedId() {
     return beanDescriptor.getSelectLastInsertedId(publish);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the intersection table updates should be queued and batched.
+   */
+  public boolean isQueueManyIntersection() {
+    return !postExecute;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The intersection table updates to the batch executed later on postExecute.
+   */
+  public void addManyIntersection(SaveManyBeans saveManyIntersection) {
+    if (this.saveManyIntersections == null) {
+      this.saveManyIntersections = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+    this.saveManyIntersections.add(saveManyIntersection);
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/core/PersistRequestUpdateSql.java

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiEbeanServer;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiTransaction;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.Str;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.BatchControl;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.PersistExecute;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.TrimLogSql;
 
 /**
  * Persist request specifically for CallableSql.
@@ -24,12 +27,12 @@ public final class PersistRequestUpdateSql extends PersistRequest {
 
   private String tableName;
 
-  private String description;
-
   private boolean addBatch;
 
   private boolean forceNoBatch;
 
+  private boolean batchThisRequest;
+
   public PersistRequestUpdateSql(SpiEbeanServer server, SpiSqlUpdate sqlUpdate,
                                  SpiTransaction t, PersistExecute persistExecute, boolean forceNoBatch) {
 
@@ -58,6 +61,25 @@ public final class PersistRequestUpdateSql extends PersistRequest {
     return executeOrQueue();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Execute using jdbc batch.
+   */
+  public void executeAddBatch() {
+    this.addBatch = true;
+    persistExecute.executeSqlUpdate(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add this request to BatchControl to flush later.
+   */
+  public void addToFlushQueue(boolean early) {
+    BatchControl control = transaction.getBatchControl();
+    if (control == null) {
+      control = persistExecute.createBatchControl(transaction);
+    }
+    control.addToFlushQueue(this, early);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public int executeNow() {
     return persistExecute.executeSqlUpdate(this);
@@ -104,10 +126,9 @@ public final class PersistRequestUpdateSql extends PersistRequest {
    * Specify the type of statement executed. Used to automatically register
    * with the transaction event.
    */
-  public void setType(SqlType sqlType, String tableName, String description) {
+  public void setType(SqlType sqlType, String tableName) {
     this.sqlType = sqlType;
     this.tableName = tableName;
-    this.description = description;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -117,6 +138,20 @@ public final class PersistRequestUpdateSql extends PersistRequest {
     this.bindLog = bindLog;
   }
 
+  public void startBind(boolean batchThisRequest) {
+    this.batchThisRequest = batchThisRequest;
+    super.startBind(batchThisRequest);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log the sql bind used with jdbc batch.
+   */
+  public void logSqlBatchBind() {
+    if (transaction.isLogSql()) {
+      transaction.logSql(Str.add(" -- bind(", bindLog, ")"));
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Perform post execute processing.
    */
@@ -125,9 +160,8 @@ public final class PersistRequestUpdateSql extends PersistRequest {
     if (startNanos > 0) {
       persistExecute.collectSqlUpdate(label, startNanos, rowCount);
     }
-    if (transaction.isLogSummary()) {
-      String m = description + " table[" + tableName + "] rows[" + rowCount + "] bind[" + bindLog + "]";
-      transaction.logSummary(m);
+    if (transaction.isLogSql() && !batchThisRequest) {
+      transaction.logSql(Str.add(TrimLogSql.trim(updateSql.getGeneratedSql()), "; -- bind(", bindLog, ") rows(", String.valueOf(rowCount), ")"));
     }
 
     if (updateSql.isAutoTableMod()) {

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/core/Persister.java

@@ -103,6 +103,11 @@ public interface Persister {
    */
   void visitMetrics(MetricVisitor visitor);
 
+  /**
+   * Execute or queue the update.
+   */
+  void executeOrQueue(SpiSqlUpdate update, SpiTransaction t, boolean queue);
+
   /**
    * Add the statement to JDBC batch for later execution via executeBatch.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/IntersectionRow.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
-import io.ebean.SqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.BindParams;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiEbeanServer;
+import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.expression.DefaultExpressionRequest;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.expression.IdInExpression;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class IntersectionRow {
     values.put(key, value);
   }
 
-  public SqlUpdate createInsert(SpiEbeanServer server) {
+  public SpiSqlUpdate createInsert(SpiEbeanServer server) {
 
     BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public class IntersectionRow {
     return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
   }
 
-  public SqlUpdate createDelete(SpiEbeanServer server, DeleteMode deleteMode) {
+  public SpiSqlUpdate createDelete(SpiEbeanServer server, DeleteMode deleteMode) {
 
     BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public class IntersectionRow {
     return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
   }
 
-  public SqlUpdate createDeleteChildren(SpiEbeanServer server) {
+  public SpiSqlUpdate createDeleteChildren(SpiEbeanServer server) {
 
     BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
 

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/DefaultExpressionFactory.java

@@ -162,6 +162,11 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
     return new SimpleExpression(propertyName, Op.EQ, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public Expression eqOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return or(eq(propertyName, value), isNull(propertyName));
+  }
+
   /**
    * Not Equal To - property not equal to the given value.
    */
@@ -221,6 +226,11 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
     return new InRangeExpression(propertyName, value1, value2);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public Expression inRangeWith(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value) {
+    return and(le(lowProperty, value), gtOrNull(highProperty, value));
+  }
+
   /**
    * Between - property between the two given values.
    */
@@ -245,6 +255,14 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
     return new SimpleExpression(propertyName, Op.GT, value);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Greater Than or null - property greater than the given value or null.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Expression gtOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return or(gt(propertyName, value), isNull(propertyName));
+  }
+
   /**
    * Greater Than or Equal to - property greater than or equal to the given
    * value.
@@ -254,6 +272,14 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
     return new SimpleExpression(propertyName, Op.GT_EQ, value);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Less Than or null - property less than the given value or null.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Expression ltOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return or(lt(propertyName, value), isNull(propertyName));
+  }
+
   /**
    * Less Than - property less than the given value.
    */
@@ -429,6 +455,16 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
     return new InExpression(propertyName, values, false);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * In where null or empty values means that no predicate is added to the query.
+   * <p>
+   * That is, only add the IN predicate if the values are not null or empty.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Expression inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values) {
+    return new InExpression(propertyName, values, false, true);
+  }
+
   /**
    * In - property has a value in the array of values.
    */
@@ -529,7 +565,7 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
    */
   @Override
   public Expression raw(String raw, Object value) {
-    return new RawExpression(raw, new Object[]{value});
+    return RawExpressionBuilder.buildSingle(raw, value);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -541,7 +577,7 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
    */
   @Override
   public Expression raw(String raw, Object[] values) {
-    return new RawExpression(raw, values);
+    return RawExpressionBuilder.build(raw, values);
   }
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/DefaultExpressionList.java

@@ -764,6 +764,12 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> eqOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    add(expr.eqOrNull(propertyName, value));
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> ieq(String propertyName, String value) {
     add(expr.ieq(propertyName, value));
@@ -794,6 +800,12 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> inRangeWith(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value) {
+    add(expr.inRangeWith(lowProperty, highProperty, value));
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> inRange(String propertyName, Object value1, Object value2) {
     add(expr.inRange(propertyName, value1, value2));
@@ -836,6 +848,12 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> gtOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    add(expr.gtOrNull(propertyName, value));
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> icontains(String propertyName, String value) {
     add(expr.icontains(propertyName, value));
@@ -894,6 +912,14 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values) {
+    if (notEmpty(values)) {
+      add(expr.in(propertyName, values));
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> in(String propertyName, Object... values) {
     add(expr.in(propertyName, values));
@@ -990,6 +1016,12 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> ltOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    add(expr.ltOrNull(propertyName, value));
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> not(Expression exp) {
     add(expr.not(exp));
@@ -1044,6 +1076,18 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> rawOrEmpty(String raw, Collection<?> values) {
+    if (notEmpty(values)) {
+      add(expr.raw(raw, values));
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  private boolean notEmpty(Collection<?> values) {
+    return values != null && !values.isEmpty();
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> startsWith(String propertyName, String value) {
     add(expr.startsWith(propertyName, value));

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/InExpression.java

@@ -17,8 +17,16 @@ import java.util.List;
 
 class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
 
+  private static final String SQL_TRUE = "1=1";
+  private static final String SQL_FALSE = "1=0";
+
   private final boolean not;
 
+  /**
+   * Set to true when adding "1=1" predicate (due to null or empty sourceValues).
+   */
+  private final boolean empty;
+
   private final Collection<?> sourceValues;
 
   private List<Object> bindValues;
@@ -26,18 +34,27 @@ class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
   private boolean multiValueSupported;
 
   InExpression(String propertyName, Collection<?> sourceValues, boolean not) {
+    this(propertyName, sourceValues, not, false);
+  }
+
+  InExpression(String propertyName, Collection<?> sourceValues, boolean not, boolean orEmpty) {
     super(propertyName);
     this.sourceValues = sourceValues;
     this.not = not;
+    this.empty = orEmpty && (sourceValues == null || sourceValues.isEmpty());
   }
 
   InExpression(String propertyName, Object[] array, boolean not) {
     super(propertyName);
     this.sourceValues = Arrays.asList(array);
     this.not = not;
+    this.empty = false;
   }
 
   private List<Object> values() {
+    if (empty || sourceValues == null) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
     List<Object> vals = new ArrayList<>(sourceValues.size());
     for (Object sourceValue : sourceValues) {
       assert sourceValue != null : "null is not allowed in in-queries";
@@ -48,8 +65,8 @@ class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
 
   @Override
   public boolean naturalKey(NaturalKeyQueryData<?> data) {
-    // can't use naturalKey cache for NOT IN
-    if (not) {
+    // can't use naturalKey cache for NOT IN or when "empty"
+    if (not || empty) {
       return false;
     }
     List<Object> copy = data.matchIn(propName, bindValues);
@@ -70,11 +87,16 @@ class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
 
   @Override
   public void writeDocQuery(DocQueryContext context) throws IOException {
-    context.writeIn(propName, values().toArray(), not);
+    if (!empty) {
+      context.writeIn(propName, values().toArray(), not);
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
   public void addBindValues(SpiExpressionRequest request) {
+    if (empty) {
+      return;
+    }
     for (Object value : bindValues) {
       if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException("null values in 'in(...)' queries must be handled separately!");
@@ -108,10 +130,12 @@ class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
 
   @Override
   public void addSql(SpiExpressionRequest request) {
-
+    if (empty) {
+      request.append(SQL_TRUE);
+      return;
+    }
     if (bindValues.isEmpty()) {
-      String expr = not ? "1=1" : "1=0";
-      request.append(expr);
+      request.append(not ? SQL_TRUE : SQL_FALSE);
       return;
     }
 
@@ -142,10 +166,14 @@ class InExpression extends AbstractExpression {
       builder.append("In[");
     }
     builder.append(propName);
-    builder.append(" ?");
-    if (!multiValueSupported) {
-      // query plan specific to the number of parameters in the IN clause
-      builder.append(bindValues.size());
+    if (empty) {
+      builder.append("empty");
+    } else {
+      builder.append(" ?");
+      if (!multiValueSupported) {
+        // query plan specific to the number of parameters in the IN clause
+        builder.append(bindValues.size());
+      }
     }
     builder.append("]");
   }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/JunctionExpression.java

@@ -280,6 +280,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.and(expOne, expTwo);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> inRangeWith(String lowProperty, String highProperty, Object value) {
+    return exprList.inRangeWith(lowProperty, highProperty, value);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> inRange(String propertyName, Object value1, Object value2) {
     return exprList.inRange(propertyName, value1, value2);
@@ -310,6 +315,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.eq(propertyName, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> eqOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return exprList.eqOrNull(propertyName, value);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> exampleLike(Object example) {
     return exprList.exampleLike(example);
@@ -597,6 +607,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.gt(propertyName, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> gtOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return exprList.gtOrNull(propertyName, value);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> having() {
     throw new IllegalStateException("having() not allowed on Junction expression list");
@@ -657,6 +672,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.in(propertyName, values);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> inOrEmpty(String propertyName, Collection<?> values) {
+    return exprList.inOrEmpty(propertyName, values);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> in(String propertyName, Object... values) {
     return exprList.in(propertyName, values);
@@ -732,6 +752,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.lt(propertyName, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> ltOrNull(String propertyName, Object value) {
+    return exprList.ltOrNull(propertyName, value);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> ne(String propertyName, Object value) {
     return exprList.ne(propertyName, value);
@@ -782,6 +807,11 @@ class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expression
     return exprList.raw(raw, values);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public ExpressionList<T> rawOrEmpty(String raw, Collection<?> values) {
+    return exprList.rawOrEmpty(raw, values);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public ExpressionList<T> raw(String raw) {
     return exprList.raw(raw);

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/RawExpression.java

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 
 class RawExpression extends NonPrepareExpression {
 
-  private final String sql;
+  final String sql;
 
-  private final Object[] values;
+  final Object[] values;
 
   RawExpression(String sql, Object[] values) {
     this.sql = sql;

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/expression/RawExpressionBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.expression;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+class RawExpressionBuilder {
+
+  private static final String BP_1 = "?1";
+
+  private static final String[] BP = {BP_1, "?2", "?3", "?4", "?5", "?6", "?7", "?8",
+    "?9", "?10", "?11", "?12", "?13", "?14", "?15", "?16", "?17", "?18", "?19", "?20"};
+
+  /**
+   * Build RawExpression taking into account parameter expansion.
+   */
+  static RawExpression buildSingle(String raw, Object value) {
+    if (isExpand(value, raw, BP_1)) {
+      Collection val = (Collection) value;
+      raw = raw.replace(BP_1, expand(val));
+      return new RawExpression(raw, val.toArray());
+    }
+    return new RawExpression(raw, new Object[]{value});
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build RawExpression for multiple bind values taking into account parameter expansion.
+   */
+  static RawExpression build(String raw, Object[] values) {
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+      if (isExpand(values[i], raw, match(i))) {
+        return new RawExpressionBuilder(raw, values).build();
+      }
+    }
+    return new RawExpression(raw, values);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this value is a collection that should be expanded.
+   */
+  private static boolean isExpand(Object value, String raw, String bindMatch) {
+    return value instanceof Collection && raw.contains(bindMatch);
+  }
+
+  private static String match(int i) {
+    if (i < 20) {
+      return BP[i];
+    }
+    return "?" + (i + 1);
+  }
+
+  private static String expand(Collection values) {
+
+    StringBuilder sqlExpand = new StringBuilder(values.size() * 2);
+    for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        sqlExpand.append(",");
+      }
+      sqlExpand.append("?");
+    }
+    return sqlExpand.toString();
+  }
+
+  private final String expanded;
+
+  private final List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  private RawExpressionBuilder(String raw, Object[] values) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+      String match = match(i);
+      if (!isExpand(values[i], raw, match)) {
+        params.add(values[i]);
+      } else {
+        Collection val = (Collection) values[i];
+        params.addAll(val);
+        raw = raw.replace(match, expand(val));
+      }
+    }
+    this.expanded = raw;
+  }
+
+  private RawExpression build() {
+    return new RawExpression(expanded, params.toArray());
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/lib/util/Str.java

@@ -15,14 +15,16 @@ public class Str {
     // determine a decent buffer size
     int len = 16 + s0.length() + s1.length();
     for (String arg1 : args) {
-      len += arg1.length();
+      len += (arg1 == null) ? 0 : arg1.length();
     }
 
     // append all the strings into the buffer
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len);
     sb.append(s0).append(s1);
     for (String arg : args) {
-      sb.append(arg);
+      if (arg != null) {
+        sb.append(arg);
+      }
     }
     return sb.toString();
   }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/BatchControl.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.persist;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiTransaction;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequest;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequestBean;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequestUpdateSql;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocOne;
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
  * Controls the batch ordering of persist requests.
@@ -67,6 +69,10 @@ public final class BatchControl {
    * Size of the largest buffer.
    */
   private int bufferMax;
+  private int topCounter;
+
+  private Queue earlyQueue;
+  private Queue lateQueue;
 
   /**
    * Create for a given transaction, PersistExecute, default size and getGeneratedKeys.
@@ -224,14 +230,14 @@ public final class BatchControl {
    * Flush without resetting the topOrder (maintains the depth info).
    */
   public void flush() throws BatchedSqlException {
-    flush(false);
+    flushBuffer(false);
   }
 
   /**
    * Flush with a reset the topOrder (fully empty the batch).
    */
   public void flushReset() throws BatchedSqlException {
-    flush(true);
+    flushBuffer(true);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -241,12 +247,25 @@ public final class BatchControl {
     pstmtHolder.clear();
     beanHoldMap.clear();
     maxDepth = 0;
+    topCounter = 0;
+  }
+
+  private void flushBuffer(boolean resetTop) throws BatchedSqlException {
+    flushInternal(resetTop);
+    flushQueue(earlyQueue);
+    flushQueue(lateQueue);
+  }
+
+  private void flushQueue(Queue queue) throws BatchedSqlException {
+    if (queue != null && queue.flush() && !pstmtHolder.isEmpty()) {
+      flushPstmtHolder();
+    }
   }
 
   /**
    * execute all the requests currently queued or batched.
    */
-  private void flush(boolean resetTop) throws BatchedSqlException {
+  private void flushInternal(boolean resetTop) throws BatchedSqlException {
 
     try {
       bufferMax = 0;
@@ -302,10 +321,8 @@ public final class BatchControl {
         if (maybe != -1) {
           beanDepth = maybe;
         } else {
-          // we can't be certain of the relative ordering for this type so
-          // flush and reset the batch as we are changing the type of our top level
-          // bean so just keep it simple and flush and reset the top
-          flushReset();
+          // additional "top level" bean type ordered by save() order
+          beanDepth += ++topCounter;
         }
       }
 
@@ -367,4 +384,43 @@ public final class BatchControl {
   public int[] execute(String key, boolean getGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
     return pstmtHolder.execute(key, getGeneratedKeys);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a SqlUpdate request to execute after flush.
+   */
+  public void addToFlushQueue(PersistRequestUpdateSql request, boolean early) {
+    if (early) {
+      // add it to the early queue
+      if (earlyQueue == null) {
+        earlyQueue = new Queue();
+      }
+      earlyQueue.add(request);
+    } else {
+      // add it to the late queue
+      if (lateQueue == null) {
+        lateQueue = new Queue();
+      }
+      lateQueue.add(request);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class Queue {
+
+    private final List<PersistRequestUpdateSql> queue = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    boolean flush() {
+      if (queue.isEmpty()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (PersistRequestUpdateSql request : queue) {
+        request.executeAddBatch();
+      }
+      queue.clear();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    void add(PersistRequestUpdateSql request) {
+      queue.add(request);
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/Binder.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import io.ebeaninternal.server.expression.platform.DbExpressionHandler;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.platform.MultiValueBind;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.DataBind;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.DataReader;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.PostgresHelper;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.RsetDataReader;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarType;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.type.TypeManager;
@@ -374,6 +375,11 @@ public class Binder {
           b.setObject(data);
           break;
 
+        case DbPlatformType.INET:
+          // data is always a String at this point
+          b.setObject(PostgresHelper.asInet(data.toString()));
+          break;
+
         case java.sql.Types.OTHER:
           b.setObject(data, dataType);
           break;

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/DefaultPersister.java

@@ -141,12 +141,24 @@ public final class DefaultPersister implements Persister {
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void executeOrQueue(SpiSqlUpdate update, SpiTransaction t, boolean queue) {
+    if (queue) {
+      addToFlushQueue(update, t, false);
+    } else {
+      executeSqlUpdate(update, t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void addToFlushQueue(SpiSqlUpdate update, SpiTransaction t, boolean early) {
+    new PersistRequestUpdateSql(server, update, t, persistExecute).addToFlushQueue(early);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Execute the updateSql.
    */
   @Override
   public int executeSqlUpdate(SqlUpdate updSql, Transaction t) {
-
     return executeOrQueue(new PersistRequestUpdateSql(server, (SpiSqlUpdate) updSql, (SpiTransaction) t, persistExecute));
   }
 
@@ -958,12 +970,19 @@ public final class DefaultPersister implements Persister {
     }
   }
 
-  void deleteAssocManyIntersection(EntityBean bean, BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, Transaction t, boolean publish) {
+  void deleteManyIntersection(EntityBean bean, BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, SpiTransaction t, boolean publish, boolean queue) {
 
-    // delete all intersection rows for this bean
+    SpiSqlUpdate sqlDelete = deleteAllIntersection(bean, many, publish);
+    if (queue) {
+      addToFlushQueue(sqlDelete, t, true);
+    } else {
+      executeSqlUpdate(sqlDelete, t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private SpiSqlUpdate deleteAllIntersection(EntityBean bean, BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, boolean publish) {
     IntersectionRow intRow = many.buildManyToManyDeleteChildren(bean, publish);
-    SqlUpdate sqlDelete = intRow.createDeleteChildren(server);
-    executeSqlUpdate(sqlDelete, t);
+    return intRow.createDeleteChildren(server);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1012,7 +1031,7 @@ public final class DefaultPersister implements Persister {
       if (many.hasJoinTable()) {
         if (deleteMode.isHard()) {
           // delete associated rows from intersection table (but not during soft delete)
-          deleteAssocManyIntersection(parentBean, many, t, request.isPublish());
+          deleteManyIntersection(parentBean, many, t, request.isPublish(), false);
         }
       } else {
 

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/ExeUpdateSql.java

@@ -87,23 +87,16 @@ class ExeUpdateSql {
     SpiSqlUpdate updateSql = request.getUpdateSql();
     SpiTransaction t = request.getTransaction();
 
-    String sql = updateSql.getSql();
-
     BindParams bindParams = updateSql.getBindParams();
 
     // process named parameters if required
+    String sql = updateSql.getBaseSql();
     sql = BindParamsParser.parse(bindParams, sql);
-    updateSql.setGeneratedSql(sql);
-
-    boolean logSql = request.isLogSql();
 
     PreparedStatement pstmt;
     if (batchThisRequest) {
-      pstmt = pstmtFactory.getPstmt(t, logSql, sql, request);
+      pstmt = pstmtFactory.getPstmt(t, request.isLogSql(), sql, request);
     } else {
-      if (logSql) {
-        t.logSql(TrimLogSql.trim(sql));
-      }
       pstmt = pstmtFactory.getPstmt(t, sql, request.isGetGeneratedKeys());
     }
 
@@ -117,9 +110,13 @@ class ExeUpdateSql {
     }
 
     request.setBindLog(bindLog);
+    updateSql.setGeneratedSql(sql);
 
     // derive the statement type (for TransactionEvent)
     parseUpdate(sql, request);
+    if (batchThisRequest) {
+      request.logSqlBatchBind();
+    }
     return pstmt;
   }
 
@@ -127,16 +124,16 @@ class ExeUpdateSql {
   private void determineType(String word1, String word2, String word3, PersistRequestUpdateSql request) {
 
     if (word1.equalsIgnoreCase("UPDATE")) {
-      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UPDATE, word2, "UpdateSql");
+      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UPDATE, word2);
 
     } else if (word1.equalsIgnoreCase("DELETE")) {
-      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_DELETE, word3, "DeleteSql");
+      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_DELETE, word3);
 
     } else if (word1.equalsIgnoreCase("INSERT")) {
-      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_INSERT, word3, "InsertSql");
+      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_INSERT, word3);
 
     } else {
-      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UNKNOWN, null, "UnknownSql");
+      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UNKNOWN, null);
     }
   }
 
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ class ExeUpdateSql {
     if (spaceCount < 2) {
       // unknown so no automatic L2 cache invalidation performed (so it should instead)
       // be done explicitly via the server.externalModification() method
-      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UNKNOWN, null, "UnknownSql");
+      request.setType(SqlType.SQL_UNKNOWN, null);
 
     } else {
       // try to determine if it is insert, update or delete and the table involved

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/SaveManyBeans.java

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.persist;
 
-import io.ebean.SqlUpdate;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequest;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequestBean;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanCollectionUtil;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 /**
  * Saves the details for a OneToMany or ManyToMany relationship (entity beans).
  */
-class SaveManyBeans extends SaveManyBase {
+public class SaveManyBeans extends SaveManyBase {
 
   private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SaveManyBeans.class);
 
@@ -244,14 +244,29 @@ class SaveManyBeans extends SaveManyBase {
     if (value == null) {
       return;
     }
+    if (request.isQueueManyIntersection()) {
+      // queue/delay until bean persist request is flushed
+      this.deleteMissing = deleteMissingChildren;
+      request.addManyIntersection(this);
+    } else {
+      saveAssocManyIntersection(deleteMissingChildren, false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Push intersection table changes onto batch flush queue.
+   */
+  public void saveIntersectionBatch() {
+    saveAssocManyIntersection(deleteMissing, true);
+  }
+
+  private void saveAssocManyIntersection(boolean deleteMissingChildren, boolean queue) {
 
-    //SpiTransaction t = saveManyPropRequest.getTransaction();
     boolean vanillaCollection = !(value instanceof BeanCollection<?>);
-
     if (vanillaCollection || deleteMissingChildren) {
       // delete all intersection rows and then treat all
       // beans in the collection as additions
-      persister.deleteAssocManyIntersection(parentBean, many, transaction, publish);
+      persister.deleteManyIntersection(parentBean, many, transaction, publish, queue);
     }
 
     Collection<?> deletions = null;
@@ -287,10 +302,6 @@ class SaveManyBeans extends SaveManyBase {
     transaction.depth(+1);
 
     if (additions != null && !additions.isEmpty()) {
-      // ensure any cascade batch has been flushed prior
-      // to inserting into the intersection table
-      transaction.flushBatch();
-
       for (Object other : additions) {
         EntityBean otherBean = (EntityBean) other;
         // the object from the 'other' side of the ManyToMany
@@ -309,24 +320,20 @@ class SaveManyBeans extends SaveManyBase {
           } else {
             // build a intersection row for 'insert'
             IntersectionRow intRow = many.buildManyToManyMapBean(parentBean, otherBean, publish);
-            SqlUpdate sqlInsert = intRow.createInsert(server);
-            persister.executeSqlUpdate(sqlInsert, transaction);
+            SpiSqlUpdate sqlInsert = intRow.createInsert(server);
+            persister.executeOrQueue(sqlInsert, transaction, queue);
           }
         }
       }
     }
     if (deletions != null && !deletions.isEmpty()) {
-      // ensure any cascade batch has been flushed prior
-      // to inserting into the intersection table
-      transaction.flushBatch();
-
       for (Object other : deletions) {
         EntityBean otherDelete = (EntityBean) other;
         // the object from the 'other' side of the ManyToMany
         // build a intersection row for 'delete'
         IntersectionRow intRow = many.buildManyToManyMapBean(parentBean, otherDelete, publish);
-        SqlUpdate sqlDelete = intRow.createDelete(server, DeleteMode.HARD);
-        persister.executeSqlUpdate(sqlDelete, transaction);
+        SpiSqlUpdate sqlDelete = intRow.createDelete(server, DeleteMode.HARD);
+        persister.executeOrQueue(sqlDelete, transaction, queue);
       }
     }
 

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/platform/AbstractMultiValueBind.java

@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ abstract class AbstractMultiValueBind extends MultiValueBind {
         //case NCLOB:
       case NCHAR:
       case NVARCHAR:
-        return "varchar";
-      case ExtraDbTypes.UUID: // Db Native UUID
+      case ExtraDbTypes.UUID: // Postgres cast to uuid[]
+      case ExtraDbTypes.INET: // Postgres cast to inet[]
         return "varchar";
 
       default:

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/persist/platform/PostgresMultiValueBind.java

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ public class PostgresMultiValueBind extends AbstractMultiValueBind {
     if (dbType == ExtraDbTypes.UUID) {
       return (not) ? " != all(?::uuid[])" : " = any(?::uuid[])";
     }
+    if (dbType == ExtraDbTypes.INET) {
+      return (not) ? " != all(?::inet[])" : " = any(?::inet[])";
+    }
     String arrayType = getArrayType(dbType);
     if (arrayType == null) {
       return super.getInExpression(not, type, size);

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ConvertInetAddresses.java

@@ -334,6 +334,24 @@ public final class ConvertInetAddresses {
     return ip.getHostAddress();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the host address without the square brackets around IPv6 addresses.
+   */
+  public static String toHostAddress(InetAddress ip) {
+    return ip.getHostAddress();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse the IPv4 or IPv6 address without quare brackets around IPv6 addresses.
+   */
+  public static InetAddress fromHost(String hostAddr) {
+    if (hostAddr.startsWith("[")) {
+      // IPv6 address
+      hostAddr = hostAddr.substring(1, hostAddr.length() - 1);
+    }
+    return forString(hostAddr);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns an InetAddress representing the literal IPv4 or IPv6 host
    * portion of a URL, encoded in the format specified by RFC 3986 section 3.2.2.

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/DefaultTypeManager.java

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import io.ebean.config.ScalarTypeConverter;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DatabasePlatform;
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbPlatformType;
+import io.ebean.types.Cdir;
+import io.ebean.types.Inet;
 import io.ebean.util.AnnotationUtil;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.ExtraTypeFactory;
 import io.ebeaninternal.dbmigration.DbOffline;
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URL;
@@ -128,7 +132,6 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
 
   private final ScalarType<?> dateType = new ScalarTypeDate();
 
-  private final ScalarType<?> inetAddressType = new ScalarTypeInetAddress();
   private final ScalarType<?> urlType = new ScalarTypeURL();
   private final ScalarType<?> uriType = new ScalarTypeURI();
   private final ScalarType<?> localeType = new ScalarTypeLocale();
@@ -660,11 +663,10 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
       DbEnumValue dbValue = AnnotationUtil.findAnnotation(method, DbEnumValue.class);
       if (dbValue != null) {
         boolean integerValues = DbEnumType.INTEGER == dbValue.storage();
-        return createEnumScalarTypeDbValue(enumType, method, integerValues);
+        return createEnumScalarTypeDbValue(enumType, method, integerValues, dbValue.length());
       }
     }
 
-
     // look for EnumValue annotations instead
     return createEnumScalarType2(enumType);
   }
@@ -675,7 +677,7 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
    * Return null if the EnumValue annotations are not present/used.
    * </p>
    */
-  private ScalarTypeEnum<?> createEnumScalarTypeDbValue(Class<? extends Enum<?>> enumType, Method method, boolean integerType) {
+  private ScalarTypeEnum<?> createEnumScalarTypeDbValue(Class<? extends Enum<?>> enumType, Method method, boolean integerType, int length) {
 
     Map<String, String> nameValueMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
@@ -693,7 +695,7 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
       return null;
     }
 
-    return createEnumScalarType(enumType, nameValueMap, integerType, 0);
+    return createEnumScalarType(enumType, nameValueMap, integerType, length);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -975,8 +977,21 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
       addType(UUID.class, uuidType);
     }
 
+    if (offlineMigrationGeneration || (postgres && !config.getPlatformConfig().isDatabaseInetAddressVarchar())) {
+      addInetAddressType(new ScalarTypeInetAddressPostgres());
+    } else {
+      addInetAddressType(new ScalarTypeInetAddress());
+    }
+
+    if (offlineMigrationGeneration || postgres) {
+      addType(Cdir.class, new ScalarTypeCdir.Postgres());
+      addType(Inet.class, new ScalarTypeInet.Postgres());
+    } else {
+      addType(Cdir.class, new ScalarTypeCdir.Varchar());
+      addType(Inet.class, new ScalarTypeInet.Varchar());
+    }
+
     addType(File.class, fileType);
-    addType(InetAddress.class, inetAddressType);
     addType(Locale.class, localeType);
     addType(Currency.class, currencyType);
     addType(TimeZone.class, timeZoneType);
@@ -1063,4 +1078,10 @@ public final class DefaultTypeManager implements TypeManager {
     nativeMap.put(Types.TIMESTAMP, timestampType);
   }
 
+  private void addInetAddressType(ScalarType scalarType) {
+    addType(InetAddress.class, scalarType);
+    addType(Inet4Address.class, scalarType);
+    addType(Inet6Address.class, scalarType);
+  }
+
 }

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/PostgresHelper.java

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ public class PostgresHelper {
    */
   public static final String JSONB_TYPE = "jsonb";
 
+  public static final String INET_TYPE = "inet";
+
+  public static Object asInet(String value) throws SQLException {
+    return asObject(INET_TYPE, value);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Construct and return Postgres specific PG object.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeArrayBase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.type;
+
+import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.mapping.DocPropertyType;
+
+import java.sql.Array;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+abstract class ScalarTypeArrayBase<T> extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<T> {
+
+  ScalarTypeArrayBase(Class<T> type, int dbType, DocPropertyType docPropertyType) {
+    super(type, dbType, docPropertyType);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public T read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
+    Array array = reader.getArray();
+    if (array == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      try {
+        return fromArray((Object[]) array.getArray());
+      } finally {
+        array.free();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected abstract T fromArray(Object[] array1);
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeArrayList.java

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.mapping.DocPropertyType;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.sql.Array;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.sql.Types;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ import java.util.UUID;
  * Type mapped for DB ARRAY type (Postgres only effectively).
  */
 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
-public class ScalarTypeArrayList extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<List> implements ScalarTypeArray {
+public class ScalarTypeArrayList extends ScalarTypeArrayBase<List> implements ScalarTypeArray {
 
   private static ScalarTypeArrayList UUID = new ScalarTypeArrayList("uuid", DocPropertyType.UUID, ArrayElementConverter.UUID);
   private static ScalarTypeArrayList LONG = new ScalarTypeArrayList("bigint", DocPropertyType.LONG, ArrayElementConverter.LONG);
@@ -101,7 +100,8 @@ public class ScalarTypeArrayList extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<List> implemen
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private List fromArray(Object[] array1) {
+  @Override
+  protected List fromArray(Object[] array1) {
     List list = new ArrayList(array1.length);
     for (Object element : array1) {
       list.add(converter.toElement(element));
@@ -113,16 +113,6 @@ public class ScalarTypeArrayList extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<List> implemen
     return converter.toDbArray(value.toArray());
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public List read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
-    Array array = reader.getArray();
-    if (array == null) {
-      return null;
-    } else {
-      return fromArray((Object[]) array.getArray());
-    }
-  }
-
   @Override
   public void bind(DataBind bind, List value) throws SQLException {
     if (value == null) {

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeArraySet.java

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.mapping.DocPropertyType;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.sql.Array;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.sql.Types;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ import java.util.UUID;
 /**
  * Type mapped for DB ARRAY type (Postgres only effectively).
  */
-public class ScalarTypeArraySet<T> extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<Set<T>> implements ScalarTypeArray {
+public class ScalarTypeArraySet<T> extends ScalarTypeArrayBase<Set<T>> implements ScalarTypeArray {
 
   private static final ScalarTypeArraySet<UUID> UUID = new ScalarTypeArraySet<>("uuid", DocPropertyType.UUID, ArrayElementConverter.UUID);
   private static final ScalarTypeArraySet<Long> LONG = new ScalarTypeArraySet<>("bigint", DocPropertyType.LONG, ArrayElementConverter.LONG);
@@ -100,7 +99,8 @@ public class ScalarTypeArraySet<T> extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<Set<T>> impl
     return arrayType + "[]";
   }
 
-  private Set<T> fromArray(Object[] array1) {
+  @Override
+  protected Set<T> fromArray(Object[] array1) {
     Set<T> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
     for (Object element : array1) {
       set.add(converter.toElement(element));
@@ -112,16 +112,6 @@ public class ScalarTypeArraySet<T> extends ScalarTypeJsonCollection<Set<T>> impl
     return converter.toDbArray(value.toArray());
   }
 
-  @Override
-  public Set<T> read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
-    Array array = reader.getArray();
-    if (array == null) {
-      return null;
-    } else {
-      return fromArray((Object[]) array.getArray());
-    }
-  }
-
   @Override
   public void bind(DataBind bind, Set<T> value) throws SQLException {
     if (value == null) {

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeCdir.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.type;
+
+import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.ExtraDbTypes;
+import io.ebean.types.Cdir;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Types;
+
+/**
+ * ScalarType for Cdir to Varchar or Postgres CDIR.
+ */
+public abstract class ScalarTypeCdir extends ScalarTypeBaseVarchar<Cdir> {
+
+  ScalarTypeCdir() {
+    super(Cdir.class, false, ExtraDbTypes.INET);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public abstract void bind(DataBind b, Cdir value) throws SQLException;
+
+  @Override
+  public Cdir convertFromDbString(String dbValue) {
+    return parse(dbValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String convertToDbString(Cdir beanValue) {
+    return formatValue(beanValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String formatValue(Cdir value) {
+    return value.getAddress();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Cdir parse(String value) {
+    return new Cdir(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cdir to Varchar.
+   */
+  public static class Varchar extends ScalarTypeCdir {
+
+    @Override
+    public void bind(DataBind b, Cdir value) throws SQLException {
+      if (value == null) {
+        b.setNull(Types.VARCHAR);
+      } else {
+        b.setString(convertToDbString(value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cdir to Postgres CDIR.
+   */
+  public static class Postgres extends ScalarTypeCdir {
+
+    @Override
+    public void bind(DataBind b, Cdir value) throws SQLException {
+      if (value == null) {
+        b.setNull(Types.OTHER);
+      } else {
+        String strValue = convertToDbString(value);
+        b.setObject(PostgresHelper.asInet(strValue));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeInet.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.type;
+
+import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.ExtraDbTypes;
+import io.ebean.types.Inet;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Types;
+
+/**
+ * ScalarType for Inet to Varchar or Postgres INET.
+ */
+public abstract class ScalarTypeInet extends ScalarTypeBaseVarchar<Inet> {
+
+  ScalarTypeInet(int jdbcType) {
+    super(Inet.class, false, jdbcType);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public abstract void bind(DataBind b, Inet value) throws SQLException;
+
+  @Override
+  public Inet convertFromDbString(String dbValue) {
+    return parse(dbValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String convertToDbString(Inet beanValue) {
+    return formatValue(beanValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String formatValue(Inet value) {
+    return value.getAddress();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Inet parse(String value) {
+    return new Inet(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inet to Varchar.
+   */
+  public static class Varchar extends ScalarTypeInet {
+
+    Varchar() {
+      super(Types.VARCHAR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void bind(DataBind b, Inet value) throws SQLException {
+      if (value == null) {
+        b.setNull(Types.VARCHAR);
+      } else {
+        b.setString(convertToDbString(value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inet to Postgres INET.
+   */
+  public static class Postgres extends ScalarTypeInet {
+
+    Postgres() {
+      super(ExtraDbTypes.INET);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void bind(DataBind b, Inet value) throws SQLException {
+      if (value == null) {
+        b.setNull(Types.OTHER);
+      } else {
+        String strValue = convertToDbString(value);
+        b.setObject(PostgresHelper.asInet(strValue));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebeaninternal/server/type/ScalarTypeInetAddressPostgres.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.type;
+
+import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.ExtraDbTypes;
+import io.ebean.text.TextException;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Types;
+
+/**
+ * ScalarType for InetAddress to Postgres INET.
+ */
+public class ScalarTypeInetAddressPostgres extends ScalarTypeBaseVarchar<InetAddress> {
+
+  public ScalarTypeInetAddressPostgres() {
+    super(InetAddress.class, false, ExtraDbTypes.INET);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void bind(DataBind b, InetAddress value) throws SQLException {
+    if (value == null) {
+      b.setNull(Types.OTHER);
+    } else {
+      String strValue = convertToDbString(value);
+      b.setObject(PostgresHelper.asInet(strValue));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InetAddress convertFromDbString(String dbValue) {
+    try {
+      return parse(dbValue);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Error with InetAddresses [" + dbValue + "] " + e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String convertToDbString(InetAddress beanValue) {
+    return formatValue(beanValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String formatValue(InetAddress v) {
+    return ConvertInetAddresses.toHostAddress(v);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InetAddress parse(String value) {
+    try {
+      return ConvertInetAddresses.fromHost(value);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new TextException("Error with InetAddresses [{}]", value, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+}

src/test/java/io/ebean/BaseTestCase.java

@@ -94,6 +94,16 @@ public abstract class BaseTestCase {
     return trimSql(query.getGeneratedSql(), columns);
   }
 
+  protected void assertSqlBind(List<String> sql, int i) {
+    assertThat(sql.get(i)).contains("-- bind");
+  }
+
+  protected void assertSqlBind(List<String> sql, int from, int to) {
+    for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
+      assertThat(sql.get(i)).contains("-- bind");
+    }
+  }
+
   protected String trimSql(String sql) {
 
     if (sql.contains(" c1,")) {

src/test/java/io/ebean/DtoQueryFromOrmTest.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class DtoQueryFromOrmTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
   @AfterClass
   public static void reportStats() {
-    BasicMetricVisitor basic = Ebean.getDefaultServer().getMetaInfoManager().visitBasic();
+    BasicMetricVisitor basic = DB.getDefault().getMetaInfoManager().visitBasic();
     for (MetaQueryMetric metric : basic.getDtoQueryMetrics()) {
       System.out.println(metric);
     }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class DtoQueryFromOrmTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     if (isSqlServer()) {
       assertThat(sql.get(0)).contains("select top 10 t0.email, " + concat("t0.last_name", ", ", "t0.first_name")
-          + " fullName from contact t0 where t0.email is not null  and t0.last_name is not null  order by t0.last_name");
+          + " fullName from contact t0 where t0.email is not null and t0.last_name is not null order by t0.last_name");
 
     } else {
       assertThat(sql.get(0)).contains("select t0.email, " + concat("t0.last_name", ", ", "t0.first_name")
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public class DtoQueryFromOrmTest extends BaseTestCase {
     if (isSqlServer()) {
       assertThat(sql.get(0)).contains("select top 10 t0.id, t0.email, "
           + concat("t0.last_name", ", ", "t0.first_name")
-          + " fullName from contact t0 where t0.email is not null  and t0.last_name is not null  order by t0.last_name");
+          + " fullName from contact t0 where t0.email is not null and t0.last_name is not null order by t0.last_name");
     } else {
       assertThat(sql.get(0)).contains("select t0.id, t0.email, " + concat("t0.last_name", ", ", "t0.first_name")
           + " fullName from contact t0 where t0.email is not null and t0.last_name is not null order by t0.last_name");

src/test/java/io/ebean/DtoQueryTest.java

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public class DtoQueryTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     List<Integer> ids = Arrays.asList(1, 2);
 
-    List<SqlRow> list = server().createSqlQuery("select id, name from o_customer where id = any(?)")
+    List<SqlRow> list = DB.sqlQuery("select id, name from o_customer where id = any(?)")
       .setParameter(1, ids)
       .findList();
 

src/test/java/io/ebean/EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest.java

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     List<EBasicVer> someBeans = beans(3);
 
-    Ebean.saveAll(someBeans);
+    DB.saveAll(someBeans);
     List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
     for (EBasicVer someBean : someBeans) {
       ids.add(someBean.getId());
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     // act
     LoggedSqlCollector.start();
-    Ebean.deleteAll(EBasicVer.class, ids);
+    DB.deleteAll(EBasicVer.class, ids);
 
     List<String> loggedSql = LoggedSqlCollector.stop();
     assertThat(loggedSql).hasSize(1);
@@ -37,21 +37,18 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     List<EBasicVer> someBeans = beans(3);
 
-    Ebean.saveAll(someBeans);
+    DB.saveAll(someBeans);
     List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
     for (EBasicVer someBean : someBeans) {
       ids.add(someBean.getId());
     }
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
+    Database db = DB.getDefault();
     // act
     LoggedSqlCollector.start();
-    Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction();
-    try {
-      server.deleteAll(EBasicVer.class, ids, txn);
+    try (Transaction txn = db.beginTransaction()) {
+      db.deleteAll(EBasicVer.class, ids, txn);
       txn.commit();
-    } finally {
-      txn.end();
     }
     List<String> loggedSql = LoggedSqlCollector.stop();
     assertThat(loggedSql).hasSize(1);
@@ -63,7 +60,7 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     List<EBasicVer> someBeans = beans(3);
 
-    Ebean.saveAll(someBeans);
+    DB.saveAll(someBeans);
     List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
     for (EBasicVer someBean : someBeans) {
       ids.add(someBean.getId());
@@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     LoggedSqlCollector.start();
 
-    Ebean.deleteAllPermanent(EBasicVer.class, ids);
+    DB.deleteAllPermanent(EBasicVer.class, ids);
 
     List<String> loggedSql = LoggedSqlCollector.stop();
     assertThat(loggedSql).hasSize(1);
@@ -84,21 +81,18 @@ public class EbeanServer_deleteAllByIdTest extends BaseTestCase {
 
     List<EBasicVer> someBeans = beans(3);
 
-    Ebean.saveAll(someBeans);
+    DB.saveAll(someBeans);
     List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
     for (EBasicVer someBean : someBeans) {
       ids.add(someBean.getId());
     }
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
+    Database db = DB.getDefault();
     // act
     LoggedSqlCollector.start();
-    Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction();
-    try {
-      server.deleteAllPermanent(EBasicVer.class, ids, txn);
+    try (Transaction txn = db.beginTransaction()) {
+      db.deleteAllPermanent(EBasicVer.class, ids, txn);
       txn.commit();
-    } finally {
-      txn.end();
     }
     List<String> loggedSql = LoggedSqlCollector.stop();
     assertThat(loggedSql).hasSize(1);

src/test/java/io/ebean/plugin/BeanTypeTest.java

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package io.ebean.plugin;
 
-import io.ebean.Ebean;
-import io.ebean.EbeanServer;
+import io.ebean.DB;
+import io.ebean.Database;
 import io.ebean.FetchPath;
 import io.ebean.Query;
 import io.ebean.text.PathProperties;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiQuery;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.querydefn.OrmQueryDetail;
+import org.junit.Test;
 import org.tests.inheritance.Stockforecast;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Car;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Customer;
@@ -15,60 +16,61 @@ import org.tests.model.basic.OrderDetail;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Person;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Product;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Vehicle;
-import org.junit.Test;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 
 public class BeanTypeTest {
 
-  static EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
+  static Database db = DB.getDefault();
 
   <T> BeanType<T> beanType(Class<T> cls) {
-    return server.getPluginApi().getBeanType(cls);
+    return db.getPluginApi().getBeanType(cls);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getBeanType() throws Exception {
+  public void getBeanType() {
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).getBeanType()).isEqualTo(Order.class);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getTypeAtPath_when_ManyToOne() throws Exception {
+  public void getTypeAtPath_when_ManyToOne() {
     BeanType<Order> orderType = beanType(Order.class);
     BeanType<?> customerType = orderType.getBeanTypeAtPath("customer");
     assertThat(customerType.getBeanType()).isEqualTo(Customer.class);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getTypeAtPath_when_OneToMany() throws Exception {
+  public void getTypeAtPath_when_OneToMany() {
     BeanType<Order> orderType = beanType(Order.class);
     BeanType<?> detailsType = orderType.getBeanTypeAtPath("details");
     assertThat(detailsType.getBeanType()).isEqualTo(OrderDetail.class);
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getTypeAtPath_when_nested() throws Exception {
+  public void getTypeAtPath_when_nested() {
     BeanType<Order> orderType = beanType(Order.class);
     BeanType<?> productType = orderType.getBeanTypeAtPath("details.product");
     assertThat(productType.getBeanType()).isEqualTo(Product.class);
   }
 
   @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
-  public void getTypeAtPath_when_simpleType() throws Exception {
+  public void getTypeAtPath_when_simpleType() {
 
     beanType(Order.class).getBeanTypeAtPath("status");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void createBean() throws Exception {
+  public void createBean() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).createBean()).isNotNull();
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void property() throws Exception {
+  public void property() {
 
     Order order = new Order();
     order.setStatus(Order.Status.APPROVED);
@@ -78,13 +80,13 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getBaseTable() throws Exception {
+  public void getBaseTable() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).getBaseTable()).isEqualTo("o_order");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void beanId_and_getBeanId() throws Exception {
+  public void beanId_and_getBeanId() {
 
     Order order = new Order();
     order.setId(42);
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void setBeanId() throws Exception {
+  public void setBeanId() {
 
     Order order = new Order();
     beanType(Order.class).setBeanId(order, 42);
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void isDocStoreIndex() throws Exception {
+  public void isDocStoreIndex() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).isDocStoreMapped()).isFalse();
     assertThat(beanType(Person.class).isDocStoreMapped()).isFalse();
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void docStore_getEmbedded() throws Exception {
+  public void docStore_getEmbedded() {
 
     BeanDocType<Order> orderDocType = beanType(Order.class).docStore();
     FetchPath customer = orderDocType.getEmbedded("customer");
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void docStore_getEmbeddedManyRoot() throws Exception {
+  public void docStore_getEmbeddedManyRoot() {
 
     BeanDocType<Order> orderDocType = beanType(Order.class).docStore();
 
@@ -139,28 +141,28 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getDocStoreQueueId() throws Exception {
+  public void getDocStoreQueueId() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).getDocStoreQueueId()).isEqualTo("order");
     assertThat(beanType(Customer.class).getDocStoreQueueId()).isEqualTo("customer");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getDocStoreIndexType() throws Exception {
+  public void getDocStoreIndexType() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).docStore().getIndexType()).isEqualTo("order");
     assertThat(beanType(Customer.class).docStore().getIndexType()).isEqualTo("customer");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void getDocStoreIndexName() throws Exception {
+  public void getDocStoreIndexName() {
 
     assertThat(beanType(Order.class).docStore().getIndexType()).isEqualTo("order");
     assertThat(beanType(Customer.class).docStore().getIndexType()).isEqualTo("customer");
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void docStoreNested() throws Exception {
+  public void docStoreNested() {
 
     FetchPath parse = PathProperties.parse("id,name");
 
@@ -169,9 +171,9 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void docStoreApplyPath() throws Exception {
+  public void docStoreApplyPath() {
 
-    SpiQuery<Order> orderQuery = (SpiQuery<Order>) server.find(Order.class);
+    SpiQuery<Order> orderQuery = (SpiQuery<Order>) db.find(Order.class);
     beanType(Order.class).docStore().applyPath(orderQuery);
 
     OrmQueryDetail detail = orderQuery.getDetail();
@@ -228,13 +230,13 @@ public class BeanTypeTest {
 
   @Test
   public void addInheritanceWhere_when_leaf() {
-    Query<Vehicle> query = server.find(Vehicle.class);
+    Query<Vehicle> query = db.find(Vehicle.class);
     beanType(Car.class).addInheritanceWhere(query);
   }
 
   @Test
   public void addInheritanceWhere_when_root() {
-    Query<Vehicle> query = server.find(Vehicle.class);
+    Query<Vehicle> query = db.find(Vehicle.class);
     beanType(Vehicle.class).addInheritanceWhere(query);
   }
 

src/test/java/io/ebean/text/json/JsonContextTest.java

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 package io.ebean.text.json;
 
-import io.ebean.Ebean;
-import io.ebean.EbeanServer;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import io.ebean.DB;
 import io.ebean.text.PathProperties;
+import org.junit.Test;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Contact;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Customer;
 import org.tests.model.basic.Order;
 import org.tests.model.basic.ResetBasicData;
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
-import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
@@ -16,16 +15,18 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.StrictAssertions.assertThat;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 public class JsonContextTest {
 
   @Test
-  public void testIsSupportedType() throws Exception {
+  public void testIsSupportedType() {
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
-
-    JsonContext json = server.json();
+    JsonContext json = DB.json();
     assertTrue(json.isSupportedType(Customer.class));
     assertFalse(json.isSupportedType(System.class));
   }
@@ -35,14 +36,14 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
 
     ResetBasicData.reset();
 
-    List<Order> orders = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+    List<Order> orders = DB.find(Order.class)
       .fetch("customer", "id, name")
       .where().eq("customer.id", 1)
       .findList();
 
-    String json = Ebean.json().toJson(orders);
+    String json = DB.json().toJson(orders);
 
-    List<Order> orders1 = Ebean.json().toList(Order.class, json);
+    List<Order> orders1 = DB.json().toList(Order.class, json);
 
     Customer customer = null;
     for (Order order : orders1) {
@@ -60,16 +61,16 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
 
     ResetBasicData.reset();
 
-    List<Order> orders = Ebean.find(Order.class)
+    List<Order> orders = DB.find(Order.class)
       .select("status")
       .fetch("customer", "id, name")
       .findList();
 
-    String json = Ebean.json().toJson(orders);
+    String json = DB.json().toJson(orders);
 
     JsonReadOptions options = new JsonReadOptions().setEnableLazyLoading(true);
 
-    List<Order> orders1 = Ebean.json().toList(Order.class, json, options);
+    List<Order> orders1 = DB.json().toList(Order.class, json, options);
 
     for (Order order : orders1) {
       Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
@@ -81,11 +82,9 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void test_toObject() throws Exception {
+  public void test_toObject() {
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
-
-    JsonContext json = server.json();
+    JsonContext json = DB.getDefault().json();
 
     Customer customer = new Customer();
     customer.setId(1);
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
 
     String jsonWithUnknown = "{\"id\":42,\"unknownProp\":\"foo\",\"name\":\"rob\",\"version\":1}";
 
-    Customer customer = Ebean.json().toBean(Customer.class, jsonWithUnknown);
+    Customer customer = DB.json().toBean(Customer.class, jsonWithUnknown);
     assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(42), customer.getId());
     assertEquals("rob", customer.getName());
   }
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
     options.addRootVisitor(custReadVisitor);
 
 
-    Customer customer = Ebean.json().toBean(Customer.class, jsonWithUnknown, options);
+    Customer customer = DB.json().toBean(Customer.class, jsonWithUnknown, options);
     assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(42), customer.getId());
     assertEquals("rob", customer.getName());
 
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
     JsonReadOptions options = new JsonReadOptions();
     options.addRootVisitor(custReadVisitor);
 
-    Customer customer = Ebean.json().toBean(Customer.class, someJsonAllKnown, options);
+    Customer customer = DB.json().toBean(Customer.class, someJsonAllKnown, options);
     assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(42), customer.getId());
     assertEquals("rob", customer.getName());
 
@@ -171,10 +170,8 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
   @Test
   public void testCreateGenerator() throws Exception {
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
-
     StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
-    JsonContext json = server.json();
+    JsonContext json = DB.json();
     JsonGenerator generator = json.createGenerator(writer);
 
     Customer customer = new Customer();
@@ -198,10 +195,8 @@ public class JsonContextTest {
   @Test
   public void testCreateGenerator_writeRaw() throws Exception {
 
-    EbeanServer server = Ebean.getDefaultServer();
-
     StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
-    JsonContext json = server.json();
+    JsonContext json = DB.json();
     JsonGenerator generator = json.createGenerator(writer);
 
     // test that we can write anything via writeRaw()