[maven-release-plugin] prepare release ebean-11.17.2

Not fixing a leak but just changing to use try with resources

.editorconfig

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ indent_style = space
 insert_final_newline = true
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 spaces_around_operators = true
+max_line_length = 130

.gitignore

@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ ebean-profiling*.xml
 /db
 /mydb.db
 !src/test/ddl-review/*.sql
-
+profiling/
 
 # Intellij project files
 *.iml
 *.ipr
 *.iws
 .idea/
+*uuid.state

.travis.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+dist: trusty
 sudo: required
 language: java
 jdk:
@@ -7,17 +8,28 @@ git:
   depth: 3
 
 addons:
-  postgresql: "9.4"
+  postgresql: "9.6"
+#  apt:
+#    packages:
+#    - mysql-server-5.7
+#    - mysql-client-core-5.7
+#    - mysql-client-5.7
 
 services:
+  - docker
   - postgresql
+  - mysql
 
 before_script:
   - ./.travis/setup_database
+  - mysql -u root -e 'CREATE DATABASE test_ebean;'
+  - mysql -u root -e "CREATE USER 'test_ebean'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test';"
+  - mysql -u root -e "GRANT ALL ON test_ebean.* TO 'test_ebean'@'localhost';"
 
 env:
   - EBEAN_DB=h2
   - EBEAN_DB=pg
+#  - EBEAN_DB=mysql
 
 install: true
 

CONFIGURATION.md

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+Overview of ebean.properties file
+=================================
+
+
+### DbMigration options
+
+You can set individual values for different platforms when generating migrations
+
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.databaseSequenceBatchSize`
+For DB's using sequences this is the number of sequence values prefetched.
+ 
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.dbuuid`
+Control, how UUID generation should work - it affects DDL which column type is generated. Possible values:
+- BINARY enforces binary UUID 
+- VARCHAR enforces varchar UUID
+- BINARY_OPTIMIZED enforces binary-optimized UUID (makes sense only with Type1 ID)
+- AUTO_BINARY use binary when platform does not support native UUID
+- AUTO_BINARY_OPTIMIZED use binary-optimized when platform does not support native UUID
+- AUTO_VARCHAR (default) use varchar when platform does not support UUID 
+
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.uuidStoreAsBinary`
+Same as setting dbuuid to BINARY
+
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.geometrySRID`
+The Geometry SRID value (default 4326).
+
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.idType`
+The ID type (IDENTITY, SEQUENCE, GENERATOR, EXTERNAL)
+
+`dbmigration.platform.<PLATFORM>.mapping`
+Adjust the mapping. For example `BOOLEAN=integer(32);BIT=tinyint(3)`
+
+
+`ebean.migration.applyPrefix`
+Set this to "V" to be compatible with FlywayDB.
+
+`ebean.migration.applySuffix`
+Defaults to '.sql'
+
+`ebean.migration.dbusername`
+DB user used to run the DB migration.
+
+`ebean.migration.dbpassword`
+DB password used to run the DB migration.
+
+`ebean.migration.generate`
+Set to true if the DB migration should be generated on server start.
+
+`ebean.migration.generatePendingDrop`
+The version of a pending drop that should be generated as the next migration.
+
+`ebean.migration.includeGeneratedFileComment`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.migration.metaTable`
+For running migration the DB table that holds migration execution status. Default 'db_migration'
+
+`ebean.migration.migrationPath`
+Resource path for the migration xml and sql.
+
+`ebean.migration.modelPath`
+Subdirectory the model xml files go into. Default 'model'
+
+`ebean.migration.modelSuffix`
+Suffix. Default '.model.xml' 
+
+`ebean.migration.name`
+Description text that can be appended to the version to become the ddl script file name
+ 
+`ebean.migration.patchInsertOn`
+migration versions that should be added to history without running.
+
+`ebean.migration.patchResetChecksumOn`
+migration versions that should have their checksum reset and not run.
+Use this if you get a 'Checksum mismatch' error.
+
+`ebean.migration.placeholders`
+A comma and equals delimited placeholders that are substituted in SQL scripts when running migration (used by DB Migration runner only).
+
+`ebean.migration.platform`
+The database platform to generate migration DDL for.
+
+`ebean.migration.run`
+Flag set to true means to run any outstanding migrations on startup.
+
+`ebean.migration.version`
+The migration version name (typically FlywayDb compatible). Example: 1.1.1_2
+
+
+### Ebean UUID options
+
+`ebean.uuidVersion`
+Controls, how the UUIDs are generated. Possible values
+- VERSION4 (default) generate random V4 UUIDs,
+- VERSION1 generate rfc4122 compliant Type 1 UUIDs (requires a state file)
+- VERSION1RND generate fake Type 1 UUIDs
+
+Note, that V1 UUIDs in conjunction with AUTO_BINARY_OPTIMIZED will give you the best index performance, but you MUST understand how this works to avoid collisions.
+
+`ebean.uuidStateFile`
+The state file that is Required to generate V1 UUIDs
+
+
+### DocStoreConfig
+
+`ebean.docstore.active`
+True when the Document store integration is active/on.
+
+`ebean.docstore.allowAllCertificates`
+Set to true such that the client allows connections to invalid/self signed SSL certificates.
+
+`ebean.docstore.bulkBatchSize`
+The default batch size to use for the Bulk API calls.
+
+`ebean.docstore.create`
+When true the Document store should create any document indexes that don't already exist.
+
+`ebean.docstore.dropCreate`
+When true the Document store should drop and re-create document indexes.
+
+`ebean.docstore.generateMapping`
+Set to true means Ebean will generate mapping files on startup.
+
+`ebean.docstore.mappingPath`
+Resource path for the Document store mapping files.
+
+`ebean.docstore.mappingSuffix`
+Suffix used for mapping files.
+
+`ebean.docstore.password`
+ Password credential that be used for authentication to document store.
+ 
+`ebean.docstore.pathToResources`
+Location of resources that mapping files are generated into.
+
+`ebean.docstore.persist`
+The default mode used by indexes. `DEFAULT|IGNORE|QUEUE|UPDATE`
+
+`ebean.docstore.url`
+The URL of the Document store server. For example: http://localhost:9200.
+
+`ebean.docstore.username`
+Credential that be used for authentication to document store.
+
+### Ebean Autotune
+
+`ebean.autoTune.mode`
+The autoTune mode `DEFAULT_OFF|DEFAULT_ON|DEFAULT_ONIFEMPTY`
+
+`ebean.autoTune.profiling`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.profilingBase`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.profilingFile`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.profilingRate`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.profilingUpdateFrequency`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.queryTuning`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.queryTuningAddVersion`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.queryTuningFile`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.skipGarbageCollectionOnShutdown`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.autoTune.skipProfileReportingOnShutdown`
+TODO
+
+
+### Ebean options
+`ebean.allQuotedIdentifiers`
+Quote all identifiers
+
+`ebean.asOfSysPeriod`
+Column used to support history and 'As of' queries. This column is a timestamp range or equivalent.
+
+`ebean.asOfViewSuffix`
+Suffix appended to the base table to derive the view that contains the union of the base table and the history table in order to support asOf queries.
+
+`ebean.autoCommitMode`
+Set to true if the DataSource uses autoCommit. Indicates that Ebean should use autoCommit friendly Transactions and TransactionManager.
+
+`ebean.autoReadOnlyDataSource`
+When true create a read only DataSource using readOnlyDataSourceConfig defaulting values from dataSourceConfig
+
+`ebean.autostart`
+Should the server start all
+
+`ebean.backgroundExecutorSchedulePoolSize`
+TODO
+
+`ebean.backgroundExecutorShutdownSecs`
+TODO
+
+and some more todos:
+`ebean.batch.mode`
+`ebean.batch.size`
+`ebean.changeLogAsync`
+`ebean.changeLogIncludeInserts`
+`ebean.classes`
+`ebean.collectQueryOrigins`
+`ebean.collectQueryStatsByNode`
+`ebean.currentUserProvider`
+`ebean.dataSourceJndiName`
+`ebean.dataTimeZone`
+`ebean.databaseBooleanFalse`
+`ebean.databaseBooleanTrue`
+`ebean.databasePlatform`
+`ebean.databasePlatformName`
+`ebean.databaseSequenceBatchSize`
+ebean.datasource.h2.adminpassword
+ebean.datasource.h2.adminusername
+`ebean.dbEncrypt`
+`ebean.dbOffline`
+ebean.ddl.createOnly
+ebean.ddl.generate
+ebean.ddl.header
+ebean.ddl.initSql
+ebean.ddl.run
+ebean.ddl.seedSql
+ebean.defaultDeleteMissingChildren
+ebean.defaultOrderById
+ebean.disableClasspathSearch
+ebean.disableL2Cache
+ebean.docStoreOnly
+ebean.docstore.active
+ebean.docstore.allowAllCertificates
+ebean.docstore.bulkBatchSize
+ebean.docstore.create
+ebean.docstore.dropCreate
+ebean.docstore.generateMapping
+ebean.docstore.mappingPath
+ebean.docstore.mappingSuffix
+ebean.docstore.password
+ebean.docstore.pathToResources
+ebean.docstore.persist
+ebean.docstore.url
+ebean.docstore.username
+ebean.encryptDeployManager
+ebean.encryptKeyManager
+ebean.encryptor
+ebean.explicitTransactionBeginMode
+ebean.expressionEqualsWithNullAsNoop
+ebean.expressionNativeIlike
+ebean.geometrySRID
+ebean.historyTableSuffix
+ebean.jdbcFetchSizeFindEach
+ebean.jdbcFetchSizeFindList
+ebean.jodaLocalTimeMode
+ebean.jsonDateTime
+ebean.jsonInclude
+ebean.lazyLoadBatchSize
+ebean.localTimeWithNanos
+ebean.namingConvention.schema
+ebean.namingConvention.sequenceFormat
+ebean.namingConvention.useForeignKeyPrefix
+ebean.namingconvention
+ebean.notifyL2CacheInForeground
+ebean.packages
+ebean.persistBatch
+ebean.persistBatchOnCascade
+ebean.persistBatchSize
+ebean.persistBatching
+ebean.persistenceContextScope
+ebean.profiling
+ebean.profiling.directory
+ebean.profiling.includeProfileIds
+ebean.profiling.minimumMicros
+ebean.profiling.profilesPerFile
+ebean.profiling.verbose
+ebean.queryBatchSize
+ebean.queryPlanTTLSeconds
+ebean.search.packages
+ebean.serverCachePlugin
+ebean.skipCacheAfterWrite
+ebean.slowQueryMillis
+ebean.tenant.catalogProvider
+ebean.tenant.currentTenantProvider
+ebean.tenant.mode
+ebean.tenant.partitionColumn
+ebean.tenant.schemaProvider
+ebean.updateAllPropertiesInBatch
+ebean.updateChangesOnly
+ebean.updatesDeleteMissingChildren
+ebean.useJavaxValidationNotNull
+ebean.useJtaTransactionManager
+

README.md

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ Goto [https://ebean-orm.github.io/](http://ebean-orm.github.io/ "Ebean ORM's Web
 
 
 ## Maven cental links:
-[Maven central - ebean](http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22org.avaje.ebean%22%20AND%20a%3A%22ebean%22 "maven central ebean")
+[Maven central - ebean](http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22io.ebean%22%20AND%20a%3A%22ebean%22 "maven central ebean")
 
 [Maven central - all related projects](http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cga%7C1%7Cebean "maven central all related projects")
 
 ## Current versions
-* [![Maven Central : ebean](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean) - ebean
-* [![Maven Central : ebean-agent](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean-agent/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean-agent) - ebean-agent
-* [![Maven Central : ebean-maven-plugin](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean-maven-plugin/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/org.avaje.ebean/ebean-maven-plugin) - ebean-maven-plugin
+* [![Maven Central : ebean](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean) - ebean
+* [![Maven Central : ebean-agent](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean-agent/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean-agent) - ebean-agent
+* [![Maven Central : ebean-maven-plugin](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean-maven-plugin/badge.svg)](https://maven-badges.herokuapp.com/maven-central/io.ebean/ebean-maven-plugin) - ebean-maven-plugin
 

howto-test.md

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+This is a short description how to run tests
+============================================
+
+Run tests from maven
+--------------------
+
+Just type `mvn test` - it will run the whole test suite with the settings
+from `src/test/resources/ebean.properties`. 
+
+Run tests from eclipse
+----------------------
+
+Running tests requires, that the classes are enhanced. By default, the 
+`BaseTestCase` tries to load the enhancer-agent in a very early stage. This 
+also works for most test cases, but it does not work if you try to run a 
+complete test-suite, as classes that are loaded before the enhancer-agent 
+kicks in will not get enhanced. To solve this problem, you need either the
+[Eclipse-Enhancer-Plugin](https://github.com/ebean-orm-tools/ebean-eclipse-enhancer) 
+or add the agent to your JVM arguments (Preferences->Installed JREs) or to
+your run configuration: 
+`-javaagent:<USER_HOME>/.m2/repository/io/ebean/ebean-agent/<VERSION>/ebean-agent-<VERSION>.jar=debug=0`
+
+
+Platform Tests
+==============
+
+By default, the `h2` platform is used. To test a different platform, add 
+`-Ddatasource.default=xxx` to your maven command or JVM arguments.
+
+'h2' platform
+-------------
+
+Reqires no setup
+
+run: `mvn clean test`
+
+Current status: PASS
+Tests run: 1986, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 16
+
+'pg' platform
+-------------
+
+Reqirements
+- a locally installed PostgreSQL server with PostGis.
+- Create a user "unit" with password "unit" and a database "unit"
+- Give the user all permissions to that db
+
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=pg`
+
+Current status: PASS
+Tests run: 2166, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 25
+
+
+
+'mysql' platform
+-------------
+
+Reqirements
+- a locally installed MySQL server.
+- Create a user "unit" with password "unit" and a database "unit"
+- Give the user all permissions to that db
+
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=mysql`
+
+Current status: PASS
+Tests run: 2166, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 33
+
+
+
+'sqlserver' platform
+--------------------
+
+Reqires an installed sqlserver - e.g. https://hub.docker.com/r/microsoft/mssql-server-linux/
+
+- Create a user "ebean" with password "ebean" and a database "ebean_unittest"
+- Adjust the connection string and/or username in ebean.properties
+  
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=mssql`
+
+Current status: PASS
+Tests run: 2166, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 39
+
+
+
+'oracle' platform
+-----------------
+
+Reqires a locally installed Oracle server.
+- Create a user "unit" with password "unit" with all permissions
+- The test wirtes directly to the "xe" SID - so do not use a productive server!
+- As the Oracle JDBC driver is only available on an oracle repository,
+  you need a special maven setup as described [here](http://docs.oracle.com/middleware/1213/core/MAVEN/config_maven_repo.htm#MAVEN9010)
+  
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=ora -Poracle`
+
+Current status: FAIL
+Tests run: 1986, Failures: 17, Errors: 34, Skipped: 16
+
+
+
+'db2' platform
+--------------
+
+Reqires a locally installed DB2 Express-C server.
+- Create a user "unit" with password "unit" with all permissions
+- Install the db2jcc4 driver (see pom.xml)
+
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=db2 -Pdb2`
+
+Current status: FAIL
+Tests run: 2166, Failures: 29, Errors: 58, Skipped: 30
+
+
+'sqlite' platform
+-----------------
+
+Reqires no setup
+
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=sqlite`
+
+Current status: FAIL
+Tests run: 1986, Failures: 24, Errors: 86, Skipped: 16
+
+After some time, the db locks up, every test takes 3 seconds and fails with 
+"the database file is locked"
+
+
+
+'hsqldb' platform
+-----------------
+
+Reqires no setup
+
+run: `mvn clean test -Ddatasource.default=hsqldb`
+
+Current status: FAIL
+Tests run: 1980, Failures: 3, Errors: 657, Skipped: 16
+
+
+@Rob FYI
+The problem is https://sourceforge.net/p/hsqldb/bugs/1364/
+In `InsertHandler.getPstmt` the `meta.getIdentityDbColumns()` contains
+'id' in lowercase. Changing that to uppercase gives me this result:
+`Tests run: 1986, Failures: 2, Errors: 18, Skipped: 16`
+(as quick hack I added temporary a toUpperCase to BindableIdScalar.getIdentityColumn)
+
+
+'sqlanywhere' platform
+----------------------
+
+TODO: not yet tested
+
+

pom.xml

@@ -4,100 +4,158 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
     <artifactId>java8-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>1.1</version>
+    <version>1.3</version>
   </parent>
 
   <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
   <artifactId>ebean</artifactId>
-  <version>10.1.2</version>
+  <version>11.17.2</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
   <name>ebean</name>
   <url>http://ebean-orm.github.io/</url>
 
   <properties>
-    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <jackson-core.version>2.9.5</jackson-core.version>
+    <snakeyaml.version>1.21</snakeyaml.version>
   </properties>
 
   <scm>
     <developerConnection>scm:git:git@github.com:ebean-orm/ebean.git</developerConnection>
-    <tag>ebean-10.1.2</tag>
+    <tag>ebean-11.17.2</tag>
   </scm>
 
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <!-- Note: to use this profile, you need credentials for the oracle repository in your
+        settings.xml as described here:
+        http://docs.oracle.com/middleware/1213/core/MAVEN/config_maven_repo.htm#MAVEN9010 -->
+      <id>oracle</id>
+      <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.oracle.jdbc</groupId>
+          <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
+          <version>12.2.0.1</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+      </dependencies>
+      <repositories>
+        <repository>
+          <id>maven.oracle.com</id>
+          <releases>
+            <enabled>true</enabled>
+          </releases>
+          <snapshots>
+            <enabled>false</enabled>
+          </snapshots>
+          <url>https://maven.oracle.com</url>
+          <layout>default</layout>
+        </repository>
+      </repositories>
+    </profile>
+    <profile>
+      <!-- Note: to use this profile, you need to download manually the db2jcc4 driver.
+        After that, install it into your local maven repository:
+
+        mvn install:install-file \
+          -Dfile=db2jcc4.jar \
+          -DgroupId=com.ibm.jdbc \
+          -DartifactId=db2jcc4 \
+          -Dversion=4.23.42 \
+          -Dpackaging=jar
+      -->
+      <id>db2</id>
+      <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+          <groupId>com.ibm.jdbc</groupId>
+          <artifactId>db2jcc4</artifactId>
+          <version>4.23.42</version>
+          <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+      </dependencies>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
   <dependencies>
 
+    <!--
+    Projects are expected to explicit depend on version
+    of slf4j that they want to use
+    -->
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.jetbrains</groupId>
-      <artifactId>annotations</artifactId>
-      <version>13.0</version>
+      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+      <version>1.7.25</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!--
+    Exclude snakeyaml if you desire - it is not strictly required.
+    -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
+      <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
+      <version>${snakeyaml.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!--
+    Class retention Nonnull and Nullable annotations
+    to assist with IDE auto-completion with Ebean API
+    -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-jsr305</artifactId>
+      <version>1.1</version>
+      <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.avaje.ebean</groupId>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
       <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
-      <version>2.1.3</version>
+      <version>2.2.1</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
       <artifactId>ebean-annotation</artifactId>
-      <version>2.1</version>
-    </dependency>
-
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
-      <artifactId>avaje-datasource-api</artifactId>
-      <version>1.1</version>
+      <version>3.11</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-datasource</artifactId>
-      <version>1.1.3</version>
-    </dependency>
-
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
-      <artifactId>avaje-classpath-scanner-api</artifactId>
-      <version>2.2</version>
+      <version>3.2.2</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-classpath-scanner</artifactId>
-      <version>2.2.2</version>
+      <version>3.1.1</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-      <artifactId>ebean-dbmigration</artifactId>
-      <version>10.1.1</version>
-    </dependency>
-
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
-      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
-      <version>[1.7.1,1.7.99)</version>
+      <artifactId>ebean-migration</artifactId>
+      <version>11.5.4</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
       <artifactId>antlr4-runtime</artifactId>
-      <version>4.5.3</version>
+      <version>4.7.1</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <!-- Jackson core used internally by Ebean -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
       <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
-      <version>2.6.5</version>
+      <version>${jackson-core.version}</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <!-- provided scope for JsonNode support -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
       <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
-      <version>2.6.5</version>
+      <version>${jackson-core.version}</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -112,21 +170,21 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
       <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0.0.GA</version>
+      <version>1.1.0.Final</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
-      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
-      <version>2.4</version>
+      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+      <version>3.1.0</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
       <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
-      <version>1.6</version>
+      <version>2.9.7</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -134,7 +192,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
       <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
-      <version>9.4-1202-jdbc41</version>
+      <version>9.4.1212</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -147,24 +205,31 @@
       <!--<scope>test</scope>-->
     <!--</dependency>-->
 
-    <!--<dependency>-->
-      <!--<groupId>microsoft</groupId>-->
-      <!--<artifactId>sqlserver-jdbc</artifactId>-->
-      <!--<version>4.2</version>-->
-      <!--<scope>test</scope>-->
-    <!--</dependency>-->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-docker-run</artifactId>
+      <version>1.5.1</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
+      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
+      <version>1.2.3</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-agentloader</artifactId>
-      <version>1.1.1</version>
+      <version>2.1.2</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
       <artifactId>ebean-agent</artifactId>
-      <version>10.1.1</version>
+      <version>11.11.1</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -173,28 +238,36 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
       <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
-      <version>1.4.192</version>
+      <version>1.4.196</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.xerial</groupId>
       <artifactId>sqlite-jdbc</artifactId>
-      <version>3.8.11.2</version>
+      <version>3.15.1</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
       <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
-      <version>2.0.0</version>
+      <version>2.3.4</version>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
+      <version>6.4.0.jre8</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
-      <version>5.1.36</version>
+      <!-- Do not upgrade to 6.0.6: https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=82896 -->
+      <version>5.1.43</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -209,14 +282,14 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
-      <version>2.4</version>
+      <version>2.5</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje.moduuid</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-moduuid</artifactId>
-      <version>1.2</version>
+      <version>2.1</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -229,17 +302,16 @@
       <plugin>
         <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
         <artifactId>ebean-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>10.1.1</version>
+        <version>11.11.1</version>
         <executions>
           <execution>
             <id>test</id>
             <phase>process-test-classes</phase>
             <configuration>
-              <classSource>target/test-classes</classSource>
               <transformArgs>debug=1</transformArgs>
             </configuration>
             <goals>
-              <goal>enhance</goal>
+              <goal>testEnhance</goal>
             </goals>
           </execution>
         </executions>
@@ -263,6 +335,11 @@
               <name>datasource.default</name>
               <value>${datasource.default}</value>
             </property>
+            <property>
+              <!-- transfer dbClockDelta parameter -->
+              <name>dbClockDelta</name>
+              <value>${dbClockDelta}</value>
+            </property>
           </systemProperties>
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
@@ -287,7 +364,7 @@
           <overview>src/main/java/io/ebean/overview.html</overview>
           <source>1.8</source>
           <doclet>org.avaje.doclet.PygmentsDoclet</doclet>
-          <excludePackageNames>io.ebeaninternal.*:com.avaje.ebean.util:io.ebean.dbmigration.ddlgeneration:io.ebean.dbmigration.migration:io.ebean.dbmigration.migrationreader:io.ebean.dbmigration.model</excludePackageNames>
+          <excludePackageNames>io.ebeaninternal.*:com.avaje.ebean.util</excludePackageNames>
           <docletArtifact>
             <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
             <artifactId>pygments-doclet</artifactId>

src/main/java/io/ebean/AcquireLockException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import javax.persistence.PessimisticLockException;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when failing to acquire a pessimistic lock.
+ * <p>
+ * Typically when "select for update nowait" or "select for update" is being used and
+ * the lock can not be obtained (as it is held by another transaction).
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class AcquireLockException extends PessimisticLockException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -8585962352965876691L;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a message and cause.
+   */
+  public AcquireLockException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanFinder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Provides finder functionality for use with "Dependency Injection style" use of Ebean.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that typically users would extend BeanRepository rather than BeanFinder.
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ * public class CustomerFinder extends BeanFinder<Long,Customer> {
+ *
+ *   @Inject
+ *   public CustomerFinder(EbeanServer server) {
+ *     super(Customer.class, server);
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // ... add customer specific finders
+ * }
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @param <I> The ID type
+ * @param <T> The Bean type
+ */
+public abstract class BeanFinder<I,T> {
+
+  protected final EbeanServer server;
+
+  protected final Class<T> type;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with the given bean type and EbeanServer instance.
+   *
+   * @param type The bean type
+   * @param server The EbeanServer instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent.
+   */
+  protected BeanFinder(Class<T> type, EbeanServer server) {
+    this.type = type;
+    this.server = server;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the EbeanServer to use.
+   */
+  public EbeanServer db() {
+    return server;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the current transaction.
+   */
+  public Transaction currentTransaction() {
+    return db().currentTransaction();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush the JDBC batch on the current transaction.
+   */
+  public void flush() {
+    db().flush();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return typically a different EbeanServer to the default.
+   * <p>
+   * This is equivalent to {@link Ebean#getServer(String)}
+   *
+   * @param server The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is
+   *               returned.
+   */
+  public EbeanServer db(String server) {
+    return Ebean.getServer(server);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an entity reference for this ID.
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#getReference(Class, Object)}
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  public T ref(I id) {
+    return db().getReference(type, id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves an entity by ID.
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class, Object)}
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  public T findById(I id) {
+    return db().find(type, id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an entity by ID returning an Optional.
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  public Optional<T> findByIdOrEmpty(I id) {
+    return db().find(type).setId(id).findOneOrEmpty();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a bean by Id.
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#delete(Class, Object)}
+   */
+  public void deleteById(I id) {
+    db().delete(type, id);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves all entities of the given type.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  public List<T> findAll() {
+    return query().findList();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an update query.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  int rows =
+   *      updateQuery()
+   *      .set("status", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
+   *      .set("updtime", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()))
+   *      .where()
+   *        .gt("id", 1000)
+   *        .update();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#update(Class)}
+   */
+  protected UpdateQuery<T> updateQuery() {
+    return db().update(type);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a query.
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class)}
+   */
+  protected Query<T> query() {
+    return db().find(type);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a native sql query.
+   */
+  protected Query<T> nativeSql(String nativeSql) {
+    return db().findNative(type, nativeSql);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a query using the ORM query language.
+   */
+  protected Query<T> query(String ormQuery) {
+    return db().createQuery(type, ormQuery);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
+
+/**
+ * Provides finder functionality for use with "Dependency Injection style" use of Ebean.
+ * <p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ * @Repository
+ * public class CustomerRepository extends BeanRepository<Long,Customer> {
+ *
+ *   @Inject
+ *   public CustomerRepository(EbeanServer server) {
+ *     super(Customer.class, server);
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // ... add customer specific finders and persist logic
+ *
+ *   public List<Customer> findByName(String nameStart) {
+ *     return query().where()
+ *             .istartsWith("name", nameStart)
+ *             .findList();
+ *   }
+ *
+ * }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @param <I> The ID type
+ * @param <T> The Bean type
+ */
+public abstract class BeanRepository<I, T> extends BeanFinder<I, T> {
+
+  /**
+   * Create with the given bean type and EbeanServer instance.
+   * <p>
+   * Typically users would extend BeanRepository rather than BeanFinder.
+   * </p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   @Inject
+   *   public CustomerRepository(EbeanServer server) {
+   *     super(Customer.class, server);
+   *   }
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param type   The bean type
+   * @param server The EbeanServer instance typically created via Spring factory or equivalent
+   */
+  protected BeanRepository(Class<T> type, EbeanServer server) {
+    super(type, server);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks the entity bean as dirty.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used so that when a bean that is otherwise unmodified is updated the version
+   * property is updated.
+   * <p>
+   * An unmodified bean that is saved or updated is normally skipped and this marks the bean as
+   * dirty so that it is not skipped.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   * Customer customer = customerRepository.byId(id);
+   *
+   * // mark the bean as dirty so that a save() or update() will
+   * // increment the version property
+   *
+   * customerRepository.markAsDirty(customer);
+   * customerRepository.save(customer);
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#markAsDirty(Object)
+   */
+  public void markAsDirty(T bean) {
+    db().markAsDirty(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark the property as unset or 'not loaded'.
+   * <p>
+   * This would be used to specify a property that we did not wish to include in a stateless update.
+   * </p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   // populate an entity bean from JSON or whatever
+   *   Customer customer = ...;
+   *
+   *   // mark the email property as 'unset' so that it is not
+   *   // included in a 'stateless update'
+   *   customerRepository.markPropertyUnset(customer, "email");
+   *
+   *   customerRepository.update(customer);
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param propertyName the name of the property on the bean to be marked as 'unset'
+   */
+  public void markPropertyUnset(T bean, String propertyName) {
+    ((EntityBean) bean)._ebean_getIntercept().setPropertyLoaded(propertyName, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert or update this entity depending on its state.
+   * <p>
+   * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
+   * insert or an update based on that.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#save(Object)
+   */
+  public void save(T bean) {
+    db().save(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update this entity.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#update(Object)
+   */
+  public void update(T bean) {
+    db().update(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert this entity.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#insert(Object)
+   */
+  public void insert(T bean) {
+    db().insert(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete this bean.
+   * <p>
+   * This will return true if the bean was deleted successfully or JDBC batch is being used.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * If there is no current transaction one will be created and committed for
+   * you automatically.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * If the Bean does not have a version property (or loaded version property) and
+   * the bean does not exist then this returns false indicating that nothing was
+   * deleted. Note that, if JDBC batch mode is used then this always returns true.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#delete(Object)
+   */
+  public boolean delete(T bean) {
+    return db().delete(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a bean permanently without soft delete.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used when the bean contains a <code>@SoftDelete</code> property and we
+   * want to perform a hard/permanent delete.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#deletePermanent(Object)
+   */
+  public boolean deletePermanent(T bean) {
+    return db().deletePermanent(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge this entity using the default merge options.
+   * <p>
+   * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
+   * insert or an update based on that.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#merge(Object)
+   */
+  public void merge(T bean) {
+    db().merge(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge this entity using the specified merge options.
+   * <p>
+   * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
+   * insert or an update based on that.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#merge(Object, MergeOptions)
+   */
+  public void merge(T bean, MergeOptions options) {
+    db().merge(bean, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Refreshes this entity from the database.
+   *
+   * @see EbeanServer#refresh(Object)
+   */
+  public void refresh(T bean) {
+    db().refresh(bean);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/BeanState.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -99,16 +98,6 @@ public interface BeanState {
    */
   void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
 
-  /**
-   * Add a propertyChangeListener.
-   */
-  void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
-
-  /**
-   * Remove a propertyChangeListener.
-   */
-  void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
-
   /**
    * Advanced - Used to programmatically build a partially or fully loaded
    * entity bean. First create an entity bean via

src/main/java/io/ebean/CacheMode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Enum to control the different cache modes for queryCache and beanCache.
+ * <h3>Bean cache</h3>
+ * <p>
+ * The bean cache is automatically used by default on <code>@Cache</code> beans for
+ * the following queries:
+ * </p>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>findOne() by id</li>
+ * <li>findOne() by natural key(s)</li>
+ * <li>findList() by ids</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * Bean caching needs to be explicitly turned on for queries that are findList() by natural keys.
+ * </p>
+ * <h3>Query cache</h3>
+ * <p>
+ * For query cache use note that you must be careful, what you do with the returned collection.
+ * By default the returned collections are read only and you will get an exception if you try
+ * to change them.
+ * If you add ".setReadOnly(false)" to your query, you'll get a collection that is a clone from the
+ * one in the cache. That means, changing does not affect the cache.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
+ */
+public enum CacheMode {
+
+  /**
+   * Do not use cache.
+   */
+  OFF(false, false),
+
+  /**
+   * Use the cache and store a result when needed.
+   */
+  ON(true, true),
+
+  /**
+   * Only used for bean caching.
+   * <p>
+   * The bean cache is automatically used by default on <code>@Cache</code> beans for
+   * the following queries:
+   * </p>
+   * <ul>
+   * <li>findOne() by id</li>
+   * <li>findOne() by natural key(s)</li>
+   * <li>findList() by ids</li>
+   * </ul>
+   * <p>
+   * Bean caching needs to be explicitly turned on for queries that are findList() by natural keys.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  AUTO(true, true),
+
+  /**
+   * Do not read from cache, but put beans into the cache and invalidate parts of the cache as necessary.
+   * <p>
+   * Use this on a query if you want to get the fresh value from database and put it into the cache.
+   */
+  PUT(false, true),
+
+  /**
+   * GET only from the cache.
+   * <p>
+   * This mode does not put entries into the cache or invalidate parts of the cache.
+   */
+  GET(true, false);
+
+  private boolean get;
+  private boolean put;
+
+  CacheMode(boolean get, boolean put) {
+    this.get = get;
+    this.put = put;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if value is read from cache.
+   */
+  public boolean isGet() {
+    return get;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if a newly loaded value (from database) is put into the cache.
+   */
+  public boolean isPut() {
+    return put;
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/CountDistinctOrder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package io.ebean;
+/**
+ * Enumeration to use with {@link Query#setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder)}.
+ * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
+ *
+ */
+public enum CountDistinctOrder {
+  NO_ORDERING,
+  
+  /** order by attribute ascending */
+  ATTR_ASC, 
+  
+  /** order by attribute descending */
+  ATTR_DESC, 
+  
+  /** order by count ascending and attribute ascending */
+  COUNT_ASC_ATTR_ASC,
+  
+  /** order by count ascending and attribute descending */
+  COUNT_ASC_ATTR_DESC,
+  
+  /** order by count descending and attribute ascending */
+  COUNT_DESC_ATTR_ASC,
+  
+  /** order by count descending and attribute descending */
+  COUNT_DESC_ATTR_DESC,
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/CountedValue.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+/**
+ * Holds a distinct value with it's count.
+ * (Used with {@link Query#findSingleAttributeList()} and {@link Query#setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder)}.)
+ * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
+ */
+public class CountedValue<A> implements Serializable {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -2267971668356749695L;
+
+  private final A value;
+  private final long count;
+
+  public CountedValue(A value, long count) {
+    this.value = value;
+    this.count = count;
+  }
+
+  public long getCount() {
+    return count;
+  }
+  
+  public A getValue() {
+    return value;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return count + ": " + value;
+  }
+  
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/DataIntegrityException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a foreign key constraint is enforced.
+ */
+public class DataIntegrityException extends PersistenceException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -6740171949170180970L;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a message and cause.
+   */
+  public DataIntegrityException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/DocumentStore.java

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocQueryRequest;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.RawDoc;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public interface DocumentStore {
    * Return the bean by fetching it's content from the document store.
    * If the document is not found null is returned.
    * <p>
-   * Typically this is called indirectly by findUnique() on the query.
+   * Typically this is called indirectly by findOne() on the query.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public interface DocumentStore {
    *   server.find(Customer.class)
    *     .setUseDocStore(true)
    *     .setId(42)
-   *     .findUnique();
+   *     .findOne();
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
@@ -122,11 +123,8 @@ public interface DocumentStore {
    *  server.find(Order.class)
    *    .setUseDocStore(true)
    *    .where()... // perhaps add predicates
-   *    .findEach(new QueryEachConsumer<Order>() {
-   *      @Override
-   *      public void accept(Order bean) {
-   *        // process the bean
-   *      }
+   *    .findEach((Order order) -> {
+   *      // process the bean ...
    *    });
    *
    * }</pre>
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ public interface DocumentStore {
    *  server.find(Order.class)
    *    .setUseDocStore(true)
    *    .where()... // perhaps add predicates
-   *    .findEachWhile(new QueryEachWhileConsumer<Order>() {
+   *    .findEachWhile(new Predicate<Order>() {
    *      @Override
    *      public void accept(Order bean) {
    *        // process the bean
@@ -165,6 +163,24 @@ public interface DocumentStore {
    */
   <T> void findEachWhile(DocQueryRequest<T> query, Predicate<T> consumer);
 
+  /**
+   * Find each processing raw documents.
+   *
+   * @param indexNameType The full index name and type
+   * @param rawQuery      The query to execute
+   * @param consumer      Consumer to process each document
+   */
+  void findEach(String indexNameType, String rawQuery, Consumer<RawDoc> consumer);
+
+  /**
+   * Find each processing raw documents stopping when the predicate returns false.
+   *
+   * @param indexNameType The full index name and type
+   * @param rawQuery      The query to execute
+   * @param consumer      Consumer to process each document until false is returned
+   */
+  void findEachWhile(String indexNameType, String rawQuery, Predicate<RawDoc> consumer);
+
   /**
    * Process the queue entries sending updates to the document store or queuing them for later processing.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/DtoQuery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * Query for performing native SQL queries that return DTO Bean's.
+ * <p>
+ * These beans are just normal classes. They must have public constructors
+ * and setters.
+ * <p>
+ * Constructors with arguments are used if the number of constructor arguments
+ * matches the number of columns in the resultSet.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * If the number of columns in the resultSet is greater than the largest constructor
+ * then the largest constructor is used for the first columns and remaining columns
+ * are mapped by setter methods.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *   // CustomerDto is just a 'bean like' class
+ *   // with public constructor(s) and public setter methods
+ *
+ *   String sql = "select id, name from customer where name like :name and status_code = :status";
+ *
+ *   List<CustomerDto> beans =
+ *     Ebean.findDto(CustomrDto.class, sql)
+ *     .setParameter("name", "Acme%")
+ *     .setParameter("status", "ACTIVE")
+ *     .findList();
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public interface DtoQuery<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a list.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  List<T> findList();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query iterating a row at a time.
+   * <p>
+   * This streaming type query is useful for large query execution as only 1 row needs to be held in memory.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  void findEach(Consumer<T> consumer);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query iterating a row at a time with the ability to stop consuming part way through.
+   * <p>
+   * Returning false after processing a row stops the iteration through the query results.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * This streaming type query is useful for large query execution as only 1 row needs to be held in memory.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  void findEachWhile(Predicate<T> consumer);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a single bean.
+   */
+  @Nullable
+  T findOne();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning an optional bean.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Optional<T> findOneOrEmpty();
+
+  /**
+   * The same as bind for named parameters.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setParameter(String name, Object value);
+
+  /**
+   * The same as bind for positioned parameters.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setParameter(int position, Object value);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the index of the first row of the results to return.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setFirstRow(int firstRow);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the maximum number of query results to return.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setMaxRows(int maxRows);
+
+  /**
+   * When resultSet columns are not able to be mapped to a bean property then instead of
+   * throwing effectively skip reading that column.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setRelaxedMode();
+
+  /**
+   * Set a label on the query to make it easier to identify queries related to query execution statistics.
+   *
+   * @param label A label that is unique to the DTO bean type.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setLabel(String label);
+
+  /**
+   * Set a timeout on this query.
+   * <p>
+   * This will typically result in a call to setQueryTimeout() on a
+   * preparedStatement. If the timeout occurs an exception will be thrown - this
+   * will be a SQLException wrapped up in a PersistenceException.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param secs the query timeout limit in seconds. Zero means there is no limit.
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setTimeout(int secs);
+
+  /**
+   * A hint which for JDBC translates to the Statement.fetchSize().
+   * <p>
+   * Gives the JDBC driver a hint as to the number of rows that should be
+   * fetched from the database when more rows are needed for ResultSet.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> setBufferFetchSizeHint(int bufferFetchSizeHint);
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/DuplicateKeyException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a duplicate is attempted on a unique constraint.
+ */
+public class DuplicateKeyException extends DataIntegrityException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -4771932723285724817L;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a message and cause.
+   */
+  public DuplicateKeyException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/Ebean.java

@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
 import io.ebean.cache.ServerCacheManager;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
+import io.ebean.plugin.Property;
 import io.ebean.text.csv.CsvReader;
 import io.ebean.text.json.JsonContext;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import javax.persistence.OptimisticLockException;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 /**
@@ -112,6 +117,10 @@ import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 public final class Ebean {
   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Ebean.class);
 
+  static {
+    EbeanVersion.getVersion(); // initalizes the version class and logs the version.
+  }
+
   /**
    * Manages creation and cache of EbeanServers.
    */
@@ -129,8 +138,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, EbeanServer> concMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
     /**
-     * Cache for synchronized read, creation and put. Protected by the monitor
-     * object.
+     * Cache for synchronized read, creation and put. Protected by the monitor object.
      */
     private final HashMap<String, EbeanServer> syncMap = new HashMap<>();
 
@@ -144,17 +152,10 @@ public final class Ebean {
     private ServerManager() {
 
       try {
-        // skipDefaultServer is set by EbeanServerFactory
-        // ... when it is creating the primaryServer
-        if (PrimaryServer.isSkip()) {
-          // primary server being created by EbeanServerFactory
-          // ... so we should not try and create it here
-          logger.debug("PrimaryServer.isSkip()");
-
-        } else {
+        if (!PrimaryServer.isSkip()) {
           // look to see if there is a default server defined
           String defaultName = PrimaryServer.getDefaultServerName();
-          logger.debug("defaultName:" + defaultName);
+          logger.debug("defaultName:{}", defaultName);
           if (defaultName != null && !defaultName.trim().isEmpty()) {
             defaultServer = getWithCreate(defaultName.trim());
           }
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Backdoor for registering a mock implementation of EbeanServer as the default  server.
+   * Backdoor for registering a mock implementation of EbeanServer as the default server.
    */
   protected static EbeanServer mock(String name, EbeanServer server, boolean defaultServer) {
     EbeanServer originalPrimaryServer = serverMgr.defaultServer;
@@ -371,9 +372,10 @@ public final class Ebean {
   /**
    * Start a transaction typically specifying REQUIRES_NEW or REQUIRED semantics.
    * <p>
-   * Note that this provides an try finally alternative to using {@link #execute(TxScope, TxCallable)} or
-   * {@link #execute(TxScope, TxRunnable)}.
+   * Note that this provides an try finally alternative to using {@link #executeCall(TxScope, Callable)} or
+   * {@link #execute(TxScope, Runnable)}.
    * </p>
+   * <p>
    * <h3>REQUIRES_NEW example:</h3>
    * <pre>{@code
    * // Start a new transaction. If there is a current transaction
@@ -428,6 +430,24 @@ public final class Ebean {
     return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().currentTransaction();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The batch will be flushing automatically but you can use this to explicitly
+   * flush the batch if you like.
+   * <p>
+   * Flushing occurs automatically when:
+   * </p>
+   * <ul>
+   * <li>the batch size is reached</li>
+   * <li>A query is executed on the same transaction</li>
+   * <li>UpdateSql or CallableSql are mixed with bean save and delete</li>
+   * <li>Transaction commit occurs</li>
+   * <li>A getter method is called on a batched bean</li>
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  public static void flush() {
+    currentTransaction().flush();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Register a TransactionCallback on the currently active transaction.
    * <p/>
@@ -618,6 +638,25 @@ public final class Ebean {
     serverMgr.getDefaultServer().updateAll(beans);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Merge the bean using the default merge options.
+   *
+   * @param bean The bean to merge
+   */
+  public static void merge(Object bean) {
+    serverMgr.getDefaultServer().merge(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge the bean using the given merge options.
+   *
+   * @param bean    The bean to merge
+   * @param options The options to control the merge
+   */
+  public static void merge(Object bean, MergeOptions options) {
+    serverMgr.getDefaultServer().merge(bean, options);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Save all the beans from a Collection.
    */
@@ -625,6 +664,65 @@ public final class Ebean {
     return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().saveAll(beans);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * This method checks the uniqueness of a bean. I.e. if the save will work. It will return the
+   * properties that violates an unique / primary key. This may be done in an UI save action to
+   * validate if the user has entered correct values.
+   * <p>
+   * Note: This method queries the DB for uniqueness of all indices, so do not use it in a batch update.
+   * <p>
+   * Note: This checks only the root bean!
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   // there is a unique constraint on title
+   *
+   *   Document doc = new Document();
+   *   doc.setTitle("One flew over the cuckoo's nest");
+   *   doc.setBody("clashes with doc1");
+   *
+   *   Set<Property> properties = server().checkUniqueness(doc);
+   *
+   *   if (properties.isEmpty()) {
+   *     // it is unique ... carry on
+   *
+   *   } else {
+   *     // build a user friendly message
+   *     // to return message back to user
+   *
+   *     String uniqueProperties = properties.toString();
+   *
+   *     StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
+   *
+   *     properties.forEach((it)-> {
+   *       Object propertyValue = it.getVal(doc);
+   *       String propertyName = it.getName();
+   *       msg.append(" property["+propertyName+"] value["+propertyValue+"]");
+   *     });
+   *
+   *     // uniqueProperties > [title]
+   *     //       custom msg > property[title] value[One flew over the cuckoo's nest]
+   *
+   *  }
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param bean The entity bean to check uniqueness on
+   * @return a set of Properties if constraint validation was detected or empty list.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  public static Set<Property> checkUniqueness(Object bean) {
+    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().checkUniqueness(bean);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@link #checkUniqueness(Object)}. but with given transaction.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  public static Set<Property> checkUniqueness(Object bean, Transaction transaction) {
+    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().checkUniqueness(bean, transaction);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Delete the bean.
    * <p>
@@ -804,7 +902,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
    * }</pre>
    * <p>
    * If you want more control over the query then you can use createQuery() and
-   * Query.findUnique();
+   * Query.findOne();
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
@@ -825,7 +923,8 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *
    *   // traverse the object graph...
    *
-   *   Order order = query.findUnique();
+   *   Order order = query.findOne();
+   *
    *   Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
    *   Address shippingAddress = customer.getShippingAddress();
    *   List<OrderDetail> details = order.getDetails();
@@ -941,7 +1040,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
    * predicates, order by, limits etc.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * You then use findList(), findSet(), findMap() and findUnique() to execute
+   * You then use findList(), findSet(), findMap() and findOne() to execute
    * the query and return the collection or bean.
    * </p>
    * <p>
@@ -973,7 +1072,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *   Query<Order> query = Ebean.createQuery(Order.class, eql);
    *   query.setParameter("orderId", 2);
    *
-   *   Order order = query.findUnique();
+   *   Order order = query.findOne();
    *
    *   // This is the same as:
    *
@@ -982,7 +1081,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *     .fetch("details")
    *     .fetch("detail.product", "name")
    *     .setId(2)
-   *     .findUnique();
+   *     .findOne();
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
@@ -1036,6 +1135,21 @@ public final class Ebean {
     return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().findNative(beanType, nativeSql);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Create a Query for DTO beans.
+   * <p>
+   * DTO beans are just normal bean like classes with public constructor(s) and setters.
+   * They do not need to be registered with Ebean before use.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param dtoType The type of the DTO bean the rows will be mapped into.
+   * @param sql     The SQL query to execute.
+   * @param <T>     The type of the DTO bean.
+   */
+  public static <T> DtoQuery<T> findDto(Class<T> dtoType, String sql) {
+    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().findDto(dtoType, sql);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Create an Update query to perform a bulk update.
    * <p>
@@ -1163,20 +1277,20 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  public static void execute(TxScope scope, TxRunnable r) {
+  public static void execute(TxScope scope, Runnable r) {
     serverMgr.getDefaultServer().execute(scope, r);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Execute a TxRunnable in a Transaction with the default scope.
+   * Execute a Runnable in a Transaction with the default scope.
    * <p>
    * The default scope runs with REQUIRED and by default will rollback on any
    * exception (checked or runtime).
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   Ebean.execute(new TxRunnable() {
-   *     public void run() {
+   *   Ebean.execute(() -> {
+   *
    *       User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
    *       User u2 = Ebean.find(User.class, 2);
    *
@@ -1185,17 +1299,17 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *
    *       Ebean.save(u1);
    *       Ebean.save(u2);
-   *     }
+   *
    *   });
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  public static void execute(TxRunnable r) {
+  public static void execute(Runnable r) {
     serverMgr.getDefaultServer().execute(r);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Execute a TxCallable in a Transaction with an explicit scope.
+   * Execute a Callable in a Transaction with an explicit scope.
    * <p>
    * The scope can control the transaction type, isolation and rollback
    * semantics.
@@ -1205,7 +1319,7 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *   // set specific transactional scope settings
    *   TxScope scope = TxScope.requiresNew().setIsolation(TxIsolation.SERIALIZABLE);
    *
-   *   Ebean.execute(scope, new TxCallable<String>() {
+   *   Ebean.executeCall(scope, new Callable<String>() {
    * 	   public String call() {
    * 		   User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
    * 		   ...
@@ -1215,12 +1329,12 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  public static <T> T execute(TxScope scope, TxCallable<T> c) {
-    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().execute(scope, c);
+  public static <T> T executeCall(TxScope scope, Callable<T> c) {
+    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().executeCall(scope, c);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Execute a TxCallable in a Transaction with the default scope.
+   * Execute a Callable in a Transaction with the default scope.
    * <p>
    * The default scope runs with REQUIRED and by default will rollback on any
    * exception (checked or runtime).
@@ -1231,8 +1345,8 @@ public final class Ebean {
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   Ebean.execute(new TxCallable<String>() {
-   *     public String call() {
+   *   Ebean.executeCall(() -> {
+   *
    *       User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
    *       User u2 = Ebean.find(User.class, 2);
    *
@@ -1243,13 +1357,13 @@ public final class Ebean {
    *       Ebean.save(u2);
    *
    *       return u1.getEmail();
-   *     }
+   *
    *   });
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  public static <T> T execute(TxCallable<T> c) {
-    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().execute(c);
+  public static <T> T executeCall(Callable<T> c) {
+    return serverMgr.getDefaultServer().executeCall(c);
   }
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/EbeanServer.java

@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
 import io.ebean.cache.ServerCacheManager;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
 import io.ebean.meta.MetaInfoManager;
+import io.ebean.plugin.Property;
 import io.ebean.plugin.SpiServer;
 import io.ebean.text.csv.CsvReader;
 import io.ebean.text.json.JsonContext;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import javax.persistence.NonUniqueResultException;
 import javax.persistence.OptimisticLockException;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
@@ -232,12 +237,12 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    *   // Find order additionally fetching the customer, details and details.product name.
    *
-   *   String eql = "fetch customer fetch details fetch details.product (name) where id = :orderId ";
+   *   String ormQuery = "fetch customer fetch details fetch details.product (name) where id = :orderId ";
    *
-   *   Query<Order> query = Ebean.createQuery(Order.class, eql);
+   *   Query<Order> query = Ebean.createQuery(Order.class, ormQuery);
    *   query.setParameter("orderId", 2);
    *
-   *   Order order = query.findUnique();
+   *   Order order = query.findOne();
    *
    *   // This is the same as:
    *
@@ -246,16 +251,16 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *     .fetch("details")
    *     .fetch("detail.product", "name")
    *     .setId(2)
-   *     .findUnique();
+   *     .findOne();
    *
    * }</pre>
    *
    * @param beanType The type of bean to fetch
-   * @param eql      The Ebean query
+   * @param ormQuery The Ebean ORM query
    * @param <T>      The type of the entity bean
    * @return The query with expressions defined as per the parsed query statement
    */
-  <T> Query<T> createQuery(Class<T> beanType, String eql);
+  <T> Query<T> createQuery(Class<T> beanType, String ormQuery);
 
   /**
    * Create a query for a type of entity bean.
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * predicates, order by, limits etc.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * You then use findList(), findSet(), findMap() and findUnique() to execute
+   * You then use findList(), findSet(), findMap() and findOne() to execute
    * the query and return the collection or bean.
    * </p>
    * <p>
@@ -284,7 +289,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *     .fetch("details")
    *     .fetch("detail.product", "name")
    *     .setId(2)
-   *     .findUnique();
+   *     .findOne();
    *
    *   // find some new orders ... with firstRow/maxRows
    *   List<Order> orders =
@@ -419,6 +424,32 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   <T> Update<T> createUpdate(Class<T> beanType, String ormUpdate);
 
+  /**
+   * Create a Query for DTO beans.
+   * <p>
+   * DTO beans are just normal bean like classes with public constructor(s) and setters.
+   * They do not need to be registered with Ebean before use.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param dtoType The type of the DTO bean the rows will be mapped into.
+   * @param sql     The SQL query to execute.
+   * @param <T>     The type of the DTO bean.
+   */
+  <T> DtoQuery<T> findDto(Class<T> dtoType, String sql);
+
+  /**
+   * Create a named Query for DTO beans.
+   * <p>
+   * DTO beans are just normal bean like classes with public constructor(s) and setters.
+   * They do not need to be registered with Ebean before use.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param dtoType    The type of the DTO bean the rows will be mapped into.
+   * @param namedQuery The name of the query
+   * @param <T>        The type of the DTO bean.
+   */
+  <T> DtoQuery<T> createNamedDtoQuery(Class<T> dtoType, String namedQuery);
+
   /**
    * Create a SqlQuery for executing native sql
    * query statements.
@@ -490,30 +521,44 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * etc.
    * </p>
    * <p>
+   * <h3>Using try with resources</h3>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *    // start a transaction (stored in a ThreadLocal)
-   *    ebeanServer.beginTransaction();
+   *
+   *    try (Transaction txn = ebeanServer.beginTransaction()) {
+   *
+   * 	    Order order = ebeanServer.find(Order.class,10);
+   * 	    ...
+   * 	    ebeanServer.save(order);
+   *
+   * 	    txn.commit();
+   *    }
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   * <p>
+   * <h3>Using try finally block</h3>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *    // start a transaction (stored in a ThreadLocal)
+   *    Transaction txn = ebeanServer.beginTransaction();
    *    try {
    * 	    Order order = ebeanServer.find(Order.class,10);
    *
    * 	    ebeanServer.save(order);
    *
-   * 	    ebeanServer.commitTransaction();
+   * 	    txn.commit();
    *
    *    } finally {
-   * 	    // rollback if we didn't commit
-   * 	    // i.e. an exception occurred before commitTransaction().
-   * 	    ebeanServer.endTransaction();
+   * 	    txn.end();
    *    }
    *
    * }</pre>
    * <p>
-   * <h3>Transaction options:</h3>
+   * <h3>Transaction options</h3>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *     Transaction txn = ebeanServer.beginTransaction();
-   *     try {
+   *     try (Transaction txn = ebeanServer.beginTransaction()) {
    *       // explicitly turn on/off JDBC batch use
    *       txn.setBatchMode(true);
    *       txn.setBatchSize(50);
@@ -534,10 +579,6 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *       ...
    *
    *       txn.commit();
-   *
-   *    } finally {
-   *       // rollback if necessary
-   *       txn.end();
    *    }
    *
    * }</pre>
@@ -559,27 +600,24 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * Start a transaction typically specifying REQUIRES_NEW or REQUIRED semantics.
    * <p>
    * <p>
-   * Note that this provides an try finally alternative to using {@link #execute(TxScope, TxCallable)} or
-   * {@link #execute(TxScope, TxRunnable)}.
+   * Note that this provides an try finally alternative to using {@link #executeCall(TxScope, Callable)} or
+   * {@link #execute(TxScope, Runnable)}.
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * <h3>REQUIRES_NEW example:</h3>
    * <pre>{@code
    * // Start a new transaction. If there is a current transaction
    * // suspend it until this transaction ends
-   * Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction(TxScope.requiresNew());
-   * try {
+   * try (Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction(TxScope.requiresNew())) {
    *
    *   ...
    *
    *   // commit the transaction
    *   txn.commit();
    *
-   * } finally {
-   *   // end this transaction which:
-   *   //  A) will rollback transaction if it has not been committed already
+   *   // At end this transaction will:
+   *   //  A) will rollback transaction if it has not been committed
    *   //  B) will restore a previously suspended transaction
-   *   txn.end();
    * }
    *
    * }</pre>
@@ -588,20 +626,13 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * // start a new transaction if there is not a current transaction
-   * Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction(TxScope.required());
-   * try {
+   * try (Transaction txn = server.beginTransaction(TxScope.required())) {
    *
    *   ...
    *
    *   // commit the transaction if it was created or
    *   // do nothing if there was already a current transaction
    *   txn.commit();
-   *
-   * } finally {
-   *   // end this transaction which will rollback the transaction
-   *   // if it was created for this try finally scope and has not
-   *   // already been committed
-   *   txn.end();
    * }
    *
    * }</pre>
@@ -613,6 +644,19 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   Transaction currentTransaction();
 
+  /**
+   * Flush the JDBC batch on the current transaction.
+   * <p>
+   * This only is useful when JDBC batch is used. Flush occurs automatically when the
+   * transaction commits or batch size is reached. This manually flushes the JDBC batch
+   * buffer.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * This is the same as <code>currentTransaction().flush()</code>.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  void flush();
+
   /**
    * Commit the current transaction.
    */
@@ -680,7 +724,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * <p>
    * <p>
    * If you want more control over the query then you can use createQuery() and
-   * Query.findUnique();
+   * Query.findOne();
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
@@ -700,7 +744,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *   query.fetch("details.product", "name");
    *
    *
-   *   Order order = query.findUnique();
+   *   Order order = query.findOne();
    *
    *   // traverse the object graph...
    *
@@ -716,6 +760,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @param beanType the type of entity bean to fetch
    * @param id       the id value
    */
+  @Nullable
   <T> T find(Class<T> beanType, Object id);
 
   /**
@@ -759,6 +804,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @param beanType the type of entity bean
    * @param id       the id value
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> T getReference(Class<T> beanType, Object id);
 
   /**
@@ -774,6 +820,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    * @see Query#findIds()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A, T> List<A> findIds(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -793,6 +840,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @see Query#findEach(Consumer)
    * @see Query#findEachWhile(Predicate)
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> QueryIterator<T> findIterate(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -829,7 +877,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * Execute the query visiting the each bean one at a time.
    * <p>
    * Compared to findEach() this provides the ability to stop processing the query
-   * results early by returning false for the QueryEachWhileConsumer.
+   * results early by returning false for the Predicate.
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * Unlike findList() this is suitable for processing a query that will return
@@ -869,6 +917,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * It will execute the query against the history returning the versions of the bean.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> List<Version<T>> findVersions(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -894,6 +943,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return the list of fetched beans.
    * @see Query#findList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> List<T> findList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -909,6 +959,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return a Future object for the row count query
    * @see Query#findFutureCount()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> FutureRowCount<T> findFutureCount(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -924,6 +975,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return a Future object for the list of Id's
    * @see Query#findFutureIds()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> FutureIds<T> findFutureIds(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -940,6 +992,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return a Future object for the list result of the query
    * @see Query#findFutureList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> FutureList<T> findFutureList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -971,6 +1024,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return The PagedList
    * @see Query#findPagedList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> PagedList<T> findPagedList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -996,6 +1050,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return the set of fetched beans.
    * @see Query#findSet()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <T> Set<T> findSet(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -1012,6 +1067,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return the map of fetched beans.
    * @see Query#findMap()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <K, T> Map<K, T> findMap(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -1044,6 +1100,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return the list of values for the selected property
    * @see Query#findSingleAttributeList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A, T> List<A> findSingleAttributeList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -1053,7 +1110,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * This will throw a NonUniqueResultException if the query finds more than one result.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * Generally you are able to use {@link Query#findUnique()} rather than
+   * Generally you are able to use {@link Query#findOne()} rather than
    * explicitly calling this method. You could use this method if you wish to
    * explicitly control the transaction used for the query.
    * </p>
@@ -1063,10 +1120,16 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @param transaction the transaction to use (can be null).
    * @return the list of fetched beans.
    * @throws NonUniqueResultException if more than one result was found
-   * @see Query#findUnique()
+   * @see Query#findOne()
    */
   @Nullable
-  <T> T findUnique(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
+  <T> T findOne(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
+
+  /**
+   * Similar to findOne() but returns an Optional (rather than nullable).
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  <T> Optional<T> findOneOrEmpty(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
    * Execute as a delete query deleting the 'root level' beans that match the predicates
@@ -1109,6 +1172,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @return the list of fetched MapBean.
    * @see SqlQuery#findList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<SqlRow> findList(SqlQuery query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
@@ -1137,7 +1201,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * result.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * Generally you are able to use {@link SqlQuery#findUnique()} rather than
+   * Generally you are able to use {@link SqlQuery#findOne()} rather than
    * explicitly calling this method. You could use this method if you wish to
    * explicitly control the transaction used for the query.
    * </p>
@@ -1145,10 +1209,10 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * @param query       the query to execute.
    * @param transaction the transaction to use (can be null).
    * @return the fetched MapBean or null if none was found.
-   * @see SqlQuery#findUnique()
+   * @see SqlQuery#findOne()
    */
   @Nullable
-  SqlRow findUnique(SqlQuery query, Transaction transaction);
+  SqlRow findOne(SqlQuery query, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
    * Either Insert or Update the bean depending on its state.
@@ -1423,6 +1487,61 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   int saveAll(Collection<?> beans, Transaction transaction) throws OptimisticLockException;
 
+  /**
+   * This method checks the uniqueness of a bean. I.e. if the save will work. It will return the
+   * properties that violates an unique / primary key. This may be done in an UI save action to
+   * validate if the user has entered correct values.
+   * <p>
+   * Note: This method queries the DB for uniqueness of all indices, so do not use it in a batch update.
+   * <p>
+   * Note: This checks only the root bean!
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   // there is a unique constraint on title
+   *
+   *   Document doc = new Document();
+   *   doc.setTitle("One flew over the cuckoo's nest");
+   *   doc.setBody("clashes with doc1");
+   *
+   *   Set<Property> properties = server().checkUniqueness(doc);
+   *
+   *   if (properties.isEmpty()) {
+   *     // it is unique ... carry on
+   *
+   *   } else {
+   *     // build a user friendly message
+   *     // to return message back to user
+   *
+   *     String uniqueProperties = properties.toString();
+   *
+   *     StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
+   *
+   *     properties.forEach((it)-> {
+   *       Object propertyValue = it.getVal(doc);
+   *       String propertyName = it.getName();
+   *       msg.append(" property["+propertyName+"] value["+propertyValue+"]");
+   *     });
+   *
+   *     // uniqueProperties > [title]
+   *     //       custom msg > property[title] value[One flew over the cuckoo's nest]
+   *
+   *  }
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param bean The entity bean to check uniqueness on
+   * @return a set of Properties if constraint validation was detected or empty list.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Set<Property> checkUniqueness(Object bean);
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@link #checkUniqueness(Object)}. but with given transaction.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Set<Property> checkUniqueness(Object bean, Transaction transaction);
+
   /**
    * Marks the entity bean as dirty.
    * <p>
@@ -1509,6 +1628,29 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   void updateAll(Collection<?> beans, Transaction transaction) throws OptimisticLockException;
 
+  /**
+   * Merge the bean using the default merge options (no paths specified, default delete).
+   *
+   * @param bean The bean to merge
+   */
+  void merge(Object bean);
+
+  /**
+   * Merge the bean using the given merge options.
+   *
+   * @param bean    The bean to merge
+   * @param options The options to control the merge
+   */
+  void merge(Object bean, MergeOptions options);
+
+  /**
+   * Merge the bean using the given merge options and a transaction.
+   *
+   * @param bean    The bean to merge
+   * @param options The options to control the merge
+   */
+  void merge(Object bean, MergeOptions options, Transaction transaction);
+
   /**
    * Insert the bean.
    * <p>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
   int execute(CallableSql callableSql, Transaction transaction);
 
   /**
-   * Execute a TxRunnable in a Transaction with an explicit scope.
+   * Execute a Runnable in a Transaction with an explicit scope.
    * <p>
    * The scope can control the transaction type, isolation and rollback
    * semantics.
@@ -1557,7 +1699,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *   // set specific transactional scope settings
    *   TxScope scope = TxScope.requiresNew().setIsolation(TxIsolation.SERIALIZABLE);
    *
-   *   ebeanServer.execute(scope, new TxRunnable() {
+   *   ebeanServer.execute(scope, new Runnable() {
    * 	   public void run() {
    * 		   User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
    * 		   ...
@@ -1566,10 +1708,10 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  void execute(TxScope scope, TxRunnable runnable);
+  void execute(TxScope scope, Runnable runnable);
 
   /**
-   * Execute a TxRunnable in a Transaction with the default scope.
+   * Execute a Runnable in a Transaction with the default scope.
    * <p>
    * The default scope runs with REQUIRED and by default will rollback on any
    * exception (checked or runtime).
@@ -1577,8 +1719,8 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *    ebeanServer.execute(new TxRunnable() {
-   *      public void run() {
+   *    ebeanServer.execute(() -> {
+   *
    *        User u1 = ebeanServer.find(User.class, 1);
    *        User u2 = ebeanServer.find(User.class, 2);
    *
@@ -1587,12 +1729,12 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    *        ebeanServer.save(u1);
    *        ebeanServer.save(u2);
-   *      }
+   *
    *    });
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  void execute(TxRunnable runnable);
+  void execute(Runnable runnable);
 
   /**
    * Execute a TxCallable in a Transaction with an explicit scope.
@@ -1606,7 +1748,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *   // set specific transactional scope settings
    *   TxScope scope = TxScope.requiresNew().setIsolation(TxIsolation.SERIALIZABLE);
    *
-   *   ebeanServer.execute(scope, new TxCallable<String>() {
+   *   ebeanServer.executeCall(scope, new Callable<String>() {
    * 	   public String call() {
    * 		   User u1 = ebeanServer.find(User.class, 1);
    * 		   ...
@@ -1616,7 +1758,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  <T> T execute(TxScope scope, TxCallable<T> callable);
+  <T> T executeCall(TxScope scope, Callable<T> callable);
 
   /**
    * Execute a TxCallable in a Transaction with the default scope.
@@ -1625,13 +1767,9 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    * exception (checked or runtime).
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * This is basically the same as TxRunnable except that it returns an Object
-   * (and you specify the return type via generics).
-   * </p>
-   * <p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
-   *   ebeanServer.execute(new TxCallable<String>() {
+   *   ebeanServer.executeCall(new Callable<String>() {
    *     public String call() {
    *       User u1 = ebeanServer.find(User.class, 1);
    *       User u2 = ebeanServer.find(User.class, 2);
@@ -1648,7 +1786,7 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
-  <T> T execute(TxCallable<T> callable);
+  <T> T executeCall(Callable<T> callable);
 
   /**
    * Return the manager of the server cache ("L2" cache).

src/main/java/io/ebean/EbeanServerFactory.java

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import io.ebean.common.SpiContainer;
 import io.ebean.config.ContainerConfig;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
-import io.ebeaninternal.server.lib.ShutdownManager;
+import io.ebean.service.SpiContainer;
+import io.ebean.service.SpiContainerFactory;
 
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
-import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 
 /**
  * Creates EbeanServer instances.
@@ -30,10 +31,12 @@ import java.util.Properties;
 public class EbeanServerFactory {
 
 
-  private static final String DEFAULT_CONTAINER = "io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultContainer";
-
   private static SpiContainer container;
 
+  static {
+    EbeanVersion.getVersion(); // initalizes the version class and logs the version.
+  }
+
   /**
    * Initialise the container with clustering configuration.
    * <p>
@@ -66,10 +69,8 @@ public class EbeanServerFactory {
 
     EbeanServer server = createInternal(config);
 
-    if (config.isDefaultServer()) {
-      PrimaryServer.setSkip(true);
-    }
     if (config.isRegister()) {
+      PrimaryServer.setSkip(true);
       Ebean.register(server, config.isDefaultServer());
     }
 
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ public class EbeanServerFactory {
    * </p>
    */
   public static synchronized void shutdown() {
-    ShutdownManager.shutdown();
+    container.shutdown();
   }
 
 
@@ -135,14 +136,10 @@ public class EbeanServerFactory {
    */
   protected static SpiContainer createContainer(ContainerConfig containerConfig) {
 
-    String implClassName = System.getProperty("ebean.container", DEFAULT_CONTAINER);
-
-    try {
-      Class<?> cls = Class.forName(implClassName);
-      Constructor<?> constructor = cls.getConstructor(ContainerConfig.class);
-      return (SpiContainer) constructor.newInstance(containerConfig);
-    } catch (Exception ex) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+    Iterator<SpiContainerFactory> factories = ServiceLoader.load(SpiContainerFactory.class).iterator();
+    if (factories.hasNext()) {
+      return factories.next().create(containerConfig);
     }
+    throw new IllegalStateException("Service loader didn't find a SpiContainerFactory?");
   }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/EbeanVersion.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Properties;
+/**
+ * Class to determine the ebean version. (
+ * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
+ *
+ */
+public class EbeanVersion {
+  private EbeanVersion() {
+
+  }
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EbeanVersion.class);
+
+  private static String version = "unknown";
+  static {
+    try {
+      Properties prop = new Properties();
+      try (InputStream in = Ebean.class.getResourceAsStream("/META-INF/maven/io.ebean/ebean/pom.properties")) {
+        if (in != null) {
+          prop.load(in);
+          in.close();
+          version = prop.getProperty("version");
+        }
+      }
+      logger.info("ebean version: {}", version);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.warn("Could not determine ebean version: {}", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the ebean version (read from /META-INF/maven/io.ebean/ebean/pom.properties)
+   */
+  public static String getVersion() {
+    return version;
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExpressionFactory.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import io.ebean.search.TextQueryString;
 import io.ebean.search.TextSimple;
 
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
@@ -247,6 +246,11 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression icontains(String propertyName, String value);
 
+  /**
+   * In expression using pairs of value objects.
+   */
+  Expression inPairs(Pairs pairs);
+
   /**
    * In - property has a value in the array of values.
    */
@@ -308,9 +312,9 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
   Expression idIn(Object... idValues);
 
   /**
-   * Id IN a list of Id values.
+   * Id IN a collection of Id values.
    */
-  Expression idIn(List<?> idList);
+  Expression idIn(Collection<?> idCollection);
 
   /**
    * All Equal - Map containing property names and their values.
@@ -323,6 +327,30 @@ public interface ExpressionFactory {
    */
   Expression allEq(Map<String, Object> propertyMap);
 
+  /**
+   * Add expression for ANY of the given bit flags to be set.
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  Expression bitwiseAny(String propertyName, long flags);
+
+  /**
+   * Add expression for ALL of the given bit flags to be set.
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  Expression bitwiseAll(String propertyName, long flags);
+
+  /**
+   * Add bitwise AND expression of the given bit flags to compare with the match/mask.
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  Expression bitwiseAnd(String propertyName, long flags, long match);
+
   /**
    * Add raw expression with a single parameter.
    * <p>

src/main/java/io/ebean/ExpressionList.java

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import io.ebean.search.MultiMatch;
 import io.ebean.search.TextCommonTerms;
 import io.ebean.search.TextQueryString;
 import io.ebean.search.TextSimple;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import javax.persistence.NonUniqueResultException;
 import java.sql.Timestamp;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -118,6 +120,27 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   Query<T> asDraft();
 
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause which results in the DB locking the record.
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdate();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause with No Wait option.
+   * <p>
+   * This is typically a Postgres and Oracle only option at this stage.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdateNoWait();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause with Skip Locked option.
+   * <p>
+   * This is typically a Postgres and Oracle only option at this stage.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdateSkipLocked();
+
   /**
    * Execute the query including soft deleted rows.
    */
@@ -170,6 +193,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @see Query#findList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<T> findList();
 
   /**
@@ -177,6 +201,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @see Query#findIds()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A> List<A> findIds();
 
   /**
@@ -192,6 +217,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @see Query#findSet()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   Set<T> findSet();
 
   /**
@@ -199,6 +225,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @see Query#findMap()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <K> Map<K, T> findMap();
 
   /**
@@ -231,8 +258,27 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @return the list of values for the selected property
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A> List<A> findSingleAttributeList();
 
+  /**
+   * Execute a query returning a single value of a single property/column.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  String name =
+   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *      .select("name")
+   *      .where().eq("id", 42)
+   *      .findSingleAttribute();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  default <A> A findSingleAttribute() {
+    List<A> list = findSingleAttributeList();
+    return !list.isEmpty() ? list.get(0) : null;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Execute the query returning a single bean or null (if no matching
    * bean is found).
@@ -242,10 +288,16 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * </p>
    *
    * @throws NonUniqueResultException if more than one result was found
-   * @see Query#findUnique()
+   * @see Query#findOne()
    */
   @Nullable
-  T findUnique();
+  T findOne();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning an optional bean.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Optional<T> findOneOrEmpty();
 
   /**
    * Execute find row count query in a background thread.
@@ -257,6 +309,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the row count query
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureRowCount<T> findFutureCount();
 
   /**
@@ -269,6 +322,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the list of Id's
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureIds<T> findFutureIds();
 
   /**
@@ -281,6 +335,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the list result of the query
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureList<T> findFutureList();
 
   /**
@@ -312,6 +367,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * @return The PagedList
    * @see Query#findPagedList()
    */
+  @Nonnull
   PagedList<T> findPagedList();
 
   /**
@@ -321,6 +377,7 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * It will execute the query against the history returning the versions of the bean.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<Version<T>> findVersions();
 
   /**
@@ -330,11 +387,13 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    * It will execute the query against the history returning the versions of the bean.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<Version<T>> findVersionsBetween(Timestamp start, Timestamp end);
 
   /**
    * Add some filter predicate expressions to the many property.
    */
+  @Nonnull
   ExpressionList<T> filterMany(String prop);
 
   /**
@@ -398,18 +457,67 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
   Query<T> setMapKey(String mapKey);
 
   /**
-   * Set to true to use the query for executing this query.
+   * Set to true when this query should use the bean cache.
+   * <p>
+   * This is now the same as setUseBeanCache(CacheMode.ON) and will be deprecated.
+   * </p>
    *
    * @see Query#setUseCache(boolean)
    */
   Query<T> setUseCache(boolean useCache);
 
   /**
-   * Set to true to use the query for executing this query.
+   * Set the mode to use the bean cache when executing this query.
+   *
+   * @see Query#setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode)
+   */
+  Query<T> setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode beanCacheMode);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the {@link CacheMode} to use the query cache for executing this query.
    *
    * @see Query#setUseQueryCache(boolean)
    */
-  Query<T> setUseQueryCache(boolean useCache);
+  Query<T> setUseQueryCache(CacheMode useCache);
+
+  /**
+   * Extended version for setDistinct in conjunction with "findSingleAttributeList";
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  List<CountedValue<Order.Status>> orderStatusCount =
+   *
+   *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *      .select("status")
+   *      .where()
+   *      .gt("orderDate", LocalDate.now().minusMonths(3))
+   *
+   *      // fetch as single attribute with a COUNT
+   *      .setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder.COUNT_DESC_ATTR_ASC)
+   *      .findSingleAttributeList();
+   *
+   *     for (CountedValue<Order.Status> entry : orderStatusCount) {
+   *       System.out.println(" count:" + entry.getCount()+" orderStatus:" + entry.getValue() );
+   *     }
+   *
+   *   // produces
+   *
+   *   count:3 orderStatus:NEW
+   *   count:1 orderStatus:SHIPPED
+   *   count:1 orderStatus:COMPLETE
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  Query<T> setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder orderBy);
+
+  /**
+   * Calls {@link #setUseQueryCache(CacheMode)} with <code>ON</code> or <code>OFF</code>.
+   *
+   * @see Query#setUseQueryCache(CacheMode)
+   */
+  default Query<T> setUseQueryCache(boolean enabled) {
+    return setUseQueryCache(enabled ? CacheMode.ON : CacheMode.OFF);
+  }
 
   /**
    * Set to true if this query should execute against the doc store.
@@ -437,6 +545,11 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   Query<T> setDisableReadAuditing();
 
+  /**
+   * Set a label on the query (to help identify query execution statistics).
+   */
+  Query<T> setLabel(String label);
+
   /**
    * Add expressions to the having clause.
    * <p>
@@ -743,6 +856,11 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> icontains(String propertyName, String value);
 
+  /**
+   * In expression using pairs of value objects.
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> inPairs(Pairs pairs);
+
   /**
    * In - using a subQuery.
    */
@@ -758,6 +876,36 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> in(String propertyName, Collection<?> values);
 
+  /**
+   * In - using a subQuery.
+   * <p>
+   * This is exactly the same as in() and provided due to "in" being a Kotlin keyword
+   * (and hence to avoid the slightly ugly escaping when using in() in Kotlin)
+   */
+  default ExpressionList<T> isIn(String propertyName, Query<?> subQuery) {
+    return in(propertyName, subQuery);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * In - property has a value in the array of values.
+   * <p>
+   * This is exactly the same as in() and provided due to "in" being a Kotlin keyword
+   * (and hence to avoid the slightly ugly escaping when using in() in Kotlin)
+   */
+  default ExpressionList<T> isIn(String propertyName, Object... values) {
+    return in(propertyName, values);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * In - property has a value in the collection of values.
+   * <p>
+   * This is exactly the same as in() and provided due to "in" being a Kotlin keyword
+   * (and hence to avoid the slightly ugly escaping when using in() in Kotlin)
+   */
+  default ExpressionList<T> isIn(String propertyName, Collection<?> values) {
+    return in(propertyName, values);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Not In - property has a value in the array of values.
    */
@@ -799,9 +947,9 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
   ExpressionList<T> idIn(Object... idValues);
 
   /**
-   * Id IN a list of id values.
+   * Id IN a collection of id values.
    */
-  ExpressionList<T> idIn(List<?> idValues);
+  ExpressionList<T> idIn(Collection<?> idValues);
 
   /**
    * Id Equal to - ID property is equal to the value.
@@ -848,6 +996,53 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> {
    */
   ExpressionList<T> arrayIsNotEmpty(String propertyName);
 
+  /**
+   * Add expression for ANY of the given bit flags to be set.
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   * where().bitwiseAny("flags", BwFlags.HAS_BULK + BwFlags.HAS_COLOUR)
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> bitwiseAny(String propertyName, long flags);
+
+  /**
+   * Add expression for ALL of the given bit flags to be set.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   * where().bitwiseAll("flags", BwFlags.HAS_BULK + BwFlags.HAS_COLOUR)
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> bitwiseAll(String propertyName, long flags);
+
+  /**
+   * Add bitwise AND expression of the given bit flags to compare with the match/mask.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   * // Flags Bulk + Size = Size
+   * // ... meaning Bulk is not set and Size is set
+   *
+   * long selectedFlags = BwFlags.HAS_BULK + BwFlags.HAS_SIZE;
+   * long mask = BwFlags.HAS_SIZE; // Only Size flag set
+   *
+   * where().bitwiseAnd("flags", selectedFlags, mask)
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param propertyName The property that holds the flags value
+   * @param flags        The flags we are looking for
+   */
+  ExpressionList<T> bitwiseAnd(String propertyName, long flags, long match);
+
   /**
    * Add raw expression with a single parameter.
    * <p>

src/main/java/io/ebean/Finder.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ import java.util.List;
  * </p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * public class CustomerFinder extends Finder<Customer> {
+ * public class CustomerFinder extends Finder<Long,Customer> {
  *
  *   public CustomerFinder() {
  *     super(Customer.class);
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ import java.util.List;
  *   // Add your customer finder methods ...
  *
  *   public Customer byName(String name) {
- *     return query().eq("name", name).findUnique();
+ *     return query().eq("name", name).findOne();
  *   }
  *
  *   public List<Customer> findNew() {
- *     return query()
+ *     return query().where()
  *       .eq("status", Customer.Status.NEW)
  *       .orderBy("name")
  *       .findList()
@@ -92,6 +93,20 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
     this.serverName = serverName;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the current transaction.
+   */
+  public Transaction currentTransaction() {
+    return db().currentTransaction();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush the JDBC batch on the current transaction.
+   */
+  public void flush() {
+    db().flush();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the underlying 'default' EbeanServer.
    * <p>
@@ -118,6 +133,7 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
    * <p>
    * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#getReference(Class, Object)}
    */
+  @Nonnull
   public T ref(I id) {
     return db().getReference(type, id);
   }
@@ -144,10 +160,33 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   /**
    * Retrieves all entities of the given type.
    */
+  @Nonnull
   public List<T> all() {
     return query().findList();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates an update query.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  int rows =
+   *      finder.update()
+   *      .set("status", Customer.Status.ACTIVE)
+   *      .set("updtime", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()))
+   *      .where()
+   *        .gt("id", 1000)
+   *        .update();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Equivalent to {@link EbeanServer#update(Class)}
+   */
+  public UpdateQuery<T> update() {
+    return db().update(type);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates a query.
    * <p>
@@ -163,4 +202,12 @@ public class Finder<I, T> {
   public Query<T> nativeSql(String nativeSql) {
     return db().findNative(type, nativeSql);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a query using the ORM query language.
+   */
+  public Query<T> query(String ormQuery) {
+    return db().createQuery(type, ormQuery);
+  }
+
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/LikeType.java

@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ package io.ebean;
 public enum LikeType {
 
   /**
-   * You need to put in your own wildcards.
+   * You need to put in your own wildcards - no escaping is performed.
    */
   RAW,
 
   /**
-   * The % wildcard is added to the end of the search word.
+   * The % wildcard is added to the end of the search word and search word is escaped.
    */
   STARTS_WITH,
 
   /**
-   * The % wildcard is added to the beginning of the search word.
+   * The % wildcard is added to the beginning of the search word and search word is escaped.
    */
   ENDS_WITH,
 
   /**
-   * The % wildcard is added to the beginning and end of the search word.
+   * The % wildcard is added to the beginning and end of the search word and search word is escaped.
    */
   CONTAINS,
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/MergeOptions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Options used to control a merge. Use MergeOptionsBuilder to create an instance.
+ * <p>
+ * Instances of MergeOptions are thread safe and safe to share across threads.
+ */
+public interface MergeOptions {
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if Id values are supplied by the client.
+   * <p>
+   * This would be the case when for example a mobile creates data in it's own local database
+   * and then sync's. In this case often the id values are UUID.
+   */
+  boolean isClientGeneratedIds();
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if delete permanent should be used and false for 'normal' delete that allows soft deletes.
+   */
+  boolean isDeletePermanent();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the paths included in the merge.
+   */
+  Set<String> paths();
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/MergeOptionsBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Builds a MergeOptions which is immutable and thread safe.
+ */
+public class MergeOptionsBuilder {
+
+  private static final MOptions DEFAULT_OPTIONS = new MOptions();
+
+  private Set<String> paths = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
+  private boolean clientGeneratedIds;
+
+  private boolean deletePermanent;
+
+  /**
+   * Return the default options.
+   */
+  public static MergeOptions defaultOptions() {
+    return DEFAULT_OPTIONS;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a path that will included in the merge.
+   *
+   * @param path The path relative to the root type.
+   * @return The builder to chain another addPath() or build().
+   */
+  public MergeOptionsBuilder addPath(String path) {
+    paths.add(path);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if Id values are supplied by the client.
+   * <p>
+   * This would be the case when for example a mobile creates data in it's own local database
+   * and then sync's. In this case often the id values are UUID.
+   */
+  public MergeOptionsBuilder setClientGeneratedIds() {
+    this.clientGeneratedIds = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set that deletions should use delete permanent (rather than default which allows soft deletes).
+   */
+  public MergeOptionsBuilder setDeletePermanent() {
+    this.deletePermanent = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build and return the MergeOptions instance.
+   */
+  public MergeOptions build() {
+    return new MOptions(paths, clientGeneratedIds, deletePermanent);
+  }
+
+  private static class MOptions implements MergeOptions {
+
+    private final boolean clientGeneratedIds;
+    private final boolean deletePermanent;
+    private final Set<String> paths;
+
+    private MOptions(){
+      this.clientGeneratedIds = false;
+      this.paths = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+      this.deletePermanent = false;
+    }
+
+    private MOptions(Set<String> paths, boolean clientGeneratedIds, boolean deletePermanent) {
+      this.paths = paths;
+      this.clientGeneratedIds = clientGeneratedIds;
+      this.deletePermanent = deletePermanent;
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> paths() {
+      return paths;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isClientGeneratedIds() {
+      return clientGeneratedIds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isDeletePermanent() {
+      return deletePermanent;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/Model.java

@@ -190,6 +190,17 @@ public abstract class Model {
     db().save(this);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Flush any batched changes to the database.
+   * <p>
+   * When using JDBC batch flushing occurs automatically at commit() time or when the batch size
+   * is reached. This provides the ability to manually flush the batch.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void flush() {
+    db().flush();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Update this entity.
    *

src/main/java/io/ebean/OrderBy.java

@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ public final class OrderBy<T> implements Serializable {
     list.add(p);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return list.toString();
   }
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@ public final class OrderBy<T> implements Serializable {
    * Return a hash value for this OrderBy. This can be to determine logical
    * equality for OrderBy clauses.
    */
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     return list.hashCode();
   }
@@ -276,6 +278,7 @@ public final class OrderBy<T> implements Serializable {
       return highLow != null ? highLow.equals(e.highLow) : e.highLow == null;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public String toString() {
       return toStringFormat();
     }

src/main/java/io/ebean/PagedList.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 
@@ -109,11 +110,13 @@ public interface PagedList<T> {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   Future<Integer> getFutureCount();
 
   /**
    * Return the list of entities for this page.
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<T> getList();
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/Pairs.java

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Holds a list of value object pairs.
+ * <p>
+ * This feature is to enable use of L2 cache with complex natural keys with findList() queries in cases where the
+ * IN clause is not a single property but instead a pair of properties.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * These queries can have predicates that can be translated into a list of complex natural keys such that the L2
+ * cache can be hit with these keys to obtain some or all of the beans from L2 cache rather than the DB.
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *   // where a bean is annotated with a complex
+ *   // natural key made of several properties
+ *   @Cache(naturalKey = {"store","code","sku"})
+ *
+ *
+ *   Pairs pairs = new Pairs("sku", "code");
+ *   pairs.add("sj2", 1000);
+ *   pairs.add("sj2", 1001);
+ *   pairs.add("pf3", 1000);
+ *
+ *   List<OCachedNatKeyBean3> list = Ebean.find(OCachedNatKeyBean3.class)
+ *   .where()
+ *   .eq("store", "def")
+ *   .inPairs(pairs)       // IN clause with 'pairs' of values
+ *   .orderBy("sku desc")
+ *
+ *   // query expressions cover the natural key properties
+ *   // so we can choose to hit the L2 bean cache if we want
+ *   .setUseCache(true)
+ *   .findList();
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ * <h3>Important implementation Note</h3>
+ * <p>
+ * When binding many pairs of values we want to be able to utilise a DB index (as this type of query usually means the
+ * pairs are a unique key/index or part of a unique key/index and highly selective). Currently we know we can do this
+ * on any DB that supports expression/formula based indexes.
+ * using a DB string concatenation formula
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * This means, the implementation converts the list of pairs into a list of strings via concatenation and we use a
+ * DB concatenation formula to match. We see SQL like:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code sql
+ *
+ *   ...
+ *   where t0.store = ?  and (t0.sku||'-'||t0.code) in (?, ? )
+ *
+ *   // bind values like: "sj2-1000", "pf3-1000"
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ * <p>
+ * We often create a DB expression index to match the DB concat formula like:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code sql
+ *
+ *   create index ix_name on table_name ((sku || '-' || code));
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+public class Pairs {
+
+  private final String property0;
+  private final String property1;
+
+  private final List<Entry> entries = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Character between the values when combined via DB varchar concatenation.
+   */
+  private String concatSeparator = "-";
+
+  /**
+   * Optional suffix added to DB varchar concatenation formula.
+   */
+  private String concatSuffix;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with 2 property names.
+   *
+   * @param property0 The property of the first value
+   * @param property1 The property of the second value
+   */
+  public Pairs(String property0, String property1) {
+    this.property0 = property0;
+    this.property1 = property1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a pair of value objects.
+   * <p>
+   * Both values are expected to be immutable with equals and hashCode implementations.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param a Value of the first property
+   * @param b Value of the second property
+   */
+  public Pairs add(Object a, Object b) {
+    entries.add(new Entry(a, b));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the first property name.
+   */
+  public String getProperty0() {
+    return property0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the second property name.
+   */
+  public String getProperty1() {
+    return property1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return all the value pairs.
+   */
+  public List<Entry> getEntries() {
+    return entries;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the separator character used with DB varchar concatenation to combine the 2 values.
+   */
+  public String getConcatSeparator() {
+    return concatSeparator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the separator character used with DB varchar concatenation to combine the 2 values.
+   */
+  public Pairs setConcatSeparator(String concatSeparator) {
+    this.concatSeparator = concatSeparator;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return  a suffix used with DB varchar concatenation to combine the 2 values.
+   */
+  public String getConcatSuffix() {
+    return concatSuffix;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a suffix used with DB varchar concatenation to combine the 2 values.
+   */
+  public Pairs setConcatSuffix(String concatSuffix) {
+    this.concatSuffix = concatSuffix;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "p0:" + property0 + " p1:" + property1 + " entries:" + entries;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A pair of 2 value objects.
+   * <p>
+   * Used to support inPairs() expression.
+   */
+  public static class Entry {
+
+    private final Object a;
+    private final Object b;
+
+    /**
+     * Create with values for property0 and property1 respectively.
+     *
+     * @param a Value of the first property
+     * @param b Value of the second property
+     */
+    public Entry(Object a, Object b) {
+      this.a = a;
+      this.b = b;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "{" + a + "," + b + "}";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the value for the first property.
+     */
+    public Object getA() {
+      return a;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the value for the second property.
+     */
+    public Object getB() {
+      return b;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o) return true;
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+      Entry that = (Entry) o;
+      return a.equals(that.a) && b.equals(that.b);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      int result = a.hashCode();
+      result = 92821 * result + b.hashCode();
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/PrimaryServer.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import io.ebean.config.PropertyMap;
+import io.ebean.config.properties.PropertiesLoader;
 
 import java.util.Properties;
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class PrimaryServer {
    */
   static synchronized Properties getProperties() {
     if (globalProperties == null) {
-      globalProperties = PropertyMap.defaultProperties();
+      globalProperties = PropertiesLoader.load();
     }
     if (defaultServerName == null) {
       defaultServerName = determineDefaultServerName();
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ class PrimaryServer {
   private static String determineDefaultServerName() {
 
     String defaultServerName = System.getenv("EBEAN_DB");
+    defaultServerName = System.getProperty("db", defaultServerName);
+    defaultServerName = System.getProperty("ebean_db", defaultServerName);
     if (isEmpty(defaultServerName)) {
       defaultServerName = System.getProperty("datasource.default");
       if (isEmpty(defaultServerName)) {
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ class PrimaryServer {
     if (defaultServerName == null) {
       defaultServerName = "db";
     }
+    System.setProperty("ebean_db", defaultServerName);
     return defaultServerName;
   }
 

src/main/java/io/ebean/ProfileLocation.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * A location for profiling transactions and queries.
+ * <p>
+ * Typically represents a class method in the form of class file and line of code that started
+ * the transaction or invoked the query.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public interface ProfileLocation {
+
+  /**
+   * Create and return a new ProfileLocation.
+   */
+  static ProfileLocation create() {
+    return XServiceProvider.profileLocationFactory().create();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create and return a new ProfileLocation with a given lineNumber and label.
+   */
+  static ProfileLocation create(int lineNumber, String label) {
+    return XServiceProvider.profileLocationFactory().create(lineNumber, label);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create and return a new ProfileLocation with a given location.
+   */
+  static ProfileLocation createAt(String location) {
+    return XServiceProvider.profileLocationFactory().createAt(location);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Obtain the location description.
+   */
+  String obtain();
+
+  /**
+   * Return a short version of the location description.
+   */
+  String shortDescription();
+
+  /**
+   * Add execution time.
+   */
+  void add(long executionTime);
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/Query.java

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import javax.persistence.NonUniqueResultException;
 import java.sql.Timestamp;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -195,9 +196,24 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
 public interface Query<T> {
 
   /**
-   * Return the RawSql that was set to use for this query.
+   * For update mode.
    */
-  RawSql getRawSql();
+  enum ForUpdate {
+    /**
+     * Standard For update clause.
+     */
+    BASE,
+
+    /**
+     * For update with No Wait option.
+     */
+    NOWAIT,
+
+    /**
+     * For update with Skip Locked option.
+     */
+    SKIPLOCKED
+  }
 
   /**
    * Set RawSql to use for this query.
@@ -220,6 +236,14 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    */
   Query<T> asDraft();
 
+  /**
+   * Convert the query to a DTO bean query.
+   * <p>
+   * We effectively use the underlying ORM query to build the SQL and then execute
+   * and map it into DTO beans.
+   */
+  <D> DtoQuery<D> asDto(Class<D> dtoClass);
+
   /**
    * Cancel the query execution if supported by the underlying database and
    * driver.
@@ -581,6 +605,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @see EbeanServer#findIds(Query, Transaction)
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A> List<A> findIds();
 
   /**
@@ -621,6 +646,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * }</pre>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   QueryIterator<T> findIterate();
 
   /**
@@ -648,8 +674,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * This method is functionally equivalent to findIterate() but instead of using an
-   * iterator uses the QueryEachConsumer (SAM) interface which is better suited to use
-   * with Java8 closures.
+   * iterator uses the Consumer interface which is better suited to use with Java8 closures.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
@@ -678,8 +703,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * </p>
    * <p>
    * This method is functionally equivalent to findIterate() but instead of using an
-   * iterator uses the QueryEachWhileConsumer (SAM) interface which is better suited to use
-   * with Java8 closures.
+   * iterator uses the Predicate (SAM) interface which is better suited to use with Java8 closures.
    * </p>
    * <pre>{@code
    *
@@ -719,6 +743,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @see EbeanServer#findList(Query, Transaction)
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<T> findList();
 
   /**
@@ -737,6 +762,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @see EbeanServer#findSet(Query, Transaction)
    */
+  @Nonnull
   Set<T> findSet();
 
   /**
@@ -759,6 +785,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @see EbeanServer#findMap(Query, Transaction)
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <K> Map<K, T> findMap();
 
   /**
@@ -791,8 +818,29 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @return the list of values for the selected property
    */
+  @Nonnull
   <A> List<A> findSingleAttributeList();
 
+  /**
+   * Execute a query returning a single value of a single property/column.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  String name =
+   *    Ebean.find(Customer.class)
+   *      .select("name")
+   *      .where().eq("id", 42)
+   *      .findSingleAttribute();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   */
+  <A> A findSingleAttribute();
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is countDistinct query.
+   */
+  boolean isCountDistinct();
+
   /**
    * Execute the query returning either a single bean or null (if no matching
    * bean is found).
@@ -810,7 +858,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * Product product =
    *     ebeanServer.find(Product.class)
    *         .where().eq("sku", "aa113")
-   *         .findUnique();
+   *         .findOne();
    * ...
    * }</pre>
    * <p>
@@ -824,7 +872,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
    *       .setId(1)
    *       .fetch("details")
-   *       .findUnique();
+   *       .findOne();
    *
    * // the order details were eagerly loaded
    * List<OrderDetail> details = order.getDetails();
@@ -834,7 +882,13 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * @throws NonUniqueResultException if more than one result was found
    */
   @Nullable
-  T findUnique();
+  T findOne();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning an optional bean.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Optional<T> findOneOrEmpty();
 
   /**
    * Return versions of a @History entity bean.
@@ -848,6 +902,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * It will execute the query against the history returning the versions of the bean.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<Version<T>> findVersions();
 
   /**
@@ -857,6 +912,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    * It will execute the query against the history returning the versions of the bean.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<Version<T>> findVersionsBetween(Timestamp start, Timestamp end);
 
   /**
@@ -894,6 +950,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the row count query
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureRowCount<T> findFutureCount();
 
   /**
@@ -906,6 +963,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the list of Id's
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureIds<T> findFutureIds();
 
   /**
@@ -917,6 +975,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @return a Future object for the list result of the query
    */
+  @Nonnull
   FutureList<T> findFutureList();
 
   /**
@@ -946,6 +1005,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * @return The PagedList
    */
+  @Nonnull
   PagedList<T> findPagedList();
 
   /**
@@ -992,7 +1052,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   Query<T> setParameter(int position, Object value);
 
   /**
-   * Set the Id value to query. This is used with findUnique().
+   * Set the Id value to query. This is used with findOne().
    * <p>
    * You can use this to have further control over the query. For example adding
    * fetch joins.
@@ -1003,7 +1063,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *     ebeanServer.find(Order.class)
    *     .setId(1)
    *     .fetch("details")
-   *     .findUnique();
+   *     .findOne();
    *
    * // the order details were eagerly fetched
    * List<OrderDetail> details = order.getDetails();
@@ -1225,6 +1285,37 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    */
   Query<T> setDistinct(boolean isDistinct);
 
+  /**
+   * Extended version for setDistinct in conjunction with "findSingleAttributeList";
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  List<CountedValue<Order.Status>> orderStatusCount =
+   *
+   *     Ebean.find(Order.class)
+   *      .select("status")
+   *      .where()
+   *      .gt("orderDate", LocalDate.now().minusMonths(3))
+   *
+   *      // fetch as single attribute with a COUNT
+   *      .setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder.COUNT_DESC_ATTR_ASC)
+   *      .findSingleAttributeList();
+   *
+   *     for (CountedValue<Order.Status> entry : orderStatusCount) {
+   *       System.out.println(" count:" + entry.getCount()+" orderStatus:" + entry.getValue() );
+   *     }
+   *
+   *   // produces
+   *
+   *   count:3 orderStatus:NEW
+   *   count:1 orderStatus:SHIPPED
+   *   count:1 orderStatus:COMPLETE
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   */
+  Query<T> setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder orderBy);
+
   /**
    * Return the first row value.
    */
@@ -1258,7 +1349,7 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    *
    * // Assuming sku is unique for products...
    *
-   * Map<?,Product> productMap =
+   * Map<String,Product> productMap =
    *     ebeanServer.find(Product.class)
    *     // use sku for keys...
    *     .setMapKey("sku")
@@ -1273,22 +1364,69 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   /**
    * Set this to false to not use the bean cache.
    * <p>
+   * This method is now superseded by {@link #setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode)}
+   * which provides more explicit options controlled bean cache use.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * This method is likely to be deprecated in the future with migration
+   * over to setUseBeanCache().
+   * </p>
+   */
+  default Query<T> setUseCache(boolean useCache) {
+    return setBeanCacheMode(useCache ? CacheMode.ON : CacheMode.OFF);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the mode to use the bean cache when executing this query.
+   * <p>
    * By default "find by id" and "find by natural key" will use the bean cache
    * when bean caching is enabled. Setting this to false means that the query
    * will not use the bean cache and instead hit the database.
    * </p>
    * <p>
-   * In the case of other queries (findList(), findEach() etc) then setting this to
-   * false beans that the if lazy loading is invoked that lazy loading will not try
-   * to use the bean cache.
+   * By default findList() with natural keys will not use the bean cache. In that
+   * case we need to explicitly use the bean cache.
    * </p>
    */
-  Query<T> setUseCache(boolean useCache);
+  Query<T> setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode beanCacheMode);
 
   /**
-   * Set this to true to use the query cache.
+   * Set the {@link CacheMode} to use the query for executing this query.
    */
-  Query<T> setUseQueryCache(boolean useQueryCache);
+  Query<T> setUseQueryCache(CacheMode queryCacheMode);
+
+  /**
+   * Calls {@link #setUseQueryCache(CacheMode)} with <code>ON</code> or <code>OFF</code>.
+   */
+  default Query<T> setUseQueryCache(boolean enabled) {
+    return setUseQueryCache(enabled ? CacheMode.ON : CacheMode.OFF);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set an id to identify this query for profiling purposes.
+   * <p>
+   * The profileId is expected to be unique for a given bean type.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * Note that the profileId is treated as a short internally and has a MAX value of 32,767.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> setProfileId(int profileId);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the profile location of this query. This is used to relate query execution metrics
+   * back to a location like a specific line of code.
+   */
+  Query<T> setProfileLocation(ProfileLocation profileLocation);
+
+  /**
+   * Set a label on the query.
+   * <p>
+   * This label can be used to help identify query performance metrics but we can also use
+   * profile location enhancement on Finders so for some that would be a better option.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> setLabel(String label);
 
   /**
    * Set to true if this query should execute against the doc store.
@@ -1304,8 +1442,9 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   Query<T> setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
 
   /**
-   * When set to true all the beans from this query are loaded into the bean
-   * cache.
+   * Will be deprecated - migrate to use setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode.RECACHE).
+   * <p>
+   * When set to true all the beans from this query are loaded into the bean cache.
    */
   Query<T> setLoadBeanCache(boolean loadBeanCache);
 
@@ -1350,16 +1489,45 @@ public interface Query<T> {
   String getGeneratedSql();
 
   /**
+   * Deprecated - migrate to forUpdate().
+   *
    * executed the select with "for update" which should lock the record
    * "on read"
    */
+  @Deprecated
   Query<T> setForUpdate(boolean forUpdate);
 
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause which results in the DB locking the record.
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdate();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause with "no wait" option.
+   * <p>
+   * This is typically a Postgres and Oracle only option at this stage.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdateNoWait();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute using "for update" clause with "skip locked" option.
+   * <p>
+   * This is typically a Postgres and Oracle only option at this stage.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Query<T> forUpdateSkipLocked();
+
   /**
    * Return true if this query has forUpdate set.
    */
   boolean isForUpdate();
 
+  /**
+   * Return the "for update" mode to use.
+   */
+  ForUpdate getForUpdateMode();
+
   /**
    * Set root table alias.
    */
@@ -1370,6 +1538,11 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    */
   Class<T> getBeanType();
 
+  /**
+   * Return the type of query being executed.
+   */
+  QueryType getQueryType();
+
   /**
    * Set true if you want to disable lazy loading.
    * <p>
@@ -1387,4 +1560,12 @@ public interface Query<T> {
    */
   Set<String> validate();
 
+  /**
+   * Controls, if paginated queries should always append an 'order by id' statement at the end to
+   * guarantee a deterministic sort result. This may affect performance.
+   * If this is not enabled, and an orderBy is set on the query, it's up to the programmer that
+   * this query provides a deterministic result.
+   */
+  Query<T> orderById(boolean orderById);
+
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/QueryIterator.java

@@ -61,20 +61,24 @@ public interface QueryIterator<T> extends Iterator<T>, java.io.Closeable {
   /**
    * Returns <tt>true</tt> if the iteration has more elements.
    */
+  @Override
   boolean hasNext();
 
   /**
    * Returns the next element in the iteration.
    */
+  @Override
   T next();
 
   /**
    * Remove is not allowed.
    */
+  @Override
   void remove();
 
   /**
    * Close the underlying resources held by this iterator.
    */
+  @Override
   void close();
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/QueryType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * The type of the query being executed.
+ */
+public enum QueryType {
+
+  /**
+   * A find query.
+   */
+  FIND,
+
+  /**
+   * An update query.
+   */
+  UPDATE,
+
+  /**
+   * A delete query.
+   */
+  DELETE
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/RawSql.java

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import io.ebean.util.CamelCaseHelper;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.sql.ResultSet;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
 /**
  * Used to build object graphs based on a raw SQL statement (rather than
  * generated by Ebean).
@@ -169,564 +158,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * Note that lazy loading also works with object graphs built with RawSql.
  * </p>
  */
-public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
+public interface RawSql {
 
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-  private final ResultSet resultSet;
-
-  private final Sql sql;
-
-  private final ColumnMapping columnMapping;
-
-  /**
-   * Construct with a ResultSet and properties that the columns map to.
-   * <p>
-   * The properties listed in the propertyNames must be in the same order as the columns in the
-   * resultSet.
-   * <p>
-   * When a query executes this RawSql object then it will close the resultSet.
-   */
-  public RawSql(ResultSet resultSet, String... propertyNames) {
-    this.resultSet = resultSet;
-    this.sql = null;
-    this.columnMapping = new ColumnMapping(propertyNames);
-  }
-
-  protected RawSql(ResultSet resultSet, Sql sql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
-    this.resultSet = resultSet;
-    this.sql = sql;
-    this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the Sql either unparsed or in parsed (broken up) form.
-   */
-  public Sql getSql() {
-    return sql;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the key;
-   */
-  public Key getKey() {
-    boolean parsed = sql != null && sql.parsed;
-    String unParsedSql = (sql == null) ? "" : sql.unparsedSql;
-    return new Key(parsed, unParsedSql, columnMapping);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the resultSet if this is a ResultSet based RawSql.
-   */
-  public ResultSet getResultSet() {
-    return resultSet;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the column mapping for the SQL columns to bean properties.
-   */
-  public ColumnMapping getColumnMapping() {
-    return columnMapping;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Represents the sql part of the query. For parsed RawSql the sql is broken
-   * up so that Ebean can insert extra WHERE and HAVING expressions into the
-   * SQL.
-   */
-  public static final class Sql implements Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-    private final boolean parsed;
-
-    private final String unparsedSql;
-
-    private final String preFrom;
-
-    private final String preWhere;
-
-    private final boolean andWhereExpr;
-
-    private final String preHaving;
-
-    private final boolean andHavingExpr;
-
-    private final String orderByPrefix;
-
-    private final String orderBy;
-
-    private final boolean distinct;
-
-    /**
-     * Construct for unparsed SQL.
-     */
-    protected Sql(String unparsedSql) {
-      this.parsed = false;
-      this.unparsedSql = unparsedSql;
-      this.preFrom = null;
-      this.preHaving = null;
-      this.preWhere = null;
-      this.andHavingExpr = false;
-      this.andWhereExpr = false;
-      this.orderByPrefix = null;
-      this.orderBy = null;
-      this.distinct = false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Construct for parsed SQL.
-     */
-    protected Sql(String unparsedSql, String preFrom, String preWhere, boolean andWhereExpr,
-                  String preHaving, boolean andHavingExpr, String orderByPrefix, String orderBy, boolean distinct) {
-
-      this.unparsedSql = unparsedSql;
-      this.parsed = true;
-      this.preFrom = preFrom;
-      this.preHaving = preHaving;
-      this.preWhere = preWhere;
-      this.andHavingExpr = andHavingExpr;
-      this.andWhereExpr = andWhereExpr;
-      this.orderByPrefix = orderByPrefix;
-      this.orderBy = orderBy;
-      this.distinct = distinct;
-    }
-
-    public String toString() {
-      if (!parsed) {
-        return "unparsed[" + unparsedSql + "]";
-      }
-      return "select[" + preFrom + "] preWhere[" + preWhere + "] preHaving[" + preHaving + "] orderBy[" + orderBy + "]";
-    }
-
-    public boolean isDistinct() {
-      return distinct;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return true if the SQL is left completely unmodified.
-     * <p>
-     * This means Ebean can't add WHERE or HAVING expressions into the query -
-     * it will be left completely unmodified.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public boolean isParsed() {
-      return parsed;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the SQL when it is unparsed.
-     */
-    public String getUnparsedSql() {
-      return unparsedSql;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the SQL prior to FROM clause.
-     */
-    public String getPreFrom() {
-      return preFrom;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the SQL prior to WHERE clause.
-     */
-    public String getPreWhere() {
-      return preWhere;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return true if there is already a WHERE clause and any extra where
-     * expressions start with AND.
-     */
-    public boolean isAndWhereExpr() {
-      return andWhereExpr;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the SQL prior to HAVING clause.
-     */
-    public String getPreHaving() {
-      return preHaving;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return true if there is already a HAVING clause and any extra having
-     * expressions start with AND.
-     */
-    public boolean isAndHavingExpr() {
-      return andHavingExpr;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the 'order by' keywords.
-     * This can contain additional keywords, for example 'order siblings by' as Oracle syntax.
-     */
-    public String getOrderByPrefix() {
-      return (orderByPrefix == null) ? "order by" : orderByPrefix;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the SQL ORDER BY clause.
-     */
-    public String getOrderBy() {
-      return orderBy;
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Defines the column mapping for raw sql DB columns to bean properties.
-   */
-  public static final class ColumnMapping implements Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-    private final LinkedHashMap<String, Column> dbColumnMap;
-
-    private final Map<String, String> propertyMap;
-
-    private final Map<String, Column> propertyColumnMap;
-
-    private final boolean parsed;
-
-    private final boolean immutable;
-
-    /**
-     * Construct from parsed sql where the columns have been identified.
-     */
-    protected ColumnMapping(List<Column> columns) {
-      this.immutable = false;
-      this.parsed = true;
-      this.propertyMap = null;
-      this.propertyColumnMap = null;
-      this.dbColumnMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-      for (Column c : columns) {
-        dbColumnMap.put(c.getDbColumnKey(), c);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Construct for unparsed sql.
-     */
-    protected ColumnMapping() {
-      this.immutable = false;
-      this.parsed = false;
-      this.propertyMap = null;
-      this.propertyColumnMap = null;
-      this.dbColumnMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Construct for ResultSet use.
-     */
-    protected ColumnMapping(String... propertyNames) {
-      this.immutable = false;
-      this.parsed = false;
-      this.propertyMap = null;
-      this.dbColumnMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-
-      int pos = 0;
-      for (String prop : propertyNames) {
-        dbColumnMap.put(prop, new Column(pos++, prop, null, prop));
-      }
-      propertyColumnMap = dbColumnMap;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Construct an immutable ColumnMapping based on collected information.
-     */
-    protected ColumnMapping(boolean parsed, LinkedHashMap<String, Column> dbColumnMap) {
-      this.immutable = true;
-      this.parsed = parsed;
-      this.dbColumnMap = dbColumnMap;
-
-      HashMap<String, Column> pcMap = new HashMap<>();
-      HashMap<String, String> pMap = new HashMap<>();
-
-      for (Column c : dbColumnMap.values()) {
-        pMap.put(c.getPropertyName(), c.getDbColumn());
-        pcMap.put(c.getPropertyName(), c);
-      }
-      this.propertyMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(pMap);
-      this.propertyColumnMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(pcMap);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object o) {
-      if (this == o) return true;
-      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-      ColumnMapping that = (ColumnMapping) o;
-      return dbColumnMap.equals(that.dbColumnMap);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-      return dbColumnMap.hashCode();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return true if the property is mapped.
-     */
-    public boolean contains(String property) {
-      return this.propertyColumnMap.containsKey(property);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates an immutable copy of this ColumnMapping.
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalStateException when a propertyName has not been defined for a column.
-     */
-    protected ColumnMapping createImmutableCopy() {
-
-      for (Column c : dbColumnMap.values()) {
-        c.checkMapping();
-      }
-
-      return new ColumnMapping(parsed, dbColumnMap);
-    }
-
-    protected void columnMapping(String dbColumn, String propertyName) {
-
-      if (immutable) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Should never happen");
-      }
-      if (!parsed) {
-        int pos = dbColumnMap.size();
-        dbColumnMap.put(dbColumn, new Column(pos, dbColumn, null, propertyName));
-      } else {
-        Column column = dbColumnMap.get(dbColumn);
-        if (column == null) {
-          String msg = "DB Column [" + dbColumn + "] not found in mapping. Expecting one of [" + dbColumnMap.keySet() + "]";
-          throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
-        }
-        column.setPropertyName(propertyName);
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if the Columns where supplied by parsing the sql select
-     * clause.
-     * <p>
-     * In the case where the columns where parsed then we can do extra checks on
-     * the column mapping such as, is the column a valid one in the sql and
-     * whether all the columns in the sql have been mapped.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public boolean isParsed() {
-      return parsed;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the number of columns in this column mapping.
-     */
-    public int size() {
-      return dbColumnMap.size();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the column mapping.
-     */
-    protected Map<String, Column> mapping() {
-      return dbColumnMap;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the mapping by DB column.
-     */
-    public Map<String, String> getMapping() {
-      return propertyMap;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the index position by bean property name.
-     */
-    public int getIndexPosition(String property) {
-      Column c = propertyColumnMap.get(property);
-      return c == null ? -1 : c.getIndexPos();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return an iterator of the Columns.
-     */
-    public Iterator<Column> getColumns() {
-      return dbColumnMap.values().iterator();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Modify any column mappings with the given table alias to have the path prefix.
-     * <p>
-     * For example modify all mappings with table alias "c" to have the path prefix "customer".
-     * </p>
-     * <p>
-     * For the "Root type" you don't need to specify a tableAliasMapping.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public void tableAliasMapping(String tableAlias, String path) {
-
-      String startMatch = tableAlias + ".";
-      for (Map.Entry<String, Column> entry : dbColumnMap.entrySet()) {
-        if (entry.getKey().startsWith(startMatch)) {
-          entry.getValue().tableAliasMapping(path);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A Column of the RawSql that is mapped to a bean property (or ignored).
-     */
-    public static class Column implements Serializable {
-
-      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-      private final int indexPos;
-      private final String dbColumn;
-
-      private final String dbAlias;
-
-      private String propertyName;
-
-      /**
-       * Construct a Column.
-       */
-      public Column(int indexPos, String dbColumn, String dbAlias) {
-        this(indexPos, dbColumn, dbAlias, derivePropertyName(dbAlias, dbColumn));
-      }
-
-      private Column(int indexPos, String dbColumn, String dbAlias, String propertyName) {
-        this.indexPos = indexPos;
-        this.dbColumn = dbColumn;
-        this.dbAlias = dbAlias;
-        if (propertyName == null && dbAlias != null) {
-          this.propertyName = dbAlias;
-        } else {
-          this.propertyName = propertyName;
-        }
-      }
-
-      protected static String derivePropertyName(String dbAlias, String dbColumn) {
-        if (dbAlias != null) {
-          return CamelCaseHelper.toCamelFromUnderscore(dbAlias);
-        }
-        int dotPos = dbColumn.indexOf('.');
-        if (dotPos > -1) {
-          dbColumn = dbColumn.substring(dotPos + 1);
-        }
-        return CamelCaseHelper.toCamelFromUnderscore(dbColumn);
-      }
-
-      private void checkMapping() {
-        if (propertyName == null) {
-          String msg = "No propertyName defined (Column mapping) for dbColumn [" + dbColumn + "]";
-          throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
-        }
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public boolean equals(Object o) {
-        if (this == o) return true;
-        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-
-        Column that = (Column) o;
-        if (indexPos != that.indexPos) return false;
-        if (!dbColumn.equals(that.dbColumn)) return false;
-        if (dbAlias != null ? !dbAlias.equals(that.dbAlias) : that.dbAlias != null) return false;
-        return propertyName != null ? propertyName.equals(that.propertyName) : that.propertyName == null;
-      }
-
-      @Override
-      public int hashCode() {
-        int result = indexPos;
-        result = 92821 * result + dbColumn.hashCode();
-        result = 92821 * result + (dbAlias != null ? dbAlias.hashCode() : 0);
-        result = 92821 * result + (propertyName != null ? propertyName.hashCode() : 0);
-        return result;
-      }
-
-      public String toString() {
-        return dbColumn + "->" + propertyName;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Return the index position of this column.
-       */
-      public int getIndexPos() {
-        return indexPos;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Return the DB column alias if specified otherwise DB column.
-       * This is used as the key for mapping a column to a logical property.
-       */
-      public String getDbColumnKey() {
-        return (dbAlias != null) ? dbAlias : dbColumn;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Return the DB column name including table alias (if it has one).
-       */
-      public String getDbColumn() {
-        return dbColumn;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Return the bean property this column is mapped to.
-       */
-      public String getPropertyName() {
-        return propertyName;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Set the property name mapped to this db column.
-       */
-      private void setPropertyName(String propertyName) {
-        this.propertyName = propertyName;
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Prepend the path to the property name.
-       * <p/>
-       * For example if path is "customer" then "name" becomes "customer.name".
-       */
-      public void tableAliasMapping(String path) {
-        if (path != null) {
-          propertyName = path + "." + propertyName;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A key for the RawSql object using for the query plan.
-   */
-  public static final class Key {
-
-    private final boolean parsed;
-    private final ColumnMapping columnMapping;
-    private final String unParsedSql;
-
-    Key(boolean parsed, String unParsedSql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
-      this.parsed = parsed;
-      this.unParsedSql = unParsedSql;
-      this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object o) {
-      if (this == o) return true;
-      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-
-      Key that = (Key) o;
-      return parsed == that.parsed
-        && columnMapping.equals(that.columnMapping)
-        && unParsedSql.equals(that.unParsedSql);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-      int result = (parsed ? 1 : 0);
-      result = 92821 * result + columnMapping.hashCode();
-      result = 92821 * result + unParsedSql.hashCode();
-      return result;
-    }
-  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/RawSqlBuilder.java

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
-import io.ebean.RawSql.ColumnMapping;
-import io.ebean.RawSql.Sql;
-
 import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
 
 /**
  * Builds RawSql instances from a SQL string and column mappings.
@@ -14,18 +12,7 @@ import java.sql.ResultSet;
  *
  * @see RawSql
  */
-public class RawSqlBuilder {
-
-  /**
-   * Special property name assigned to a DB column that should be ignored.
-   */
-  public static final String IGNORE_COLUMN = "$$_IGNORE_COLUMN_$$";
-
-  private final ResultSet resultSet;
-
-  private final Sql sql;
-
-  private final ColumnMapping columnMapping;
+public interface RawSqlBuilder {
 
   /**
    * Create and return a RawSql object based on the resultSet and list of properties the columns in
@@ -34,8 +21,15 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * The properties listed in the propertyNames must be in the same order as the columns in the
    * resultSet.
    */
-  public static RawSql resultSet(ResultSet resultSet, String... propertyNames) {
-    return new RawSql(resultSet, propertyNames);
+  static RawSql resultSet(ResultSet resultSet, String... propertyNames) {
+    return XServiceProvider.rawSql().resultSet(resultSet, propertyNames);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create and return a SqlRow based on the resultSet with dbTrueValue and binaryOptimizedUUID options.
+   */
+  static SqlRow sqlRow(ResultSet resultSet, final String dbTrueValue, boolean binaryOptimizedUUID) throws SQLException {
+    return XServiceProvider.rawSql().sqlRow(resultSet, dbTrueValue, binaryOptimizedUUID);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -43,10 +37,8 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * modified - so no additional WHERE or HAVING expressions can be added to
    * this query.
    */
-  public static RawSqlBuilder unparsed(String sql) {
-
-    Sql s = new Sql(sql);
-    return new RawSqlBuilder(s, new ColumnMapping());
+  static RawSqlBuilder unparsed(String sql) {
+    return XServiceProvider.rawSql().unparsed(sql);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -62,19 +54,8 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * correct column names are entered into the mapping.
    * </p>
    */
-  public static RawSqlBuilder parse(String sql) {
-
-    Sql sql2 = DRawSqlParser.parse(sql);
-    String select = sql2.getPreFrom();
-
-    ColumnMapping mapping = DRawSqlColumnsParser.parse(select);
-    return new RawSqlBuilder(sql2, mapping);
-  }
-
-  private RawSqlBuilder(Sql sql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
-    this.sql = sql;
-    this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
-    this.resultSet = null;
+  static RawSqlBuilder parse(String sql) {
+    return XServiceProvider.rawSql().parsed(sql);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -87,17 +68,12 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * @param dbColumn     the DB column that we are mapping to a bean property
    * @param propertyName the bean property that we are mapping the DB column to.
    */
-  public RawSqlBuilder columnMapping(String dbColumn, String propertyName) {
-    columnMapping.columnMapping(dbColumn, propertyName);
-    return this;
-  }
+  RawSqlBuilder columnMapping(String dbColumn, String propertyName);
 
   /**
    * Ignore this DB column. It is not mapped to any bean property.
    */
-  public RawSqlBuilder columnMappingIgnore(String dbColumn) {
-    return columnMapping(dbColumn, IGNORE_COLUMN);
-  }
+  RawSqlBuilder columnMappingIgnore(String dbColumn);
 
   /**
    * Modify any column mappings with the given table alias to have the path prefix.
@@ -108,24 +84,12 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * For the "Root type" you don't need to specify a tableAliasMapping.
    * </p>
    */
-  public RawSqlBuilder tableAliasMapping(String tableAlias, String path) {
-    columnMapping.tableAliasMapping(tableAlias, path);
-    return this;
-  }
+  RawSqlBuilder tableAliasMapping(String tableAlias, String path);
 
   /**
    * Create the immutable RawSql object. Do this after all the column mapping
    * has been defined.
    */
-  public RawSql create() {
-    return new RawSql(resultSet, sql, columnMapping.createImmutableCopy());
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the internal parsed Sql object (for testing).
-   */
-  protected Sql getSql() {
-    return sql;
-  }
+  RawSql create();
 
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/RowConsumer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+/**
+ * Used with SqlQuery to process potentially large queries reading directly from the JDBC ResultSet.
+ * <p>
+ * This provides a low level option that reads directly from the JDBC ResultSet.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *  String sql = "select id, name, status from o_customer order by name desc";
+ *
+ *  Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+ *    .findEachRow((resultSet, rowNum) -> {
+ *
+ *      // read directly from ResultSet
+ *
+ *      long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
+ *      String name = resultSet.getString(2);
+ *
+ *      // do something interesting with the data
+ *
+ *    });
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface RowConsumer {
+
+  /**
+   * Read the data from the ResultSet and process it.
+   *
+   * @param resultSet The JDBC ResultSet positioned to the current row
+   * @param rowNum    The number of the current row being mapped.
+   */
+  void accept(ResultSet resultSet, int rowNum) throws SQLException;
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/RowMapper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+/**
+ * Used with SqlQuery to map raw JDBC ResultSet to objects.
+ * <p>
+ * This provides a low level mapping option with direct use of JDBC ResultSet
+ * with the option of having logic in the mapping. For example, only map some
+ * columns depending on the values read from other columns.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * For straight mapping into beans then DtoQuery would be the first choice as
+ * it can automatically map the ResultSet into beans.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *    //
+ *    // A mapper from ResultSet into our CustomerDto bean
+ *    //
+ *    class CustomerMapper implements RowMapper<CustomerDto> {
+ *
+ *     @Override
+ *     public CustomerDto map(ResultSet rset, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
+ *
+ *       long id = rset.getLong(1);
+ *       String name = rset.getString(2);
+ *       String status = rset.getString(3);
+ *
+ *       return new CustomerDto(id, name, status);
+ *     }
+ *   }
+ *
+ *
+ *   //
+ *   // Then use the mapper
+ *   //
+ *
+ *   String sql = "select id, name, status from o_customer where name = ?";
+ *
+ *  CustomerDto rob = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+ *    .setParameter(1, "Rob")
+ *    .findOne(CUSTOMER_MAPPER);
+ *
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type the row data is mapped into.
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface RowMapper<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * Read the data from the ResultSet and map to the return type.
+   *
+   * @param resultSet The JDBC ResultSet positioned to the current row
+   * @param rowNum    The number of the current row being mapped.
+   */
+  T map(ResultSet resultSet, int rowNum) throws SQLException;
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/SqlQuery.java

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
   /**
    * Execute the query returning a list.
    */
+  @Nonnull
   List<SqlRow> findList();
 
   /**
@@ -70,7 +75,120 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    * PersistenceException.
    * </p>
    */
-  SqlRow findUnique();
+  @Nullable
+  SqlRow findOne();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a single result using the mapper.
+   *
+   * @param mapper Used to map each ResultSet row into the result object.
+   */
+  <T> T findOne(RowMapper<T> mapper);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a list using the mapper.
+   *
+   * @param mapper Used to map each ResultSet row into the result object.
+   */
+  <T> List<T> findList(RowMapper<T> mapper);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query reading each row from ResultSet using the RowConsumer.
+   * <p>
+   * This provides a low level option that reads directly from the JDBC ResultSet
+   * and is good for processing very large results where (unlike findList) we don't
+   * hold all the results in memory but instead can process row by row.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *  String sql = "select id, name, status from customer order by name desc";
+   *
+   *  Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *    .findEachRow((resultSet, rowNum) -> {
+   *
+   *      // read directly from ResultSet
+   *
+   *      long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
+   *      String name = resultSet.getString(2);
+   *
+   *      // do something interesting with the data
+   *
+   *    });
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param consumer Used to read and process each ResultSet row.
+   */
+  void findEachRow(RowConsumer consumer);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning an optional row.
+   */
+  @Nonnull
+  Optional<SqlRow> findOneOrEmpty();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a single scalar attribute.
+   * <pre>@{code
+   *
+   *   String sql = "select max(unit_price) from o_order_detail where order_qty > ?";
+   *
+   *   BigDecimal maxPrice = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *     .setParameter(1, 2)
+   *     .findSingleAttribute(BigDecimal.class);
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * The attributeType can be any scalar type that Ebean supports (includes javax time types, Joda types etc).
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param attributeType The type of the returned value
+   */
+  <T> T findSingleAttribute(Class<T> attributeType);
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a single BigDecimal value.
+   * <p>
+   * This is an alias for <code>findSingleAttribute(BigDecimal.class)</code>
+   * </p>
+   */
+  BigDecimal findSingleDecimal();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a single Long value.
+   * <p>
+   * This is an alias for <code>findSingleAttribute(Long.class)</code>
+   * </p>
+   */
+  Long findSingleLong();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the query returning a list of scalar attribute values.
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   String sql =
+   *   " select (unit_price * order_qty) " +
+   *   " from o_order_detail " +
+   *   " where unit_price > ? " +
+   *   " order by (unit_price * order_qty) desc";
+   *
+   *   //
+   *   List<BigDecimal> lineAmounts = Ebean.createSqlQuery(sql)
+   *     .setParameter(1, 3)
+   *     .findSingleAttributeList(BigDecimal.class);
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * The attributeType can be any scalar type that Ebean supports (includes javax time types, Joda types etc).
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param attributeType The type of the returned value
+   */
+  <T> List<T> findSingleAttributeList(Class<T> attributeType);
 
   /**
    * The same as bind for named parameters.
@@ -104,6 +222,11 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable {
    */
   SqlQuery setTimeout(int secs);
 
+  /**
+   * Set a label that can be put on performance metrics that are collected.
+   */
+  SqlQuery setLabel(String label);
+
   /**
    * A hint which for JDBC translates to the Statement.fetchSize().
    * <p>

src/main/java/io/ebean/SqlRow.java

@@ -39,16 +39,19 @@ public interface SqlRow extends Serializable, Map<String, Object> {
   /**
    * Remove a property from the map. Returns the value of the removed property.
    */
+  @Override
   Object remove(Object name);
 
   /**
    * Return a property value by its name.
    */
+  @Override
   Object get(Object name);
 
   /**
    * Set a value to a property.
    */
+  @Override
   Object put(String name, Object value);
 
   /**
@@ -118,51 +121,61 @@ public interface SqlRow extends Serializable, Map<String, Object> {
   /**
    * String description of the underlying map.
    */
+  @Override
   String toString();
 
   /**
    * Clear the map.
    */
+  @Override
   void clear();
 
   /**
    * Returns true if the map contains the property.
    */
+  @Override
   boolean containsKey(Object key);
 
   /**
    * Returns true if the map contains the value.
    */
+  @Override
   boolean containsValue(Object value);
 
   /**
    * Returns the entrySet of the map.
    */
+  @Override
   Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>> entrySet();
 
   /**
    * Returns true if the map is empty.
    */
+  @Override
   boolean isEmpty();
 
   /**
    * Returns the key set of the map.
    */
+  @Override
   Set<String> keySet();
 
   /**
    * Put all the values from t into this map.
    */
+  @Override
   void putAll(Map<? extends String, ?> t);
 
   /**
    * Return the size of the map.
    */
+  @Override
   int size();
 
   /**
    * Return the values from this map.
    */
+  @Override
   Collection<Object> values();
 
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/SqlUpdate.java

@@ -19,15 +19,73 @@ package io.ebean;
  * <p>
  * <pre>{@code
  *
- * // example that uses 'named' parameters
- * String s = "UPDATE f_topic set post_count = :count where id = :id";
- * SqlUpdate update = Ebean.createSqlUpdate(s);
- * update.setParameter("id", 1);
- * update.setParameter("count", 50);
+ *   // example that uses 'named' parameters
  *
- * int modifiedCount = Ebean.execute(update);
+ *   String s = "UPDATE f_topic set post_count = :count where id = :id";
  *
- * String msg = "There were " + modifiedCount + " rows updated";
+ *   SqlUpdate update = Ebean.createSqlUpdate(s);
+ *   update.setParameter("id", 1);
+ *   update.setParameter("count", 50);
+ *
+ *   int modifiedCount = update.execute();
+ *
+ *   String msg = "There were " + modifiedCount + " rows updated";
+ *
+ * }</pre>
+ * <p>
+ * <h3>Example: Using setNextParameter()</h3>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *  String sql = "insert into audit_log (id, description, modified_description) values (?,?,?)";
+ *  SqlUpdate insert = Ebean.createSqlUpdate(sql);
+ *
+ *  try (Transaction txn = Ebean.beginTransaction()) {
+ *    txn.setBatchMode(true);
+ *
+ *    insert.setNextParameter(10000);
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("hello");
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("rob");
+ *    insert.execute();
+ *
+ *    insert.setNextParameter(10001);
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("goodbye");
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("rob");
+ *    insert.execute();
+ *
+ *    insert.setNextParameter(10002);
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("chow");
+ *    insert.setNextParameter("bob");
+ *    insert.execute();
+ *
+ *    txn.commit();
+ *  }
+ * }</pre>
+ * <p>
+ * An alternative to the batch mode on the transaction is to use addBatch() and executeBatch() like:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>{@code
+ *
+ *   try (Transaction txn = Ebean.beginTransaction()) {
+ *
+ *     insert.setNextParameter(10000);
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("hello");
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("rob");
+ *     insert.addBatch();
+ *
+ *     insert.setNextParameter(10001);
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("goodbye");
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("rob");
+ *     insert.addBatch();
+ *
+ *     insert.setNextParameter(10002);
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("chow");
+ *     insert.setNextParameter("bob");
+ *     insert.addBatch();
+ *
+ *     int[] rows = insert.executeBatch();
+ *
+ *     txn.commit();
+ *   }
  *
  * }</pre>
  *
@@ -54,6 +112,37 @@ public interface SqlUpdate {
    */
   int execute();
 
+  /**
+   * Execute when addBatch() has been used to batch multiple bind executions.
+   *
+   * @return The row counts for each of the batched statements.
+   */
+  int[] executeBatch();
+
+  /**
+   * Add the statement to batch processing to then later execute via executeBatch().
+   */
+  void addBatch();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the generated key value.
+   */
+  Object getGeneratedKey();
+
+  /**
+   * Execute and return the generated key. This is effectively a short cut for:
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   sqlUpdate.execute();
+   *   Object key = sqlUpdate.getGeneratedKey();
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @return The generated key value
+   */
+  Object executeGetKey();
+
   /**
    * Return true if eBean should automatically deduce the table modification
    * information and process it.
@@ -88,6 +177,11 @@ public interface SqlUpdate {
    */
   SqlUpdate setLabel(String label);
 
+  /**
+   * Set to true when we want to use getGeneratedKeys with this statement.
+   */
+  SqlUpdate setGetGeneratedKeys(boolean getGeneratedKeys);
+
   /**
    * Return the sql statement.
    */
@@ -113,6 +207,13 @@ public interface SqlUpdate {
    */
   SqlUpdate setTimeout(int secs);
 
+  /**
+   * Set the next positioned parameter.
+   *
+   * @param value The value to bind
+   */
+  SqlUpdate setNextParameter(Object value);
+
   /**
    * Set a parameter via its index position.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/Transaction.java

@@ -1,18 +1,35 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
 import io.ebean.annotation.DocStoreMode;
+import io.ebean.annotation.PersistBatch;
 import io.ebean.config.DocStoreConfig;
 import io.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
 
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
-import javax.persistence.RollbackException;
-import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.sql.Connection;
 
 /**
  * The Transaction object. Typically representing a JDBC or JTA transaction.
  */
-public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
+public interface Transaction extends AutoCloseable {
+
+  /**
+   * Return the current transaction (of the default server) or null if there is
+   * no current transaction in scope.
+   * <p>
+   * This is the same as <code>Ebean.currentTransaction()</code>
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * This returns the current transaction for the 'default server'.  If you are using
+   * multiple EbeanServer's then use {@link EbeanServer#currentTransaction()}.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @see Ebean#currentTransaction()
+   * @see EbeanServer#currentTransaction()
+   */
+  static Transaction current() {
+    return Ebean.currentTransaction();
+  }
 
   /**
    * Read Committed transaction isolation. Same as
@@ -43,6 +60,14 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    */
   void register(TransactionCallback callback);
 
+  /**
+   * Set a label on the transaction.
+   * <p>
+   * This label is used to group transaction execution times for performance metrics reporting.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  void setLabel(String label);
+
   /**
    * Return true if this transaction is read only.
    */
@@ -67,7 +92,7 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    * <li>Perform post-commit processing updating L2 cache, ElasticSearch etc</li>
    * </ul>
    */
-  void commitAndContinue() throws RollbackException;
+  void commitAndContinue();
 
   /**
    * Commit the transaction.
@@ -85,7 +110,7 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    * <li>Mark the transaction as "Inactive"</li>
    * </ul>
    */
-  void commit() throws RollbackException;
+  void commit();
 
   /**
    * Rollback the transaction.
@@ -112,6 +137,18 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    */
   void rollback(Throwable e) throws PersistenceException;
 
+  /**
+   * Set when we want nested transactions to use Savepoint's.
+   * <p>
+   * This means that for a nested transaction:
+   * <ul>
+   * <li>begin transaction maps to creating a savepoint</li>
+   * <li>commit transaction maps to releasing a savepoint</li>
+   * <li>rollback transaction maps to rollback a savepoint</li>
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  void setNestedUseSavepoint();
+
   /**
    * Mark the transaction for rollback only.
    */
@@ -125,7 +162,13 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
   /**
    * If the transaction is active then perform rollback. Otherwise do nothing.
    */
-  void end() throws PersistenceException;
+  void end();
+
+  /**
+   * Synonym for end() to support AutoClosable.
+   */
+  @Override
+  void close();
 
   /**
    * Return true if the transaction is active.
@@ -196,7 +239,7 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    * Refer to {@link ServerConfig#setSkipCacheAfterWrite(boolean)} for configuring the default behavior
    * for using the L2 bean cache in transactions spanning multiple query/persist requests.
    * </p>
-   * <p>
+   *
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    *   // assume Customer has L2 bean caching enabled ...
@@ -278,7 +321,7 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    * <p>
    * Example: batch processing executing every 3 rows
    * </p>
-   * <p>
+   *
    * <pre>{@code
    *
    * String data = "This is a simple test of the batch processing"
@@ -423,8 +466,17 @@ public interface Transaction extends Closeable {
    * <li>A query is executed on the same transaction</li>
    * <li>UpdateSql or CallableSql are mixed with bean save and delete</li>
    * <li>Transaction commit occurs</li>
+   * <li>A getter method is called on a batched bean</li>
    * </ul>
    */
+  void flush() throws PersistenceException;
+
+  /**
+   * This is a synonym for flush() and will be deprecated.
+   * <p>
+   * flush() is preferred as it matches the JPA flush() method.
+   * </p>
+   */
   void flushBatch() throws PersistenceException;
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/TxCallable.java

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean;
-
-/**
- * Execute a TxCallable in a Transaction scope.
- * <p>
- * Use this with the {@link Ebean#execute(TxCallable)} method.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * Note that this is basically the same as TxRunnable except that it returns an
- * Object (and you specify the return type via generics).
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * See also {@link TxRunnable}.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- * Ebean.execute(new TxCallable<String>() {
- *   public String call() {
- *     User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
- *     User u2 = Ebean.find(User.class, 2);
- *
- *     u1.setName("u1 mod");
- *     u2.setName("u2 mod");
- *
- *     Ebean.save(u1);
- *     Ebean.save(u2);
- *
- *     return u1.getEmail();
- *   }
- * });
- *
- * }</pre>
- *
- * @see TxRunnable
- */
-public interface TxCallable<T> {
-
-  /**
-   * Execute the method within a transaction scope returning the result.
-   * <p>
-   * If you do not want to return a result you should look to use TxRunnable
-   * instead.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  T call();
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/TxRunnable.java

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean;
-
-/**
- * Execute a TxRunnable in a Transaction scope.
- * <p>
- * Use this with the {@link Ebean#execute(TxRunnable)} method.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * See also {@link TxCallable}.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- * // this run method runs in a transaction scope
- * // which by default is TxScope.REQUIRED
- *
- * Ebean.execute(new TxRunnable() {
- *   public void run() {
- *     User u1 = Ebean.find(User.class, 1);
- *     User u2 = Ebean.find(User.class, 2);
- *
- *     u1.setName("u1 mod");
- *     u2.setName("u2 mod");
- *
- *     Ebean.save(u1);
- *     Ebean.save(u2);
- *   }
- * });
- *
- * }</pre>
- *
- * @see TxCallable
- */
-public interface TxRunnable {
-
-  /**
-   * Run the method in a transaction sope.
-   */
-  void run();
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/TxScope.java

@@ -1,46 +1,62 @@
 package io.ebean;
 
+import io.ebean.annotation.PersistBatch;
+import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
+import io.ebean.annotation.TxType;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
 /**
  * Holds the definition of how a transactional method should run.
  * <p>
  * This information matches the features of the Transactional annotation. You
- * can use it directly with TxRunnable or TxCallable via
- * {@link Ebean#execute(TxScope, TxCallable)} or
- * {@link Ebean#execute(TxScope, TxRunnable)}.
+ * can use it directly with Runnable or Callable via
+ * {@link Ebean#execute(TxScope, Runnable)} or
+ * {@link Ebean#executeCall(TxScope, Callable)}.
  * </p>
  * <p>
  * This object is used internally with the enhancement of a method with
  * Transactional annotation.
  * </p>
  *
- * @see TxCallable
- * @see TxRunnable
- * @see Ebean#execute(TxScope, TxCallable)
- * @see Ebean#execute(TxScope, TxRunnable)
+ * @see Ebean#execute(TxScope, Runnable)
+ * @see Ebean#executeCall(TxScope, Callable)
  */
 public final class TxScope {
 
-  TxType type;
+  private int profileId;
 
-  String serverName;
+  private TxType type;
 
-  TxIsolation isolation;
+  private String serverName;
 
-  PersistBatch batch;
+  private TxIsolation isolation;
 
-  PersistBatch batchOnCascade;
+  private PersistBatch batch;
 
-  int batchSize;
+  private PersistBatch batchOnCascade;
 
-  boolean skipGeneratedKeys;
+  private int batchSize;
 
-  boolean readOnly;
+  private boolean skipGeneratedKeys;
 
-  ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>> rollbackFor;
+  private boolean readOnly;
 
-  ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>> noRollbackFor;
+  /**
+   * Set this to false if the JDBC batch should not be automatically be flushed when a query is executed.
+   */
+  private boolean flushOnQuery = true;
+
+  private boolean skipCache;
+
+  private String label;
+
+  private ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>> rollbackFor;
+
+  private ArrayList<Class<? extends Throwable>> noRollbackFor;
+
+  private ProfileLocation profileLocation;
 
   /**
    * Helper method to create a TxScope with REQUIRES.
@@ -101,6 +117,7 @@ public final class TxScope {
   /**
    * Describes this TxScope instance.
    */
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return "TxScope[" + type + "] readOnly[" + readOnly + "] isolation[" + isolation
       + "] serverName[" + serverName + "] rollbackFor[" + rollbackFor + "] noRollbackFor[" + noRollbackFor + "]";
@@ -159,6 +176,66 @@ public final class TxScope {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the transaction profile id.
+   */
+  public int getProfileId() {
+    return profileId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the transaction profile id.
+   */
+  public TxScope setProfileId(int profileId) {
+    this.profileId = profileId;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the profile location.
+   */
+  public ProfileLocation getProfileLocation() {
+    return profileLocation;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the profile location.
+   */
+  public TxScope setProfileLocation(ProfileLocation profileLocation) {
+    this.profileLocation = profileLocation;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the L2 cache should be skipped for this transaction.
+   */
+  public boolean isSkipCache() {
+    return skipCache;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if the transaction should skip L2 cache access.
+   */
+  public TxScope setSkipCache(boolean skipCache) {
+    this.skipCache = skipCache;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the label for the transaction.
+   */
+  public String getLabel() {
+    return label;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a label for the transaction.
+   */
+  public TxScope setLabel(String label) {
+    this.label = label;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the batch mode.
    */
@@ -234,6 +311,28 @@ public final class TxScope {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return false if the JDBC batch buffer should not be flushed automatically when a query is executed.
+   */
+  public boolean isFlushOnQuery() {
+    return flushOnQuery;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set flushOnQuery to be false to stop automatically flushing the JDBC batch buffer when a query is executed.
+   */
+  public TxScope setFlushOnQuery(boolean flushOnQuery) {
+    this.flushOnQuery = flushOnQuery;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the isolation level.
+   */
+  public int getIsolationLevel() {
+    return isolation != null ? isolation.getLevel() : -1;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the Isolation level this transaction should run with.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/Update.java

@@ -152,6 +152,11 @@ public interface Update<T> {
    */
   Update<T> setNullParameter(String name, int jdbcType);
 
+  /**
+   * Set a label meaning performance metrics will be collected for the execution of this update.
+   */
+  Update<T> setLabel(String label);
+
   /**
    * Return the sql that is actually executed.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/UpdateQuery.java

@@ -148,6 +148,12 @@ public interface UpdateQuery<T> {
    */
   UpdateQuery<T> setRaw(String propertyExpression, Object... values);
 
+  /**
+   * Set the profile location of this update query. This is used to relate query execution metrics
+   * back to a location like a specific line of code.
+   */
+  UpdateQuery<T> setProfileLocation(ProfileLocation profileLocation);
+
   /**
    * Return the query expression list to add predicates to.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/ValuePair.java

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ public class ValuePair {
     this.oldValue = oldValue;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return newValue + "," + oldValue;
   }

src/main/java/io/ebean/XServiceProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import io.ebean.service.SpiProfileLocationFactory;
+import io.ebean.service.SpiRawSqlService;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+/**
+ * Lookup internal services.
+ */
+class XServiceProvider {
+
+  private static SpiRawSqlService rawSqlService = initRawSql();
+
+  private static SpiProfileLocationFactory profileLocationFactory = initProfileLocation();
+
+  private static SpiRawSqlService initRawSql() {
+
+    Iterator<SpiRawSqlService> loader = ServiceLoader.load(SpiRawSqlService.class).iterator();
+    if (loader.hasNext()) {
+      return loader.next();
+    }
+    throw new IllegalStateException("No service implementation found for SpiRawSqlService?");
+  }
+
+  private static SpiProfileLocationFactory initProfileLocation() {
+
+    Iterator<SpiProfileLocationFactory> loader = ServiceLoader.load(SpiProfileLocationFactory.class).iterator();
+    if (loader.hasNext()) {
+      return loader.next();
+    }
+    throw new IllegalStateException("No service implementation found for SpiProfileLocationFactory?");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the RawSqlService implementation.
+   */
+  static SpiRawSqlService rawSql() {
+    return rawSqlService;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the RawSqlService implementation.
+   */
+  static SpiProfileLocationFactory profileLocationFactory() {
+    return profileLocationFactory;
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/annotation/Transactional.java

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.annotation;
-
-import io.ebean.TxIsolation;
-import io.ebean.TxType;
-import io.ebean.PersistBatch;
-
-import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
-import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
-import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
-import java.lang.annotation.Target;
-
-/**
- * Specify transaction scoping for a method.
- * <p>
- * <b><i> This is only supported if "Enhancement" is used via javaagent, ANT
- * task or IDE enhancement plugin etc. </i></b>
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * Note: Currently there are 3 known annotations that perform this role.
- * <ul>
- * <li>EJB's javax.ejb.TransactionAttribute</li>
- * <li>Spring's org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional</li>
- * <li>and this one, Ebean's own Transactional</li>
- * </ul>
- * Spring created their one because the EJB annotation does not support features
- * such as isolation level and specifying rollbackOn, noRollbackOn exceptions.
- * This one exists for Ebean because I agree that the standard one is
- * insufficient and don't want to include a dependency on Spring.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * The default behaviour of EJB (and hence Spring) is to NOT ROLLBACK on checked
- * exceptions. I find this very counter-intuitive. Ebean will provide a property
- * to set the default behaviour to rollback on any exception and optionally
- * change the setting to be consistent with EJB/Spring if people wish to do so.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * <pre>{@code
- *
- *  // a normal class
- *  public class MySimpleUserService {
- *
- *    // this method is transactional automatically handling
- *    // transaction begin, commit and rollback etc
- *    @Transactional
- *    public void runInTrans() throws IOException {
- *
- *      // tasks performed within the transaction
- *      ...
- *      // find some objects
- *      Customer cust = ebeanServer.find(Customer.class, 42);
- *
- *      Order order = ...;
- *      ...
- *      // save some objects
- *      ebeanServer.save(customer);
- *      ebeanServer.save(order);
- *    }
- *
- * }</pre>
- */
-@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
-@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
-public @interface Transactional {
-
-  /**
-   * The type of transaction scoping. Defaults to REQUIRED.
-   */
-  TxType type() default TxType.REQUIRED;
-
-  /**
-   * Persist batch mode for the transaction.
-   */
-  PersistBatch batch() default PersistBatch.INHERIT;
-
-  /**
-   * Persist batch mode for the request if not set on the transaction.
-   * <p>
-   * If batch is set to NONE then batchOnCascade can be set to INSERT or ALL
-   * and then each save(), delete(), insert(), update() request that cascades
-   * to child beans can use JDBC batch.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  PersistBatch batchOnCascade() default PersistBatch.INHERIT;
-
-  /**
-   * The batch size to use when using JDBC batch mode.
-   * <p>
-   * If unset this defaults to the value set in ServerConfig.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  int batchSize() default 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Set to false when we want to skip getting generatedKeys.
-   * <p>
-   * This is typically used in the case of large batch inserts where we get a
-   * performance benefit from not calling getGeneratedKeys (as we are going to
-   * insert a lot of rows and have no need for the Id values after the insert).
-   * </p>
-   */
-  boolean getGeneratedKeys() default true;
-
-  /**
-   * The transaction isolation level this transaction should have.
-   * <p>
-   * This will only be used if this scope creates the transaction. If the
-   * transaction has already started then this will currently be ignored (you
-   * could argue that it should throw an exception).
-   * </p>
-   */
-  TxIsolation isolation() default TxIsolation.DEFAULT;
-
-  /**
-   * Set this to true if the transaction should be only contain queries.
-   */
-  boolean readOnly() default false;
-
-  /**
-   * The name of the server that you want the transaction to be created from.
-   * <p>
-   * If left blank the 'default' server is used.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  String serverName() default "";
-
-  // int timeout() default 0;
-
-  /**
-   * The Throwable's that will explicitly cause a rollback to occur.
-   */
-  Class<? extends Throwable>[] rollbackFor() default {};
-
-  /**
-   * The Throwable's that will explicitly NOT cause a rollback to occur.
-   */
-  Class<? extends Throwable>[] noRollbackFor() default {};
-
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/BeanCollection.java

@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable {
    */
   boolean isSkipSave();
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if the collection holds modifications.
+   */
+  boolean holdsModifications();
+
   /**
    * Return the bean that owns this collection.
    */
@@ -191,6 +196,11 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable {
    */
   void setModifyListening(ModifyListenMode modifyListenMode);
 
+  /**
+   * Return the current modify listening mode. Can be null for on newly created beans.
+   */
+  ModifyListenMode getModifyListening();
+
   /**
    * Add an object to the additions list.
    * <p>
@@ -226,4 +236,14 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable {
    * additions and removals have been processed.
    */
   void modifyReset();
+
+  /**
+   * Has been modified by an addition or removal.
+   */
+  boolean wasTouched();
+
+  /**
+   * Return a shallow copy of this collection that is modifiable.
+   */
+  BeanCollection<E> getShallowCopy();
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/BeanDiffVisitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ebean.bean;
+
+/**
+ * Visitor for collecting new/old values for a bean update.
+ */
+public interface BeanDiffVisitor {
+
+  /**
+   * Collect a new/old value pair.
+   */
+  void visit(int position, Object newVal, Object oldVal);
+
+  /**
+   * Start processing an associated bean.
+   */
+  void visitPush(int position);
+
+  /**
+   * Stop processing an associated bean.
+   */
+  void visitPop();
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/CallStack.java

@@ -26,13 +26,16 @@ public final class CallStack implements Serializable {
 
   private final StackTraceElement[] callStack;
 
+  private final int hc;
+
   public CallStack(StackTraceElement[] callStack, int zeroHash, int pathHash) {
     this.callStack = callStack;
     this.zeroHash = enc(zeroHash);
     this.pathHash = enc(pathHash);
+    this.hc = computeHashCode();
   }
 
-  public int hashCode() {
+  private int computeHashCode() {
     int hc = 0;
     for (StackTraceElement aCallStack : callStack) {
       hc = 92821 * hc + aCallStack.hashCode();
@@ -40,6 +43,12 @@ public final class CallStack implements Serializable {
     return hc;
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return hc;
+  }
+
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     if (obj == this) {
       return true;
@@ -79,6 +88,7 @@ public final class CallStack implements Serializable {
     return pathHash;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return zeroHash + ":" + pathHash + ":" + callStack[0];
   }

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/EntityBean.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package io.ebean.bean;
 
-import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 
 /**
@@ -14,8 +13,14 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
  */
 public interface EntityBean extends Serializable {
 
+  /**
+   * Return all the property names in defined order.
+   */
   String[] _ebean_getPropertyNames();
 
+  /**
+   * Return the property name at the given position.
+   */
   String _ebean_getPropertyName(int pos);
 
   /**
@@ -32,16 +37,6 @@ public interface EntityBean extends Serializable {
    */
   Object _ebean_newInstance();
 
-  /**
-   * Add a PropertyChangeListener to this bean.
-   */
-  void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
-
-  /**
-   * Remove a PropertyChangeListener from this bean.
-   */
-  void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
-
   /**
    * Generated method that sets the loaded state on all the embedded beans on
    * this entity bean by using EntityBeanIntercept.setEmbeddedLoaded(Object o);

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/EntityBeanIntercept.java

@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 
 import javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
-import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
-import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
-import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -33,8 +31,6 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
 
   private transient NodeUsageCollector nodeUsageCollector;
 
-  private transient PropertyChangeSupport pcs;
-
   private transient PersistenceContext persistenceContext;
 
   private transient BeanLoader beanLoader;
@@ -56,6 +52,8 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
    */
   private int state;
 
+  private boolean forceUpdate;
+
   private boolean readOnly;
 
   private boolean dirty;
@@ -94,6 +92,7 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
   private int lazyLoadProperty = -1;
 
   private Object ownerId;
+  private int sortOrder;
 
   /**
    * Create a intercept with a given entity.
@@ -127,46 +126,6 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     this.persistenceContext = persistenceContext;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Add a property change listener for this entity bean.
-   */
-  public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
-    if (pcs == null) {
-      pcs = new PropertyChangeSupport(owner);
-    }
-    pcs.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Add a property change listener for this entity bean for a specific
-   * property.
-   */
-  public void addPropertyChangeListener(String propertyName, PropertyChangeListener listener) {
-    if (pcs == null) {
-      pcs = new PropertyChangeSupport(owner);
-    }
-    pcs.addPropertyChangeListener(propertyName, listener);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Remove a property change listener for this entity bean.
-   */
-  public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
-    if (pcs != null) {
-      pcs.removePropertyChangeListener(listener);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Remove a property change listener for this entity bean for a specific
-   * property.
-   */
-  public void removePropertyChangeListener(String propertyName, PropertyChangeListener listener) {
-    if (pcs != null) {
-      pcs.removePropertyChangeListener(propertyName, listener);
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * Turn on profile collection.
    */
@@ -174,6 +133,20 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     this.nodeUsageCollector = usageCollector;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the ownerId (IdClass).
+   */
+  public Object getOwnerId() {
+    return ownerId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the ownerId (IdClass).
+   */
+  public void setOwnerId(Object ownerId) {
+    this.ownerId = ownerId;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the owning bean for an embedded bean.
    */
@@ -335,6 +308,20 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     this.readOnly = readOnly;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Set the bean to be updated when persisted (for merge).
+   */
+  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {
+    this.forceUpdate = forceUpdate;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the entity should be updated.
+   */
+  public boolean isUpdate() {
+    return forceUpdate || state == STATE_LOADED;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return true if the entity has been loaded.
    */
@@ -506,6 +493,15 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     loadedProps[propertyIndex] = true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Set all properties to be loaded (post insert).
+   */
+  public void setLoadedPropertyAll() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < loadedProps.length; i++) {
+      loadedProps[i] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return true if the property is loaded.
    */
@@ -563,6 +559,16 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Set old value but force it to be set regardless if it already has a value.
+   */
+  private void setOriginalValueForce(int propertyIndex, Object value) {
+    if (origValues == null) {
+      origValues = new Object[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
+    }
+    origValues[propertyIndex] = value;
+  }
+
   /**
    * For forced update on a 'New' bean set all the loaded properties to changed.
    */
@@ -693,6 +699,28 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Recursively add dirty properties.
+   */
+  public void addDirtyPropertyValues(BeanDiffVisitor visitor) {
+    int len = getPropertyLength();
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (changedProps != null && changedProps[i]) {
+        // the property has been changed on this bean
+        Object newVal = owner._ebean_getField(i);
+        Object oldVal = getOrigValue(i);
+        visitor.visit(i, newVal, oldVal);
+
+      } else if (embeddedDirty != null && embeddedDirty[i]) {
+        // an embedded property has been changed - recurse
+        EntityBean embeddedBean = (EntityBean) owner._ebean_getField(i);
+        visitor.visitPush(i);
+        embeddedBean._ebean_getIntercept().addDirtyPropertyValues(visitor);
+        visitor.visitPop();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return a dirty property hash taking into account embedded beans.
    */
@@ -706,6 +734,9 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
    * Add and return a dirty property hash recursing into embedded beans.
    */
   private void addDirtyPropertyKey(StringBuilder sb) {
+    if (sortOrder > 0) {
+      sb.append("s,");
+    }
     int len = getPropertyLength();
     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
       if (changedProps != null && changedProps[i]) {
@@ -859,9 +890,9 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     loadedProps[propertyIndex] = true;
   }
 
-  private final void preGetterCallback() {
+  private void preGetterCallback(int propertyIndex) {
     if (preGetterCallback != null) {
-      preGetterCallback.preGetterTrigger();
+      preGetterCallback.preGetterTrigger(propertyIndex);
     }
   }
 
@@ -869,14 +900,14 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
    * Called prior to Id property getter.
    */
   public void preGetId() {
-    preGetterCallback();
+    preGetterCallback(-1);
   }
 
   /**
    * Method that is called prior to a getter method on the actual entity.
    */
   public void preGetter(int propertyIndex) {
-    preGetterCallback();
+    preGetterCallback(propertyIndex);
     if (state == STATE_NEW || disableLazyLoad) {
       return;
     }
@@ -888,49 +919,17 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Called for "enhancement" postSetter processing. This is around a PUTFIELD
-   * so no need to check the newValue afterwards.
-   */
-  public void postSetter(PropertyChangeEvent event) {
-    if (pcs != null && event != null) {
-      pcs.firePropertyChange(event);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Called for "subclassed" postSetter processing. Here the newValue has to be
-   * re-fetched (and passed into this method) in case there is code inside the
-   * setter that further mutates the value.
-   */
-  public void postSetter(PropertyChangeEvent event, Object newValue) {
-    if (pcs != null && event != null) {
-      if (newValue != null && newValue.equals(event.getNewValue())) {
-        pcs.firePropertyChange(event);
-      } else {
-        pcs.firePropertyChange(event.getPropertyName(), event.getOldValue(), newValue);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * OneToMany and ManyToMany don't have any interception so just check for
    * PropertyChangeSupport.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetterMany(boolean interceptField, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
+  public void preSetterMany(boolean interceptField, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
 
     if (readOnly) {
       throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
     }
 
     setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
-
-    // Bean itself not considered dirty when many changed
-    if (pcs != null) {
-      return new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
-    }
   }
 
   private void setChangedPropertyValue(int propertyIndex, boolean setDirtyState, Object origValue) {
@@ -942,15 +941,19 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
 
     if (setDirtyState) {
       setOriginalValue(propertyIndex, origValue);
-      if (!dirty) {
-        dirty = true;
-        if (embeddedOwner != null) {
-          // Cascade dirty state from Embedded bean to parent bean
-          embeddedOwner._ebean_getIntercept().setEmbeddedDirty(embeddedOwnerIndex);
-        }
-        if (nodeUsageCollector != null) {
-          nodeUsageCollector.setModified();
-        }
+      setDirtyStatus();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setDirtyStatus() {
+    if (!dirty) {
+      dirty = true;
+      if (embeddedOwner != null) {
+        // Cascade dirty state from Embedded bean to parent bean
+        embeddedOwner._ebean_getIntercept().setEmbeddedDirty(embeddedOwnerIndex);
+      }
+      if (nodeUsageCollector != null) {
+        nodeUsageCollector.setModified();
       }
     }
   }
@@ -959,210 +962,156 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
    * Check to see if the values are not equal. If they are not equal then create
    * the old values for use with ConcurrencyMode.ALL.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (!areEqual(oldValue, newValue)) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
 
   /**
    * Check for primitive boolean.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, boolean oldValue, boolean newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, boolean oldValue, boolean newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * Check for primitive int.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, int oldValue, int newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, int oldValue, int newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * long.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, long oldValue, long newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, long oldValue, long newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * double.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, double oldValue, double newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, double oldValue, double newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
-    } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
+    } else if (Double.compare(oldValue, newValue) != 0) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * float.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, float oldValue, float newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, float oldValue, float newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
-    } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
+    } else if (Float.compare(oldValue, newValue) != 0) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * short.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, short oldValue, short newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, short oldValue, short newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * char.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char oldValue, char newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char oldValue, char newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * byte.
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte oldValue, byte newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte oldValue, byte newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
     } else if (oldValue != newValue) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * char[].
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char[] oldValue, char[] newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char[] oldValue, char[] newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
-    } else if (!areEqualChars(oldValue, newValue)) {
+    } else if (!Arrays.equals(oldValue, newValue)) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * byte[].
    */
-  public PropertyChangeEvent preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte[] oldValue, byte[] newValue) {
+  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte[] oldValue, byte[] newValue) {
 
     if (state == STATE_NEW) {
       setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
-    } else if (!areEqualBytes(oldValue, newValue)) {
+    } else if (!Arrays.equals(oldValue, newValue)) {
       setChangedPropertyValue(propertyIndex, intercept, oldValue);
-    } else {
-      return null;
     }
-    return (pcs == null) ? null : new PropertyChangeEvent(owner, getProperty(propertyIndex), oldValue, newValue);
   }
 
-  private static boolean areEqualBytes(byte[] b1, byte[] b2) {
-    if (b1 == null) {
-      return (b2 == null);
-
-    } else if (b2 == null) {
-      return false;
-
-    } else if (b1 == b2) {
-      return true;
-
-    } else if (b1.length != b2.length) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < b1.length; i++) {
-      if (b1[i] != b2[i]) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
+  /**
+   * Explicitly set an old value with force (the old value is forced even it is already set).
+   */
+  public void setOldValue(int propertyIndex, Object oldValue) {
+    setChangedProperty(propertyIndex);
+    setOriginalValueForce(propertyIndex, oldValue);
+    setDirtyStatus();
   }
 
-  private static boolean areEqualChars(char[] b1, char[] b2) {
-    if (b1 == null) {
-      return (b2 == null);
+  /**
+   * Return the sort order value for an order column.
+   */
+  public int getSortOrder() {
+    return sortOrder;
+  }
 
-    } else if (b2 == null) {
-      return false;
-
-    } else if (b1 == b2) {
-      return true;
-
-    } else if (b1.length != b2.length) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < b1.length; i++) {
-      if (b1[i] != b2[i]) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
+  /**
+   * Set the sort order value for an order column.
+   */
+  public void setSortOrder(int sortOrder) {
+    this.sortOrder = sortOrder;
   }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/NodeUsageCollector.java

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ public final class NodeUsageCollector {
     return loadProperty;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return node + " read:" + used + " modified:" + modified;
   }

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/ObjectGraphNode.java

@@ -63,16 +63,19 @@ public final class ObjectGraphNode implements Serializable {
     return path;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return "origin:" + originQueryPoint + " path[" + path + "]";
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     int hc = 92821 * originQueryPoint.hashCode();
     hc = 92821 * hc + (path == null ? 0 : path.hashCode());
     return hc;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     if (obj == this) {
       return true;

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/ObjectGraphOrigin.java

@@ -57,10 +57,12 @@ public final class ObjectGraphOrigin implements Serializable {
     return callStack.getFirstStackTraceElement().toString();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     return "key[" + key + "] type[" + beanType + "] " + callStack.getFirstStackTraceElement() + " ";
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     int hc = 92821 * callStack.hashCode();
     hc = 92821 * hc + beanType.hashCode();
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ public final class ObjectGraphOrigin implements Serializable {
     return hc;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     if (obj == this) {
       return true;

src/main/java/io/ebean/bean/PreGetterCallback.java

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ package io.ebean.bean;
 public interface PreGetterCallback {
 
   /**
-   * Trigger the callback.
+   * Trigger the callback based on a getter on a property.
+   *
+   * @param propertyIndex The index of the property
    */
-  void preGetterTrigger();
+  void preGetterTrigger(int propertyIndex);
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/cache/ServerCache.java

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 package io.ebean.cache;
 
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
 /**
  * Represents part of the "L2" server side cache.
  * <p>
@@ -13,20 +17,46 @@ package io.ebean.cache;
  */
 public interface ServerCache {
 
+  default Map<Object, Object> getAll(Set<Object> keys) {
+
+    Map<Object, Object> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    for (Object key : keys) {
+      Object value = get(key);
+      if (value != null) {
+        map.put(key, value);
+      }
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the value given the key.
    */
   Object get(Object id);
 
+  /**
+   * Put all the values in the cache.
+   */
+  default void putAll(Map<Object, Object> keyValues) {
+    keyValues.forEach(this::put);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Put the value in the cache with a given id.
    */
-  Object put(Object id, Object value);
+  void put(Object id, Object value);
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the entries from the cache given the id values.
+   */
+  default void removeAll(Set<Object> keys) {
+    keys.forEach(this::remove);
+  }
 
   /**
    * Remove a entry from the cache given its id.
    */
-  Object remove(Object id);
+  void remove(Object id);
 
   /**
    * Clear all entries from the cache.

src/main/java/io/ebean/cache/ServerCacheFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.cache;
 
+import io.ebean.config.CurrentTenantProvider;
+
 /**
  * Defines method for constructing caches for beans and queries.
  */
@@ -8,6 +10,6 @@ public interface ServerCacheFactory {
   /**
    * Create the cache for the given type with options.
    */
-  ServerCache createCache(ServerCacheType type, String cacheKey, ServerCacheOptions cacheOptions);
+  ServerCache createCache(ServerCacheType type, String cacheKey, CurrentTenantProvider tenantProvider, ServerCacheOptions cacheOptions);
 
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/cache/ServerCacheManager.java

@@ -44,4 +44,19 @@ public interface ServerCacheManager {
    */
   void clearAll();
 
+  /**
+   * Clear all the local caches.
+   *
+   * This is used when the L2 Cache is based on clustered near-caches (Like Ebean-K8s-L2Cache).
+   * It is not used when the L2 cache is a distributed cache such as HazelCast or Ignite etc.
+   */
+  void clearAllLocal();
+
+  /**
+   * Clear the local caches for this bean type.
+   *
+   * This is used when the L2 Cache is based on clustered near-caches (Like Ebean-K8s-L2Cache).
+   * It is not used when the L2 cache is a distributed cache such as HazelCast or Ignite etc.
+   */
+  void clearLocal(Class<?> beanType);
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/cache/ServerCacheStatistics.java

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ public class ServerCacheStatistics {
 
   protected long evictByLRU;
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     //noinspection StringBufferReplaceableByString
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(80);

src/main/java/io/ebean/cache/TenantAwareKey.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package io.ebean.cache;
+
+import io.ebean.config.CurrentTenantProvider;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Tenant aware handling for caching.
+ */
+public class TenantAwareKey {
+
+  private final CurrentTenantProvider tenantProvider;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct with a tenant provider than can be null.
+   */
+  public TenantAwareKey(CurrentTenantProvider tenantProvider) {
+    this.tenantProvider = tenantProvider;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a tenant aware key.
+   */
+  public Object key(Object key) {
+    if (tenantProvider != null) {
+      return new CacheKey(key, tenantProvider.currentId());
+    } else {
+      return key;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * We use a combined key, if this serverCache is per tenant.
+   */
+  public static final class CacheKey implements Serializable {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    final Object key;
+    final Object tenantId;
+
+    /**
+     * Create with optional tenantId.
+     */
+    public CacheKey(Object key, Object tenantId) {
+      this.key = key;
+      this.tenantId = tenantId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      int result = key.hashCode();
+      result = 92821 * result + Objects.hashCode(tenantId);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj instanceof CacheKey) {
+        CacheKey that = (CacheKey) obj;
+        return Objects.equals(that.key, this.key)
+          && Objects.equals(that.tenantId, this.tenantId);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(key.toString());
+      if (tenantId != null) {
+        sb.append(":").append(tenantId);
+      }
+      return sb.toString();
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/AbstractBeanCollection.java

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollectionLoader;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 
-import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
@@ -47,8 +46,7 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
   protected ModifyHolder<E> modifyHolder;
 
   protected ModifyListenMode modifyListenMode;
-  protected boolean modifyAddListening;
-  protected boolean modifyRemoveListening;
+
   protected boolean modifyListening;
 
   /**
@@ -65,21 +63,25 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
     this.ebeanServerName = loader.getName();
     this.ownerBean = ownerBean;
     this.propertyName = propertyName;
-    this.readOnly = ownerBean._ebean_getIntercept().isReadOnly();
+    this.readOnly = ownerBean != null && ownerBean._ebean_getIntercept().isReadOnly();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public EntityBean getOwnerBean() {
     return ownerBean;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String getPropertyName() {
     return propertyName;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public ExpressionList<?> getFilterMany() {
     return filterMany;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void setFilterMany(ExpressionList<?> filterMany) {
     this.filterMany = filterMany;
   }
@@ -93,31 +95,28 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
     if (loader == null) {
       loader = (BeanCollectionLoader) Ebean.getServer(ebeanServerName);
     }
-    if (loader == null) {
-      String msg = "Lazy loading but LazyLoadEbeanServer is null?"
-        + " The LazyLoadEbeanServer needs to be set after deserialization"
-        + " to support lazy loading.";
-      throw new PersistenceException(msg);
-    }
-
     loader.loadMany(this, onlyIds);
     checkEmptyLazyLoad();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isRegisteredWithLoadContext() {
     return registeredWithLoadContext;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void setLoader(BeanCollectionLoader loader) {
     this.registeredWithLoadContext = true;
     this.loader = loader;
     this.ebeanServerName = loader.getName();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isReadOnly() {
     return readOnly;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
     this.readOnly = readOnly;
   }
@@ -133,15 +132,19 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
   // Support for modify additions deletions etc - ManyToMany
   // ---------------------------------------------------------
 
+  @Override
+  public ModifyListenMode getModifyListening() {
+    return modifyListenMode;
+  }
+
   /**
    * set modifyListening to be on or off.
    */
+  @Override
   public void setModifyListening(ModifyListenMode mode) {
 
     this.modifyListenMode = mode;
-    this.modifyAddListening = ModifyListenMode.ALL.equals(mode);
-    this.modifyRemoveListening = modifyAddListening || ModifyListenMode.REMOVALS.equals(mode);
-    this.modifyListening = modifyRemoveListening || modifyAddListening;
+    this.modifyListening = mode != null && ModifyListenMode.NONE != mode;
     if (modifyListening) {
       // lose any existing modifications
       modifyHolder = null;
@@ -162,24 +165,28 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
     return modifyHolder;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void modifyAddition(E bean) {
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       getModifyHolder().modifyAddition(bean);
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void modifyRemoval(Object bean) {
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       getModifyHolder().modifyRemoval(bean);
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void modifyReset() {
     if (modifyHolder != null) {
       modifyHolder.reset();
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Set<E> getModifyAdditions() {
     if (modifyHolder == null) {
       return null;
@@ -188,6 +195,7 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Set<E> getModifyRemovals() {
     if (modifyHolder == null) {
       return null;
@@ -199,7 +207,25 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
   /**
    * Return true if there are underlying additions or removals.
    */
-  boolean holdsModifications() {
+  @Override
+  public boolean holdsModifications() {
     return modifyHolder != null && modifyHolder.hasModifications();
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean wasTouched() {
+    return modifyHolder != null && modifyHolder.wasTouched();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copies all relevant properties for a clone. See {@link #getShallowCopy()}
+   * @param other
+   */
+  protected void setFromOriginal(AbstractBeanCollection<E> other) {
+    this.disableLazyLoad = other.disableLazyLoad;
+    this.ebeanServerName = other.ebeanServerName;
+    this.loader = other.loader;
+    this.ownerBean = other.ownerBean;
+    this.propertyName = other.propertyName;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/BeanList.java

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list == null || (list.isEmpty() && !holdsModifications());
   }
 
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public void addEntityBean(EntityBean bean) {
     list.add((E) bean);
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     list.addAll((Collection<? extends E>) other.getActualDetails());
   }
 
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public void internalAdd(Object bean) {
     if (list == null) {
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return false;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean checkEmptyLazyLoad() {
     if (list == null) {
       list = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -153,6 +156,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Collection<E> getActualDetails() {
     return list;
   }
@@ -165,6 +169,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
   /**
    * Return true if the underlying list is populated.
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isPopulated() {
     return list != null;
   }
@@ -173,10 +178,12 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    * Return true if this is a reference (lazy loading) bean collection. This is
    * the same as !isPopulated();
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isReference() {
     return list == null;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);
     sb.append("BeanList ");
@@ -201,11 +208,13 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    * test.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     init();
     return list.equals(obj);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     init();
     return list.hashCode();
@@ -219,10 +228,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
   // proxy method for List
   // -----------------------------------------------------//
 
+  @Override
   public void add(int index, E element) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       modifyAddition(element);
     }
     list.add(index, element);
@@ -233,10 +243,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     add(bean);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean add(E o) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       if (list.add(o)) {
         modifyAddition(o);
         return true;
@@ -247,32 +258,35 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.add(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
       getModifyHolder().modifyAdditionAll(c);
     }
     return list.addAll(c);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
       getModifyHolder().modifyAdditionAll(c);
     }
     return list.addAll(index, c);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void clear() {
     checkReadOnly();
     // TODO: when clear() and not initialised could be more clever
     // and fetch just the Id's
     initClear();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       for (E aList : list) {
         getModifyHolder().modifyRemoval(aList);
       }
@@ -280,31 +294,37 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     list.clear();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean contains(Object o) {
     init();
     return list.contains(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
     init();
     return list.containsAll(c);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E get(int index) {
     init();
     return list.get(index);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int indexOf(Object o) {
     init();
     return list.indexOf(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isEmpty() {
     init();
     return list.isEmpty();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Iterator<E> iterator() {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -317,11 +337,13 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.iterator();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
     init();
     return list.lastIndexOf(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -334,6 +356,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.listIterator();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -353,10 +376,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E remove(int index) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       E o = list.remove(index);
       modifyRemoval(o);
       return o;
@@ -364,10 +388,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.remove(index);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean remove(Object o) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean isRemove = list.remove(o);
       if (isRemove) {
         modifyRemoval(o);
@@ -377,10 +402,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.remove(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean changed = false;
       for (Object bean : beans) {
         if (list.remove(bean)) {
@@ -394,10 +420,11 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.removeAll(beans);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> retainBeans) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean changed = false;
       Iterator<E> it = list.iterator();
       while (it.hasNext()) {
@@ -414,6 +441,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.retainAll(retainBeans);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E set(int index, E element) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
@@ -426,11 +454,13 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.set(index, element);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int size() {
     init();
     return list.size();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -442,11 +472,13 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
     return list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Object[] toArray() {
     init();
     return list.toArray();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
     init();
     //noinspection SuspiciousToArrayCall
@@ -463,41 +495,57 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
       this.i = i;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void add(E o) {
       throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void remove() {
       throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void set(E o) {
       throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
     }
 
+    @Override
     public boolean hasNext() {
       return i.hasNext();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public boolean hasPrevious() {
       return i.hasPrevious();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public E next() {
       return i.next();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int nextIndex() {
       return i.nextIndex();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public E previous() {
       return i.previous();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public int previousIndex() {
       return i.previousIndex();
     }
 
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public BeanCollection<E> getShallowCopy() {
+    BeanList<E> copy = new BeanList<>(new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>(list));
+    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
+    return copy;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/BeanMap.java

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     this.map = null;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isSkipSave() {
     return map == null || (map.isEmpty() && !holdsModifications());
   }
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     throw new RuntimeException("Not allowed for map");
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void internalAdd(Object bean) {
     throw new RuntimeException("Not allowed for map");
   }
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    * Return true if the underlying map has been populated. Returns false if it
    * has a deferred fetch pending.
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isPopulated() {
     return map != null;
   }
@@ -102,10 +105,12 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    * Return true if this is a reference (lazy loading) bean collection. This is
    * the same as !isPopulated();
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isReference() {
     return map == null;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean checkEmptyLazyLoad() {
     if (map == null) {
       map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
@@ -153,6 +158,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
   /**
    * Returns the collection of beans (map values).
    */
+  @Override
   public Collection<E> getActualDetails() {
     return map.values();
   }
@@ -164,10 +170,12 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    * they don't need to be set twice).
    * </p>
    */
+  @Override
   public Collection<?> getActualEntries() {
     return map.entrySet();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);
     sb.append("BeanMap ");
@@ -187,20 +195,23 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
   /**
    * Equal if obj is a Map and equal in a Map sense.
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     init();
     return map.equals(obj);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     init();
     return map.hashCode();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void clear() {
     checkReadOnly();
     initClear();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       // add all beans to the removal list
       for (E bean : map.values()) {
         modifyRemoval(bean);
@@ -209,16 +220,19 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     map.clear();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
     init();
     return map.containsKey(key);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
     init();
     return map.containsValue(value);
   }
 
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
   public Set<Entry<K, E>> entrySet() {
     init();
@@ -232,16 +246,19 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     return map.entrySet();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E get(Object key) {
     init();
     return map.get(key);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isEmpty() {
     init();
     return map.isEmpty();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Set<K> keySet() {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -251,6 +268,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     return map.keySet();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E put(K key, E value) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
@@ -265,6 +283,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     return map.put(key, value);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends E> puts) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
@@ -290,10 +309,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E remove(Object key) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       E o = map.remove(key);
       modifyRemoval(o);
       return o;
@@ -301,11 +321,13 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     return map.remove(key);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int size() {
     init();
     return map.size();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Collection<E> values() {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -318,4 +340,10 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
     return map.values();
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public BeanCollection<E> getShallowCopy() {
+    BeanMap<K, E> copy = new BeanMap<>(new LinkedHashMap<>(map));
+    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
+    return copy;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/BeanSet.java

@@ -48,10 +48,12 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     this.set = null;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isSkipSave() {
     return set == null || (set.isEmpty() && !holdsModifications());
   }
 
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public void addEntityBean(EntityBean bean) {
     set.add((E) bean);
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     }
   }
 
+  @Override
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public void internalAdd(Object bean) {
     if (set == null) {
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
   /**
    * Returns true if the underlying set has its data.
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isPopulated() {
     return set != null;
   }
@@ -94,10 +98,12 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    * Return true if this is a reference (lazy loading) bean collection. This is
    * the same as !isPopulated();
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isReference() {
     return set == null;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean checkEmptyLazyLoad() {
     if (set == null) {
       set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
@@ -142,6 +148,7 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Collection<E> getActualDetails() {
     return set;
   }
@@ -151,6 +158,7 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String toString() {
     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);
     sb.append("BeanSet ");
@@ -170,11 +178,13 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
   /**
    * Equal if obj is a Set and equal in a Set sense.
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
     init();
     return set.equals(obj);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int hashCode() {
     init();
     return set.hashCode();
@@ -196,10 +206,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
   // proxy method for map
   // -----------------------------------------------------//
 
+  @Override
   public boolean add(E o) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       if (set.add(o)) {
         modifyAddition(o);
         return true;
@@ -210,10 +221,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.add(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> addCollection) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyAddListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean changed = false;
       for (E bean : addCollection) {
         if (set.add(bean)) {
@@ -227,10 +239,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.addAll(addCollection);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void clear() {
     checkReadOnly();
     initClear();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       for (E bean : set) {
         modifyRemoval(bean);
       }
@@ -238,21 +251,25 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     set.clear();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean contains(Object o) {
     init();
     return set.contains(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
     init();
     return set.containsAll(c);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean isEmpty() {
     init();
     return set.isEmpty();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Iterator<E> iterator() {
     init();
     if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -264,10 +281,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.iterator();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean remove(Object o) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       if (set.remove(o)) {
         modifyRemoval(o);
         return true;
@@ -277,10 +295,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.remove(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean changed = false;
       for (Object bean : beans) {
         if (set.remove(bean)) {
@@ -293,10 +312,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.removeAll(beans);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> beans) {
     checkReadOnly();
     init();
-    if (modifyRemoveListening) {
+    if (modifyListening) {
       boolean changed = false;
       Iterator<?> it = set.iterator();
       while (it.hasNext()) {
@@ -313,16 +333,19 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
     return set.retainAll(beans);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int size() {
     init();
     return set.size();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public Object[] toArray() {
     init();
     return set.toArray();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
     init();
     //noinspection SuspiciousToArrayCall
@@ -339,17 +362,26 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
       this.it = it;
     }
 
+    @Override
     public boolean hasNext() {
       return it.hasNext();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public E next() {
       return it.next();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void remove() {
       throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
     }
   }
-
+  
+  @Override
+  public BeanCollection<E> getShallowCopy() {
+    BeanSet<E> copy = new BeanSet<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(set));
+    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
+    return copy;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/CopyOnFirstWriteList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package io.ebean.common;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
+
+/**
+ * List that copies itself on first write access. Needed to keep memory footprint low and the ability
+ * to modify lists from cache.
+ * 
+ * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
+ */
+public final class CopyOnFirstWriteList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, Serializable {
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  /**
+   * The underlying List implementation.
+   */
+  private List<E> list;
+  
+  
+  public CopyOnFirstWriteList(List<E> list) {
+    super();
+    this.list = list;
+  }
+
+  private volatile boolean copied = false;
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return list.size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isEmpty() {
+    return list.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean contains(Object o) {
+    return list.contains(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object[] toArray() {
+    return list.toArray();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+    return list.toArray(a);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(E e) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.add(e);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.remove(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    return list.containsAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.addAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.addAll(index, c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.removeAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.retainAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    list.replaceAll(operator);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.removeIf(filter);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    list.sort(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    if (!copied) {
+      list = new ArrayList<>();
+      copied = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    return list.equals(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return list.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E get(int index) {
+    return list.get(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E set(int index, E element) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.set(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, E element) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    list.add(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E remove(int index) {
+    checkCopyOnWrite();
+    return list.remove(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int indexOf(Object o) {
+    return list.indexOf(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
+    return list.lastIndexOf(o);
+  }
+  
+  private void checkCopyOnWrite() {
+    if (!copied) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (!copied) {
+          list = new ArrayList<>(list);
+          copied = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/ModifyCollection.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class ModifyCollection<E> implements Collection<E> {
     this.c = c;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean add(E o) {
     if (c.add(o)) {
       owner.modifyAddition(o);
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ class ModifyCollection<E> implements Collection<E> {
     return false;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> collection) {
     boolean changed = false;
     for (E o : collection) {

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/ModifyHolder.java

@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ class ModifyHolder<E> implements Serializable {
    */
   private Set<E> modifyAdditions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
 
+  private boolean touched;
+
   void reset() {
+    touched = false;
     modifyDeletions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
     modifyAdditions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
   }
@@ -44,21 +47,31 @@ class ModifyHolder<E> implements Serializable {
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean undoDeletion(E bean) {
+    return (bean != null) && modifyDeletions.remove(bean);
+  }
+
   void modifyAddition(E bean) {
     if (bean != null) {
+      touched = true;
       // If it is to delete then just remove the deletion
-      if (!modifyDeletions.remove(bean)) {
+      if (!undoDeletion(bean)) {
         // Insert
         modifyAdditions.add(bean);
       }
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean undoAddition(Object bean) {
+    return (bean != null) && modifyAdditions.remove(bean);
+  }
+
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   void modifyRemoval(Object bean) {
     if (bean != null) {
+      touched = true;
       // If it is to be added then just remove the addition
-      if (!modifyAdditions.remove(bean)) {
+      if (!undoAddition(bean)) {
         modifyDeletions.add((E) bean);
       }
     }
@@ -72,6 +85,14 @@ class ModifyHolder<E> implements Serializable {
     return modifyDeletions;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if the collection was touched in some way. This is still true even if
+   * a bean was removed and then added (which is not held as a modification).
+   */
+  boolean wasTouched() {
+    return touched;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return true if there additions or removals.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/ModifyIterator.java

@@ -31,15 +31,18 @@ class ModifyIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
     this.it = it;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean hasNext() {
     return it.hasNext();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E next() {
     last = it.next();
     return last;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void remove() {
     owner.modifyRemoval(last);
     it.remove();

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/ModifyList.java

@@ -33,11 +33,13 @@ class ModifyList<E> extends ModifyCollection<E> implements List<E> {
     this.list = list;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void add(int index, E element) {
     list.add(index, element);
     owner.modifyAddition(element);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> addCollection) {
     if (list.addAll(index, addCollection)) {
       for (E bean : addCollection) {
@@ -48,32 +50,39 @@ class ModifyList<E> extends ModifyCollection<E> implements List<E> {
     return false;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E get(int index) {
     return list.get(index);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int indexOf(Object o) {
     return list.indexOf(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
     return list.lastIndexOf(o);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
     return new ModifyListIterator<>(owner, list.listIterator());
   }
 
+  @Override
   public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
     return new ModifyListIterator<>(owner, list.listIterator(index));
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E remove(int index) {
     E o = list.remove(index);
     owner.modifyRemoval(o);
     return o;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E set(int index, E element) {
     E o = list.set(index, element);
     owner.modifyAddition(element);
@@ -81,6 +90,7 @@ class ModifyList<E> extends ModifyCollection<E> implements List<E> {
     return o;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
     return new ModifyList<>(owner, list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
   }

src/main/java/io/ebean/common/ModifyListIterator.java

@@ -28,44 +28,53 @@ class ModifyListIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E> {
     this.it = it;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void add(E bean) {
     owner.modifyAddition(bean);
     last = null;
     it.add(bean);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean hasNext() {
     return it.hasNext();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public boolean hasPrevious() {
     return it.hasPrevious();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E next() {
     last = it.next();
     return last;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int nextIndex() {
     return it.nextIndex();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public E previous() {
     last = it.previous();
     return last;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public int previousIndex() {
     return it.previousIndex();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void remove() {
     owner.modifyRemoval(last);
     last = null;
     it.remove();
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void set(E o) {
     if (last != null) {
       owner.modifyRemoval(last);

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/AbstractNamingConvention.java

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DatabasePlatform;
+import io.ebean.util.AnnotationUtil;
 
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import javax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue;
 import javax.persistence.Inheritance;
 import javax.persistence.Table;
-import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 
 /**
  * Provides some base implementation for NamingConventions.
@@ -14,16 +16,15 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  */
 public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
 
+  private static final Pattern TABLE_REPLACE = Pattern.compile("{table}", Pattern.LITERAL);
+
+  private static final Pattern COLUMN_REPLACE = Pattern.compile("{column}", Pattern.LITERAL);
+
   /**
    * The Constant DEFAULT_SEQ_FORMAT.
    */
   public static final String DEFAULT_SEQ_FORMAT = "{table}_seq";
 
-  /**
-   * Sequence Format that includes the Primary Key column
-   */
-  public static final String TABLE_PKCOLUMN_SEQ_FORMAT = "{table}_{column}_seq";
-
   /**
    * The catalog.
    */
@@ -76,16 +77,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
     this(DEFAULT_SEQ_FORMAT);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void setDatabasePlatform(DatabasePlatform databasePlatform) {
     this.databasePlatform = databasePlatform;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String getSequenceName(String tableName, String pkColumn) {
-    String s = sequenceFormat.replace("{table}", tableName);
+    String s = TABLE_REPLACE.matcher(sequenceFormat).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(tableName));
     if (pkColumn == null) {
       pkColumn = "";
     }
-    return s.replace("{column}", pkColumn);
+    return COLUMN_REPLACE.matcher(s).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(pkColumn));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
    * column names.
    * </p>
    */
+  @Override
   public boolean isUseForeignKeyPrefix() {
     return useForeignKeyPrefix;
   }
@@ -180,47 +184,47 @@ public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
    * @see #getTableNameFromAnnotation(Class)
    * @see #getTableNameByConvention(Class)
    */
+  @Override
   public TableName getTableName(Class<?> beanClass) {
+    while (true) {
 
-    TableName tableName = getTableNameFromAnnotation(beanClass);
-    if (tableName == null) {
-      Class<?> supCls = beanClass.getSuperclass();
-      if (hasInheritance(supCls)) {
-        // get the table as per inherited class in case there
-        // is not a table annotation in the inheritance hierarchy
-        return getTableName(supCls);
+      TableName tableName = getTableNameFromAnnotation(beanClass);
+      if (tableName == null) {
+        Class<?> supCls = beanClass.getSuperclass();
+        if (hasInheritance(supCls)) {
+          // get the table as per inherited class in case there
+          // is not a table annotation in the inheritance hierarchy
+          beanClass = supCls;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        tableName = getTableNameByConvention(beanClass);
       }
 
-      tableName = getTableNameByConvention(beanClass);
+      // Use naming convention for catalog or schema,
+      // if not set in the annotation.
+      String catalog = tableName.getCatalog();
+      if (isEmpty(catalog)) {
+        catalog = getCatalog();
+      }
+      String schema = tableName.getSchema();
+      if (isEmpty(schema)) {
+        schema = getSchema();
+      }
+      return new TableName(catalog, schema, tableName.getName());
     }
-
-    // Use naming convention for catalog or schema,
-    // if not set in the annotation.
-    String catalog = tableName.getCatalog();
-    if (isEmpty(catalog)) {
-      catalog = getCatalog();
-    }
-    String schema = tableName.getSchema();
-    if (isEmpty(schema)) {
-      schema = getSchema();
-    }
-    return new TableName(catalog, schema, tableName.getName());
   }
 
   /**
    * Return true if this class is part of entity inheritance.
    */
   protected boolean hasInheritance(Class<?> supCls) {
-    return hasAnnotation(supCls, Inheritance.class) || hasAnnotation(supCls, DiscriminatorValue.class);
+    return AnnotationUtil.findAnnotationRecursive(supCls, Inheritance.class) != null
+        || AnnotationUtil.findAnnotation(supCls, DiscriminatorValue.class) != null;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Return true if the class has the given annotation.
-   */
-  protected boolean hasAnnotation(Class<?> supCls, Class<? extends Annotation> annotation) {
-    return supCls.getAnnotation(annotation) != null;
-  }
 
+  @Override
   public TableName getM2MJoinTableName(TableName lhsTable, TableName rhsTable) {
 
     StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
    */
   protected TableName getTableNameFromAnnotation(Class<?> beanClass) {
 
-    final Table t = findTableAnnotation(beanClass);
+    final Table t = AnnotationUtil.findAnnotationRecursive(beanClass, Table.class);
 
     // Take the annotation if defined
     if (t != null && !isEmpty(t.name())) {
@@ -262,20 +266,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractNamingConvention implements NamingConvention {
     return null;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Search recursively for an @Table in the class hierarchy.
-   */
-  protected Table findTableAnnotation(Class<?> cls) {
-    if (cls.equals(Object.class)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    Table table = cls.getAnnotation(Table.class);
-    if (table != null) {
-      return table;
-    }
-    return findTableAnnotation(cls.getSuperclass());
-  }
-
   /**
    * Replace back ticks (if they are used) with database platform specific
    * quoted identifiers.

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/AutoConfigure.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+/**
+ * Used to provide some automatic configuration early in the creation of an EbeanServer.
+ */
+public interface AutoConfigure {
+
+  /**
+   * Perform configuration for the ServerConfig prior to properties load.
+   */
+  void preConfigure(ServerConfig serverConfig);
+
+  /**
+   * Provide some configuration the ServerConfig prior to server creation but after properties have been applied.
+   */
+  void postConfigure(ServerConfig serverConfig);
+
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/AutoTuneConfig.java

@@ -32,6 +32,15 @@ public class AutoTuneConfig {
   public AutoTuneConfig() {
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if we are profiling or query tuning.
+   *
+   * If we are not doing either then we don't need a CallStack.
+   */
+  public boolean isActive() {
+    return profiling || queryTuning;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the name of the file that holds the query tuning information.
    */

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ClassLoadConfig.java

@@ -54,6 +54,22 @@ public class ClassLoadConfig {
     return isPresent("javax.validation.constraints.NotNull");
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if javax PostConstruct annotation is present (maybe not in java9).
+   * If not we don't support PostConstruct lifecycle events.
+   */
+  public boolean isJavaxPostConstructPresent() {
+    return isPresent("javax.annotation.PostConstruct");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if javax JAXB is present (maybe not in java9).
+   * If not we don't try to parse or support 'extra ddl'.
+   */
+  public boolean isJavaxJAXBPresent() {
+    return isPresent("javax.xml.bind.JAXBException");
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return true if Jackson annotations like JsonIgnore are present.
    */
@@ -118,7 +134,7 @@ public class ClassLoadConfig {
   /**
    * Wraps the preferred, caller and context class loaders.
    */
-  protected class ClassLoaderContext {
+  protected static class ClassLoaderContext {
 
     /**
      * Optional - if set only use this classLoader (no fallback).

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ContainerConfig.java

@@ -10,22 +10,82 @@ import java.util.Properties;
  */
 public class ContainerConfig {
 
-  protected boolean clusterActive;
+  private boolean active;
+  private String serviceName;
+  private String namespace;
+  private String podName;
+  private int port;
 
-  protected Properties properties;
+  private Properties properties;
+
+  /**
+   * Return the service name.
+   */
+  public String getServiceName() {
+    return serviceName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the service name.
+   */
+  public void setServiceName(String serviceName) {
+    this.serviceName = serviceName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the namespace.
+   */
+  public String getNamespace() {
+    return namespace;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the namespace.
+   */
+  public void setNamespace(String namespace) {
+    this.namespace = namespace;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the pod name.
+   */
+  public String getPodName() {
+    return podName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the pod name.
+   */
+  public void setPodName(String podName) {
+    this.podName = podName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the port to use.
+   */
+  public int getPort() {
+    return port;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the port to use.
+   */
+  public void setPort(int port) {
+    this.port = port;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Return true if clustering is active.
    */
-  public boolean isClusterActive() {
-    return clusterActive;
+  public boolean isActive() {
+    return active;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set to true for clustering to be active.
    */
-  public void setClusterActive(boolean clusterActive) {
-    this.clusterActive = clusterActive;
+  public void setActive(boolean active) {
+    this.active = active;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -47,7 +107,14 @@ public class ContainerConfig {
    */
   public void loadFromProperties(Properties properties) {
     this.properties = properties;
-    this.clusterActive = getProperty(properties, "ebean.cluster.active", clusterActive);
+    this.active = getProperty(properties, "ebean.cluster.active", active);
+    this.serviceName = properties.getProperty("ebean.cluster.serviceName", serviceName);
+    this.namespace = properties.getProperty("ebean.cluster.namespace", namespace);
+    this.podName = properties.getProperty("ebean.cluster.podName", podName);
+    String portParam = properties.getProperty("ebean.cluster.port");
+    if (portParam != null) {
+      this.port = Integer.parseInt(portParam);
+    }
   }
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/CurrentTenantProvider.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
 /**
  * Provides the Tenant Id for the current request based on the current user.
  */
+@FunctionalInterface
 public interface CurrentTenantProvider {
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/CurrentUserProvider.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
 /**
  * Provides the current user in order to support 'Who created', 'Who modified' and other audit features.
  */
+@FunctionalInterface
 public interface CurrentUserProvider {
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/CustomDbTypeMapping.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbType;
-import io.ebean.Platform;
+import io.ebean.annotation.Platform;
 
 /**
  * Custom mappings for DB types that override the default.

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/DbMigrationConfig.java

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
-import io.ebean.Platform;
-import io.ebean.dbmigration.MigrationConfig;
-import io.ebean.dbmigration.MigrationRunner;
+import io.ebean.EbeanVersion;
+import io.ebean.annotation.Platform;
+import io.ebean.migration.MigrationConfig;
+import io.ebean.migration.MigrationRunner;
+import io.ebean.util.StringHelper;
+
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
 
 /**
  * Configuration for the DB migration processing.
@@ -15,6 +21,8 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
 
   protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DbMigrationConfig.class);
 
+  protected MigrationConfig runnerConfig = new MigrationConfig();
+
   /**
    * The database platform to generate migration DDL for.
    */
@@ -104,6 +112,20 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
    */
   protected String dbPassword;
 
+  protected String patchInsertOn;
+
+  protected String patchResetChecksumOn;
+
+  /**
+   * Mode used to check non-null columns added via migration have a default value specified etc.
+   */
+  protected boolean strictMode = true;
+
+  /**
+   * Contains the DDL-header information.
+   */
+  protected String ddlHeader;
+
   /**
    * Return the DB platform to generate migration DDL for.
    * <p>
@@ -351,6 +373,84 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
     this.dbPassword = dbPassword;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return migration versions that should be added to history without running.
+   */
+  public String getPatchInsertOn() {
+    return patchInsertOn;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set migration versions that should be added to history without running.
+   * <p>
+   * Value can be a string containing comma delimited list of version numbers.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void setPatchInsertOn(String patchInsertOn) {
+    this.patchInsertOn = patchInsertOn;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return migration versions that should have their checksum reset and not run.
+   */
+  public String getPatchResetChecksumOn() {
+    return patchResetChecksumOn;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a DDL header prepend for each DDL. E.g. for copyright headers
+   * You can use placeholders like ${version} or ${timestamp} in properties file.
+   */
+  public String getDdlHeader() {
+    if (ddlHeader != null && !ddlHeader.isEmpty()) {
+      ddlHeader = StringHelper.replaceString(ddlHeader, "${version}", EbeanVersion.getVersion());
+      ddlHeader = StringHelper.replaceString(ddlHeader, "${timestamp}", ZonedDateTime.now().format( DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT ));
+    }
+    return ddlHeader;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the header prepended to the DDL.
+   */
+  public void setDdlHeader(String ddlHeader) {
+    this.ddlHeader = ddlHeader;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set migration versions that should have their checksum reset and not run.
+   * <p>
+   * Value can be a string containing comma delimited list of version numbers.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void setPatchResetChecksumOn(String patchResetChecksumOn) {
+    this.patchResetChecksumOn = patchResetChecksumOn;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if strict mode is used which includes a check that non-null columns have a default value.
+   */
+  public boolean isStrictMode() {
+    String envValue = readEnvironment("ddl.migration.strictMode");
+    if (!isEmpty(envValue)) {
+      return Boolean.parseBoolean(envValue.trim());
+    }
+    return strictMode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to false to turn off strict mode allowing non-null columns to not have a default value.
+   */
+  public void setStrictMode(boolean strictMode) {
+    this.strictMode = strictMode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the underlying migration runner configuration allowing for more advanced settings.
+   */
+  public MigrationConfig getRunnerConfig() {
+    return runnerConfig;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Load the settings from the PropertiesWrapper.
    */
@@ -369,18 +469,23 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
     generate = properties.getBoolean("migration.generate", generate);
     version = properties.get("migration.version", version);
     name = properties.get("migration.name", name);
+    patchInsertOn = properties.get("migration.patchInsertOn", patchInsertOn);
+    patchResetChecksumOn = properties.get("migration.patchResetChecksumOn", patchResetChecksumOn);
 
     runMigration = properties.getBoolean("migration.run", runMigration);
     metaTable = properties.get("migration.metaTable", metaTable);
     runPlaceholders = properties.get("migration.placeholders", runPlaceholders);
 
-    String adminUser = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".username", dbUsername);
-    adminUser = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".adminusername", adminUser);
+    //Do not set user and pass from "datasource.db.username"
+    //There is a null test in MigrationRunner::getConnection to handle this
+    //String adminUser = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".username", dbUsername);
+    String adminUser = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".adminusername", dbUsername);
     dbUsername = properties.get("migration.dbusername", adminUser);
 
-    String adminPwd = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".password", dbPassword);
-    adminPwd = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".adminpassword", adminPwd);
+    //String adminPwd = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".password", dbPassword);
+    String adminPwd = properties.get("datasource." + serverName + ".adminpassword", dbPassword);
     dbPassword = properties.get("migration.dbpassword", adminPwd);
+    ddlHeader = properties.get("ddl.header", ddlHeader);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -443,9 +548,8 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
   /**
    * Create the MigrationRunner to run migrations if necessary.
    */
-  public MigrationRunner createRunner(ClassLoader classLoader) {
+  public MigrationRunner createRunner(ClassLoader classLoader, Properties properties) {
 
-    MigrationConfig runnerConfig = new MigrationConfig();
     runnerConfig.setMetaTable(metaTable);
     runnerConfig.setApplySuffix(applySuffix);
     runnerConfig.setMigrationPath(migrationPath);
@@ -454,6 +558,15 @@ public class DbMigrationConfig {
     runnerConfig.setDbUsername(getDbUsername());
     runnerConfig.setDbPassword(getDbPassword());
     runnerConfig.setClassLoader(classLoader);
+    if (patchInsertOn != null) {
+      runnerConfig.setPatchInsertOn(patchInsertOn);
+    }
+    if (patchResetChecksumOn != null) {
+      runnerConfig.setPatchResetChecksumOn(patchResetChecksumOn);
+    }
+    if (properties != null) {
+      runnerConfig.load(properties);
+    }
     return new MigrationRunner(runnerConfig);
   }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/DbTypeConfig.java

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.config;
-
-import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbType;
-import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.IdType;
-import io.ebean.Platform;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-/**
- * Configuration for DB types such as UUID, Geometry etc.
- */
-public class DbTypeConfig {
-
-  /**
-   * The Geometry SRID value (default 4326).
-   */
-  private int geometrySRID = 4326;
-
-  /**
-   * Set for DB's that support both Sequence and Identity (and the default choice is not desired).
-   */
-  private IdType idType;
-
-  /**
-   * Setting to indicate if UUID should be stored as binary(16) or varchar(40) or native DB type (for H2 and Postgres).
-   */
-  private ServerConfig.DbUuid dbUuid = ServerConfig.DbUuid.AUTO_VARCHAR;
-
-  /**
-   * Modify the default mapping of standard types such as default precision for DECIMAL etc.
-   */
-  private List<CustomDbTypeMapping> customDbTypeMappings = new ArrayList<>();
-
-  /**
-   * Return the Geometry SRID.
-   */
-  public int getGeometrySRID() {
-    return geometrySRID;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set the Geometry SRID.
-   */
-  public void setGeometrySRID(int geometrySRID) {
-    this.geometrySRID = geometrySRID;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the DB type used to store UUID.
-   */
-  public ServerConfig.DbUuid getDbUuid() {
-    return dbUuid;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set the DB type used to store UUID.
-   */
-  public void setDbUuid(ServerConfig.DbUuid dbUuid) {
-    this.dbUuid = dbUuid;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the IdType to use (or null for the default choice).
-   */
-  public IdType getIdType() {
-    return idType;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set the IdType to use (when the DB supports both SEQUENCE and IDENTITY and the default is not desired).
-   */
-  public void setIdType(IdType idType) {
-    this.idType = idType;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Add a custom type mapping.
-   * <p>
-   * <pre>{@code
-   *
-   *   // set the default mapping for BigDecimal.class/decimal
-   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.DECIMAL, "decimal(18,6)");
-   *
-   *   // set the default mapping for String.class/varchar but only for Postgres
-   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.VARCHAR, "text", Platform.POSTGRES);
-   *
-   * }</pre>
-   *
-   * @param type             The DB type this mapping should apply to
-   * @param columnDefinition The column definition that should be used
-   * @param platform         Optionally specify the platform this mapping should apply to.
-   */
-  public void addCustomMapping(DbType type, String columnDefinition, Platform platform) {
-    customDbTypeMappings.add(new CustomDbTypeMapping(type, columnDefinition, platform));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Add a custom type mapping that applies to all platforms.
-   * <p>
-   * <pre>{@code
-   *
-   *   // set the default mapping for BigDecimal/decimal
-   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.DECIMAL, "decimal(18,6)");
-   *
-   *   // set the default mapping for String/varchar
-   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.VARCHAR, "text");
-   *
-   * }</pre>
-   *
-   * @param type             The DB type this mapping should apply to
-   * @param columnDefinition The column definition that should be used
-   */
-  public void addCustomMapping(DbType type, String columnDefinition) {
-    customDbTypeMappings.add(new CustomDbTypeMapping(type, columnDefinition));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the list of custom type mappings.
-   */
-  public List<CustomDbTypeMapping> getCustomTypeMappings() {
-    return customDbTypeMappings;
-  }
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/DocStoreConfig.java

@@ -33,6 +33,21 @@ public class DocStoreConfig {
    */
   protected String url;
 
+  /**
+   * Credential that be used for authentication to document store.
+   */
+  protected String username;
+
+  /**
+   * Password credential that be used for authentication to document store.
+   */
+  protected String password;
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true such that the client allows connections to invalid/self signed SSL certificates.
+   */
+  protected boolean allowAllCertificates;
+
   /**
    * The default mode used by indexes.
    */
@@ -87,6 +102,34 @@ public class DocStoreConfig {
     return url;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the user credential for connecting to the document store.
+   */
+  public String getUsername() {
+    return username;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the user credential for connecting to the document store.
+   */
+  public void setUsername(String username) {
+    this.username = username;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the password credential for connecting to the document store.
+   */
+  public String getPassword() {
+    return password;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the password credential for connecting to the document store.
+   */
+  public void setPassword(String password) {
+    this.password = password;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Set the URL to the Document store server.
    * <p>
@@ -152,6 +195,20 @@ public class DocStoreConfig {
     this.create = create;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if the client allows connections to invalid/self signed SSL certificates.
+   */
+  public boolean isAllowAllCertificates() {
+    return allowAllCertificates;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true such that the client allows connections to invalid/self signed SSL certificates.
+   */
+  public void setAllowAllCertificates(boolean allowAllCertificates) {
+    this.allowAllCertificates = allowAllCertificates;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the default batch size to use for calls to the Bulk API.
    */
@@ -248,11 +305,14 @@ public class DocStoreConfig {
 
     active = properties.getBoolean("docstore.active", active);
     url = properties.get("docstore.url", url);
+    username = properties.get("docstore.username", url);
+    password = properties.get("docstore.password", url);
     persist = properties.getEnum(DocStoreMode.class, "docstore.persist", persist);
     bulkBatchSize = properties.getInt("docstore.bulkBatchSize", bulkBatchSize);
     generateMapping = properties.getBoolean("docstore.generateMapping", generateMapping);
     dropCreate = properties.getBoolean("docstore.dropCreate", dropCreate);
     create = properties.getBoolean("docstore.create", create);
+    allowAllCertificates = properties.getBoolean("docstore.allowAllCertificates", allowAllCertificates);
     mappingPath = properties.get("docstore.mappingPath", mappingPath);
     mappingSuffix = properties.get("docstore.mappingSuffix", mappingSuffix);
     pathToResources = properties.get("docstore.pathToResources", pathToResources);

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/EncryptDeployManager.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
 /**
  * Programmatically define which database columns are encrypted.
  */
+@FunctionalInterface
 public interface EncryptDeployManager {
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/EncryptKey.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
  * For simple cases this often represent a simple String key but depending on
  * the encryption method this could contain other details.
  */
+@FunctionalInterface
 public interface EncryptKey {
 
   /**

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/EncryptKeyManager.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.config;
 /**
  * Determine keys used for encryption and decryption.
  */
+@FunctionalInterface
 public interface EncryptKeyManager {
 
   /**
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ public interface EncryptKeyManager {
    * This gives the EncryptKeyManager the opportunity to get keys etc.
    * </p>
    */
-  void initialise();
+  default void initialise() {}
 
   /**
    * Return the key used to encrypt and decrypt a property mapping to the given

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/MatchingNamingConvention.java

@@ -29,23 +29,29 @@ public class MatchingNamingConvention extends AbstractNamingConvention {
     super(sequenceFormat);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String getColumnFromProperty(Class<?> beanClass, String propertyName) {
-    return propertyName;
+    return quoteIdentifiers(propertyName);
   }
 
+  @Override
   public TableName getTableNameByConvention(Class<?> beanClass) {
 
     return new TableName(getCatalog(), getSchema(), beanClass.getSimpleName());
   }
 
+  @Override
   public String getPropertyFromColumn(Class<?> beanClass, String dbColumnName) {
     return dbColumnName;
   }
 
   @Override
   public String getForeignKey(String prefix, String fkProperty) {
+    prefix = databasePlatform.unQuote(prefix);
+    fkProperty = databasePlatform.unQuote(fkProperty);
     // add fkProperty as init caps
-    return prefix + fkProperty.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + fkProperty.substring(1);
+    String fullName = prefix + fkProperty.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + fkProperty.substring(1);
+    return quoteIdentifiers(fullName);
   }
 
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PlatformConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+import io.ebean.annotation.Platform;
+import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbType;
+import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.IdType;
+import io.ebean.util.StringHelper;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for DB types such as UUID, Geometry etc.
+ */
+public class PlatformConfig {
+
+  private boolean allQuotedIdentifiers;
+
+  /**
+   * The database boolean true value (typically either 1, T, or Y).
+   */
+  private String databaseBooleanTrue;
+
+  /**
+   * The database boolean false value (typically either 0, F or N).
+   */
+  private String databaseBooleanFalse;
+
+  /**
+   * For DB's using sequences this is the number of sequence values prefetched.
+   */
+  private int databaseSequenceBatchSize = 20;
+
+  /**
+   * Set for DB's that support both Sequence and Identity (and the default choice is not desired).
+   */
+  private IdType idType;
+
+  /**
+   * The Geometry SRID value (default 4326).
+   */
+  private int geometrySRID = 4326;
+
+  /**
+   * Setting to indicate if UUID should be stored as binary(16) or varchar(40) or native DB type (for H2 and Postgres).
+   */
+  private DbUuid dbUuid = DbUuid.AUTO_VARCHAR;
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the default mapping of standard types such as default precision for DECIMAL etc.
+   */
+  private List<CustomDbTypeMapping> customDbTypeMappings = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Construct with defaults.
+   */
+  public PlatformConfig() {
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct based on given config - typically for DbMigration generation with many platforms.
+   */
+  public PlatformConfig(PlatformConfig platformConfig) {
+    this.databaseBooleanFalse = platformConfig.databaseBooleanFalse;
+    this.databaseBooleanTrue = platformConfig.databaseBooleanTrue;
+    this.databaseSequenceBatchSize = platformConfig.databaseSequenceBatchSize;
+    this.idType = platformConfig.idType;
+    this.geometrySRID = platformConfig.geometrySRID;
+    this.dbUuid = platformConfig.dbUuid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if all DB column and table names should use quoted identifiers.
+   */
+  public boolean isAllQuotedIdentifiers() {
+    return allQuotedIdentifiers;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if all DB column and table names should use quoted identifiers.
+   */
+  public void setAllQuotedIdentifiers(boolean allQuotedIdentifiers) {
+    this.allQuotedIdentifiers = allQuotedIdentifiers;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a value used to represent TRUE in the database.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used for databases that do not support boolean natively.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * The value returned is either a Integer or a String (e.g. "1", or "T").
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public String getDatabaseBooleanTrue() {
+    return databaseBooleanTrue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value to represent TRUE in the database.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used for databases that do not support boolean natively.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * The value set is either a Integer or a String (e.g. "1", or "T").
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void setDatabaseBooleanTrue(String databaseBooleanTrue) {
+    this.databaseBooleanTrue = databaseBooleanTrue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a value used to represent FALSE in the database.
+   */
+  public String getDatabaseBooleanFalse() {
+    return databaseBooleanFalse;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value used to represent FALSE in the database.
+   */
+  public void setDatabaseBooleanFalse(String databaseBooleanFalse) {
+    this.databaseBooleanFalse = databaseBooleanFalse;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the number of DB sequence values that should be preallocated.
+   */
+  public int getDatabaseSequenceBatchSize() {
+    return databaseSequenceBatchSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the number of DB sequence values that should be preallocated.
+   */
+  public void setDatabaseSequenceBatchSize(int databaseSequenceBatchSize) {
+    this.databaseSequenceBatchSize = databaseSequenceBatchSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the Geometry SRID.
+   */
+  public int getGeometrySRID() {
+    return geometrySRID;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the Geometry SRID.
+   */
+  public void setGeometrySRID(int geometrySRID) {
+    this.geometrySRID = geometrySRID;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the DB type used to store UUID.
+   */
+  public DbUuid getDbUuid() {
+    return dbUuid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the DB type used to store UUID.
+   */
+  public void setDbUuid(DbUuid dbUuid) {
+    this.dbUuid = dbUuid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the IdType to use (or null for the default choice).
+   */
+  public IdType getIdType() {
+    return idType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the IdType to use (when the DB supports both SEQUENCE and IDENTITY and the default is not desired).
+   */
+  public void setIdType(IdType idType) {
+    this.idType = idType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a custom type mapping.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   // set the default mapping for BigDecimal.class/decimal
+   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.DECIMAL, "decimal(18,6)");
+   *
+   *   // set the default mapping for String.class/varchar but only for Postgres
+   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.VARCHAR, "text", Platform.POSTGRES);
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param type             The DB type this mapping should apply to
+   * @param columnDefinition The column definition that should be used
+   * @param platform         Optionally specify the platform this mapping should apply to.
+   */
+  public void addCustomMapping(DbType type, String columnDefinition, Platform platform) {
+    customDbTypeMappings.add(new CustomDbTypeMapping(type, columnDefinition, platform));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a custom type mapping that applies to all platforms.
+   * <p>
+   * <pre>{@code
+   *
+   *   // set the default mapping for BigDecimal/decimal
+   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.DECIMAL, "decimal(18,6)");
+   *
+   *   // set the default mapping for String/varchar
+   *   serverConfig.addCustomMapping(DbType.VARCHAR, "text");
+   *
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param type             The DB type this mapping should apply to
+   * @param columnDefinition The column definition that should be used
+   */
+  public void addCustomMapping(DbType type, String columnDefinition) {
+    customDbTypeMappings.add(new CustomDbTypeMapping(type, columnDefinition));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the list of custom type mappings.
+   */
+  public List<CustomDbTypeMapping> getCustomTypeMappings() {
+    return customDbTypeMappings;
+  }
+
+  public void loadSettings(PropertiesWrapper p) {
+
+    idType = p.getEnum(IdType.class, "idType", idType);
+    databaseSequenceBatchSize = p.getInt("databaseSequenceBatchSize", databaseSequenceBatchSize);
+    databaseBooleanTrue = p.get("databaseBooleanTrue", databaseBooleanTrue);
+    databaseBooleanFalse = p.get("databaseBooleanFalse", databaseBooleanFalse);
+
+    DbUuid dbUuid = p.getEnum(DbUuid.class, "dbuuid", null);
+    if (dbUuid != null) {
+      setDbUuid(dbUuid);
+    }
+    if (p.getBoolean("uuidStoreAsBinary", false)) {
+      setDbUuid(DbUuid.BINARY);
+    }
+
+    int srid = p.getInt("geometrySRID", 0);
+    if (srid > 0) {
+      setGeometrySRID(srid);
+    }
+
+    // Mapping is specified in the form: BOOLEAN=int(1);BIT=int(1);
+    String mapping = p.get("mapping");
+    if (mapping != null && !mapping.isEmpty()) {
+      Map<String, String> map = StringHelper.delimitedToMap(mapping, ";", "=");
+      for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+        addCustomMapping(DbType.valueOf(entry.getKey()), entry.getValue());
+      }
+    }
+
+    boolean quotedIdentifiers = p.getBoolean("allQuotedIdentifiers", allQuotedIdentifiers);
+    if (quotedIdentifiers != allQuotedIdentifiers) {
+      // potentially also set to use matching naming convention
+      setAllQuotedIdentifiers(quotedIdentifiers);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Specify how UUID is stored.
+   */
+  public enum DbUuid {
+
+
+    /**
+     * Store using native UUID in H2 and Postgres and otherwise fallback to VARCHAR(40).
+     */
+    AUTO_VARCHAR(true, false, false),
+
+    /**
+     * Store using native UUID in H2 and Postgres and otherwise fallback to BINARY(16).
+     */
+    AUTO_BINARY(true, true, false),
+
+    /**
+     * Store using native UUID in H2 and Postgres and otherwise fallback to BINARY(16) with optimized packing.
+     */
+    AUTO_BINARY_OPTIMIZED(true, true, true),
+
+    /**
+     * Store using DB VARCHAR(40).
+     */
+    VARCHAR(false, false, false),
+
+    /**
+     * Store using DB BINARY(16).
+     */
+    BINARY(false, true, false),
+
+    /**
+     * Store using DB BINARY(16).
+     */
+    BINARY_OPTIMIZED(false, true, true);
+
+    boolean nativeType;
+    boolean binary;
+    boolean binaryOptimized;
+
+    DbUuid(boolean nativeType, boolean binary, boolean binaryOptimized) {
+      this.nativeType = nativeType;
+      this.binary = binary;
+      this.binaryOptimized = binaryOptimized;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if native UUID type is preferred.
+     */
+    public boolean useNativeType() {
+      return nativeType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if BINARY(16) storage is preferred over VARCHAR(40).
+     */
+    public boolean useBinary() {
+      return binary;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true, if optimized packing should be used.
+     */
+    public boolean useBinaryOptimized() {
+      return binaryOptimized;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ProfilingConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for transaction profiling.
+ */
+public class ProfilingConfig {
+
+  /**
+   * When true transaction profiling is enabled.
+   */
+  private boolean enabled;
+
+  /**
+   * Set true for verbose mode.
+   */
+  private boolean verbose;
+
+  /**
+   * The minimum transaction execution time to be included in profiling.
+   */
+  private long minimumMicros;
+
+  /**
+   * A specific set of profileIds to include in profiling.
+   */
+  private int[] includeProfileIds = {};
+
+  /**
+   * The number of profiles to write per file.
+   */
+  private long profilesPerFile = 1000;
+
+  private String directory = "profiling";
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if transaction profiling is enabled.
+   */
+  public boolean isEnabled() {
+    return enabled;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to enable transaction profiling.
+   */
+  public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+    this.enabled = enabled;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if verbose mode is used.
+   */
+  public boolean isVerbose() {
+    return verbose;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to use verbose mode.
+   */
+  public void setVerbose(boolean verbose) {
+    this.verbose = verbose;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the minimum transaction execution to be included in profiling.
+   */
+  public long getMinimumMicros() {
+    return minimumMicros;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the minimum transaction execution to be included in profiling.
+   */
+  public void setMinimumMicros(long minimumMicros) {
+    this.minimumMicros = minimumMicros;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the specific set of profileIds to include in profiling.
+   * When not set all transactions with profileIds are included.
+   */
+  public int[] getIncludeProfileIds() {
+    return includeProfileIds;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a specific set of profileIds to include in profiling.
+   * When not set all transactions with profileIds are included.
+   */
+  public void setIncludeProfileIds(int[] includeProfileIds) {
+    this.includeProfileIds = includeProfileIds;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the number of profiles to write to a single file.
+   */
+  public long getProfilesPerFile() {
+    return profilesPerFile;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the number of profiles to write to a single file.
+   */
+  public void setProfilesPerFile(long profilesPerFile) {
+    this.profilesPerFile = profilesPerFile;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the directory profiling files are put into.
+   */
+  public String getDirectory() {
+    return directory;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the directory profiling files are put into.
+   */
+  public void setDirectory(String directory) {
+    this.directory = directory;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load setting from properties.
+   */
+  public void loadSettings(PropertiesWrapper p, String name) {
+
+    enabled = p.getBoolean("profiling", enabled);
+    verbose = p.getBoolean("profiling.verbose", verbose);
+
+    directory = p.get("profiling.directory", directory);
+    profilesPerFile = p.getLong("profiling.profilesPerFile", profilesPerFile);
+    minimumMicros = p.getLong("profiling.minimumMicros", minimumMicros);
+
+    String includeIds = p.get("profiling.includeProfileIds");
+    if (includeIds != null) {
+      includeProfileIds = parseIds(includeIds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private int[] parseIds(String includeIds) {
+
+    String[] ids = includeIds.split(",");
+    int[] vals = new int[ids.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
+      vals[i] = Integer.parseInt(ids[i]);
+    }
+    return vals;
+  }
+}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PropertiesWrapper.java

@@ -10,44 +10,23 @@ public class PropertiesWrapper {
 
   protected final String serverName;
 
-  protected final PropertyMap propertyMap;
+  private final ClassLoadConfig classLoadConfig;
 
   /**
    * Construct with a prefix, serverName and properties.
    */
-  public PropertiesWrapper(String prefix, String serverName, Properties properties) {
+  public PropertiesWrapper(String prefix, String serverName, Properties properties, ClassLoadConfig classLoadConfig) {
     this.serverName = serverName;
     this.prefix = prefix;
-    this.propertyMap = PropertyMapLoader.load(null, properties);
-    this.properties = propertyMap.asProperties();
+    this.properties = properties;
+    this.classLoadConfig = classLoadConfig;
   }
 
   /**
    * Construct without prefix of serverName.
    */
-  public PropertiesWrapper(Properties properties) {
-    this(null, null, properties);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Internal copy constructor when changing prefix.
-   */
-  protected PropertiesWrapper(String prefix, String serverName, PropertyMap propertyMap, Properties properties) {
-    this.serverName = serverName;
-    this.prefix = prefix;
-    this.propertyMap = propertyMap;
-    this.properties = properties;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return a PropertiesWrapper instance with a different prefix but same underlying properties.
-   * <p/>
-   * Used when wanting to use "datasource" as the prefix rather than "ebean".
-   * <p/>
-   * The returning instance should only be used in a read only fashion.
-   */
-  public PropertiesWrapper withPrefix(String prefix) {
-    return new PropertiesWrapper(prefix, serverName, propertyMap, properties);
+  public PropertiesWrapper(Properties properties, ClassLoadConfig classLoadConfig) {
+    this(null, null, properties, classLoadConfig);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -57,16 +36,6 @@ public class PropertiesWrapper {
     return serverName;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Return as Properties with lower case keys and after evaluation and additional properties loading has occurred.
-   * <p>
-   * Ebean has historically ignored the case of keys hence returning the Properties with all the keys lower cased.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  public Properties asPropertiesLowerCase() {
-    return properties;
-  }
-
   /**
    * Get a property with no default value.
    */
@@ -90,17 +59,21 @@ public class PropertiesWrapper {
 
     String value = null;
     if (serverName != null && prefix != null) {
-      value = propertyMap.get(prefix + "." + serverName + "." + key, null);
+      value = internalGet(prefix + "." + serverName + "." + key);
     }
     if (value == null && prefix != null) {
-      value = propertyMap.get(prefix + "." + key, null);
+      value = internalGet(prefix + "." + key);
     }
     if (value == null) {
-      value = propertyMap.get(key, null);
+      value = internalGet(key);
     }
     return value == null ? defaultValue : value;
   }
 
+  private String internalGet(String key) {
+    return properties.getProperty(key);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return a double property value.
    */
@@ -145,4 +118,30 @@ public class PropertiesWrapper {
     return (level == null) ? defaultValue : Enum.valueOf(enumType, level.toUpperCase());
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the instance to use (can be null) for the given plugin.
+   *
+   * @param pluginType the type of plugin
+   * @param key        properties key
+   * @param instance   existing instance
+   */
+  public <T> T createInstance(Class<T> pluginType, String key, T instance) {
+
+    if (instance != null) {
+      return instance;
+    }
+    String classname = get(key, null);
+    return createInstance(pluginType, classname);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the instance to use (can be null) for the given plugin.
+   *
+   * @param pluginType the type of plugin
+   * @param classname  the implementation class as per properties
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <T> T createInstance(Class<T> pluginType, String classname) {
+    return classname == null ? null : (T) classLoadConfig.newInstance(classname);
+  }
 }

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PropertyExpression.java

@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.config;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import javax.naming.InitialContext;
-import javax.naming.NamingException;
-
-/**
- * Helper used to evaluate expressions such as ${CATALINA_HOME}.
- * <p>
- * The expressions can contain environment variables, system properties or JNDI
- * properties. JNDI expressions take the form ${jndi:propertyName} where you
- * substitute propertyName with the name of the jndi property you wish to
- * evaluate.
- * </p>
- */
-final class PropertyExpression {
-
-  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PropertyExpression.class);
-
-  /**
-   * Prefix for looking up JNDI Environment variable.
-   */
-  private static final String JAVA_COMP_ENV = "java:comp/env/";
-
-  /**
-   * Used to detect the start of an expression.
-   */
-  private static final String START = "${";
-
-  /**
-   * Used to detect the end of an expression.
-   */
-  private static final String END = "}";
-
-  /**
-   * Specify the PropertyHolder.
-   */
-  private PropertyExpression() {
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the property value evaluating and replacing any expressions such as
-   * ${CATALINA_HOME}.
-   */
-  static String eval(String val, PropertyMap map) {
-    if (val == null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    int sp = val.indexOf(START);
-    if (sp > -1) {
-      int ep = val.indexOf(END, sp + 1);
-      if (ep > -1) {
-        return eval(val, sp, ep, map);
-      }
-    }
-    return val;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Convert the expression using JNDI, Environment variables, System Properties
-   * or existing an property in SystemProperties itself.
-   */
-  private static String evaluateExpression(String exp, PropertyMap map) {
-
-    if (isJndiExpression(exp)) {
-      // JNDI property lookup...
-      String val = getJndiProperty(exp);
-      if (val != null) {
-        return val;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // check Environment Variables first
-    String val = System.getenv(exp);
-    if (val == null) {
-      // then check system properties
-      val = System.getProperty(exp);
-    }
-    if (val == null && map != null) {
-      // then check PropertyMap
-      val = map.get(exp);
-    }
-
-    if (val != null) {
-      return val;
-
-    } else {
-      // unable to evaluate yet... but maybe later based on the order
-      // in which properties are being set/loaded. You can use
-      // GlobalProperties.evaluateExpressions() to get any unresolved
-      // expressions to be evaluated
-      logger.debug("Unable to evaluate expression [" + exp + "]");
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static String eval(String val, int sp, int ep, PropertyMap map) {
-
-    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-    sb.append(val.substring(0, sp));
-
-    String cal = evalExpression(val, sp, ep, map);
-    sb.append(cal);
-
-    eval(val, ep + 1, sb, map);
-
-    return sb.toString();
-  }
-
-  private static void eval(String val, int startPos, StringBuilder sb, PropertyMap map) {
-    if (startPos < val.length()) {
-      int sp = val.indexOf(START, startPos);
-      if (sp > -1) {
-        // append what is between the last token and the new one (if startPos ==
-        // sp nothing gets added)
-        sb.append(val.substring(startPos, sp));
-        int ep = val.indexOf(END, sp + 1);
-        if (ep > -1) {
-          String cal = evalExpression(val, sp, ep, map);
-          sb.append(cal);
-          eval(val, ep + 1, sb, map);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // append what is left...
-    sb.append(val.substring(startPos));
-  }
-
-  private static String evalExpression(String val, int sp, int ep, PropertyMap map) {
-    // trim off start and end ${ and }
-    String exp = val.substring(sp + START.length(), ep);
-
-    // evaluate the variable
-    String evaled = evaluateExpression(exp, map);
-    if (evaled != null) {
-      return evaled;
-    } else {
-      // unable to evaluate at this stage (maybe later)
-      return START + exp + END;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static boolean isJndiExpression(String exp) {
-    return exp.startsWith("JNDI:") || exp.startsWith("jndi:");
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns null if JNDI is not setup or if the property is not found.
-   *
-   * @param key the key of the JNDI Environment property including a JNDI: prefix.
-   */
-  private static String getJndiProperty(String key) {
-
-    try {
-      // remove the JNDI: prefix
-      key = key.substring(5);
-
-      return (String) getJndiObject(key);
-
-    } catch (NamingException ex) {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Similar to getProperty but throws NamingException if JNDI is not setup or
-   * if the property is not found.
-   */
-  private static Object getJndiObject(String key) throws NamingException {
-
-    InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext();
-    return ctx.lookup(JAVA_COMP_ENV + key);
-  }
-
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PropertyMap.java

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.config;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Map.Entry;
-import java.util.Properties;
-import java.util.Set;
-
-/**
- * A map like structure of properties.
- * <p/>
- * Handles evaluation of expressions like ${home} and provides convenience methods for int, long and boolean.
- */
-public final class PropertyMap implements Serializable {
-
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-  private final LinkedHashMap<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-
-  /**
-   * Return properties loaded from test-ebean.properties.
-   */
-  public static Properties testProperties() {
-    PropertyMap propertyMap = PropertyMapLoader.loadTestProperties();
-    return (propertyMap == null) ? new Properties() : propertyMap.asProperties();
-  }
-
-  public static Properties defaultProperties() {
-    PropertyMap propertyMap = PropertyMapLoader.loadGlobalProperties();
-    return (propertyMap == null) ? new Properties() : propertyMap.asProperties();
-  }
-
-  public static boolean loadTestProperties() {
-    String disable = System.getProperty("disableTestProperties");
-    return (disable == null || !disable.equalsIgnoreCase("true"));
-  }
-
-  public String toString() {
-    return map.toString();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return as standard Properties.
-   */
-  public Properties asProperties() {
-    Properties properties = new Properties();
-    for (Entry<String, String> e : entrySet()) {
-      properties.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
-    }
-    return properties;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Go through all the properties and evaluate any expressions that have not
-   * been resolved.
-   */
-  public void evaluateProperties() {
-
-    for (Entry<String, String> e : entrySet()) {
-      String key = e.getKey();
-      String val = e.getValue();
-      String eval = eval(val);
-      if (eval != null && !eval.equals(val)) {
-        put(key, eval);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Returns the value with expressions like ${home} evaluated using system properties and environment variables.
-   */
-  public synchronized String eval(String val) {
-    return PropertyExpression.eval(val, this);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the boolean property value with a given default.
-   */
-  public synchronized boolean getBoolean(String key, boolean defaultValue) {
-    String value = get(key);
-    if (value == null) {
-      return defaultValue;
-    } else {
-      return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the int property value with a given default.
-   */
-  public synchronized int getInt(String key, int defaultValue) {
-    String value = get(key);
-    if (value == null) {
-      return defaultValue;
-    } else {
-      return Integer.parseInt(value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the long property value with a given default.
-   */
-  public synchronized long getLong(String key, long defaultValue) {
-    String value = get(key);
-    if (value == null) {
-      return defaultValue;
-    } else {
-      return Long.parseLong(value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the string property value with a given default.
-   */
-  public synchronized String get(String key, String defaultValue) {
-    String value = map.get(key.toLowerCase());
-    return value == null ? defaultValue : value;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the property value returning null if there is no value defined.
-   */
-  public synchronized String get(String key) {
-    return map.get(key.toLowerCase());
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Put all evaluating any expressions in the values.
-   */
-  public synchronized void putEvalAll(Map<String, String> keyValueMap) {
-
-    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : keyValueMap.entrySet()) {
-      putEval(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Put a single key value evaluating any expressions in the value.
-   */
-  public synchronized String putEval(String key, String value) {
-    value = PropertyExpression.eval(value, this);
-    return map.put(key.toLowerCase(), value);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Put a single key value with no expression evaluation.
-   */
-  public synchronized String put(String key, String value) {
-    return map.put(key.toLowerCase(), value);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Remove an entry.
-   */
-  public synchronized String remove(String key) {
-    return map.remove(key.toLowerCase());
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Return the entries.
-   */
-  public synchronized Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet() {
-    return map.entrySet();
-  }
-
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/PropertyMapLoader.java

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.config;
-
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
-import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Properties;
-
-/**
- * Helper used to load the ebean.properties into a PropertyMap.
- */
-final class PropertyMapLoader {
-
-  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PropertyMapLoader.class);
-
-  /**
-   * Load the <code>test-ebean.properties</code>.
-   */
-  public static PropertyMap loadTestProperties() {
-    if (!PropertyMap.loadTestProperties()) {
-      return new PropertyMap();
-    }
-    return load(null, "test-ebean.properties");
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Load the ebean.properties (and test-ebean.properties if present).
-   */
-  public static PropertyMap loadGlobalProperties() {
-
-    boolean loadTestProperties = false;
-    String fileName = System.getenv("EBEAN_PROPS_FILE");
-    if (fileName == null) {
-      fileName = System.getProperty("ebean.props.file");
-      if (fileName == null) {
-        loadTestProperties = PropertyMap.loadTestProperties();
-        fileName = "ebean.properties";
-      }
-    }
-
-    PropertyMap map = load(null, fileName);
-    if (loadTestProperties) {
-      // load test properties if present in classpath
-      map = load(map, "test-ebean.properties");
-    }
-    return map;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Load the file returning the property map.
-   *
-   * @param p        an existing property map to load into.
-   * @param fileName the name of the properties file to load.
-   */
-  public static PropertyMap load(PropertyMap p, String fileName) {
-
-    InputStream is = findInputStream(fileName);
-    if (is == null) {
-      return p;
-    } else {
-      return load(p, is);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Load the InputStream returning the property map.
-   *
-   * @param p  an existing property map to load into.
-   * @param in the InputStream of the properties file to load.
-   */
-  public static PropertyMap load(PropertyMap p, InputStream in) {
-
-    Properties props = new Properties();
-    try {
-      props.load(in);
-      in.close();
-      return load(p, props);
-
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      throw new RuntimeException(e);
-    }
-  }
-
-  public static PropertyMap load(PropertyMap p, Properties props) {
-
-    if (p == null) {
-      p = new PropertyMap();
-    }
-
-    // put values in initially without any evaluation
-    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : props.entrySet()) {
-      String key = ((String) entry.getKey()).toLowerCase();
-      String val = ((String) entry.getValue());
-      if (val != null) {
-        val = val.trim();
-      }
-      p.put(key, val);
-    }
-
-    p.evaluateProperties();
-
-    String otherProps = p.remove("load.properties");
-    if (otherProps == null) {
-      otherProps = p.remove("load.properties.override");
-    }
-    if (otherProps != null) {
-      otherProps = otherProps.replace("\\", "/");
-      InputStream is = findInputStream(otherProps);
-      if (is != null) {
-        logger.debug("loading properties from " + otherProps);
-        load(p, is);
-      } else {
-        logger.error("load.properties " + otherProps + " not found.");
-      }
-    }
-
-    return p;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Find the input stream given the file name.
-   */
-  private static InputStream findInputStream(String fileName) {
-
-    if (fileName == null) {
-      throw new NullPointerException("fileName is null?");
-    }
-
-    try {
-      File f = new File(fileName);
-
-      if (f.exists()) {
-        logger.debug(fileName + " found in file system");
-        return new FileInputStream(f);
-      } else {
-        InputStream in = findInClassPath(fileName);
-        if (in != null) {
-          logger.debug(fileName + " found in classpath");
-        }
-        return in;
-      }
-
-    } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
-      // already made the check so this
-      // should never be thrown
-      throw new RuntimeException(ex);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static InputStream findInClassPath(String fileName) {
-    return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fileName);
-  }
-
-}

src/main/java/io/ebean/config/ScalarTypeConverter.java

@@ -1,37 +1,27 @@
 package io.ebean.config;
 
 /**
+ * Matches the functionality of javax.persistence.AttributeConverter
+ * <p>
+ * In general AttributeConverter should be used in preference to this
+ * ScalarTypeConverter as it is JPA standard and offers the same functionality.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * For Ebean we will look to deprecate this interface in preference to AttributeConverter.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
  * Used to convert between a value object and a known scalar type. The value
  * object is the logical type used in your application and the scalar type is
  * the value used to persist than to the DB.
+ * </p>
  * <p>
  * The Value object should be immutable and scalar (aka not compound) and
  * converts to and from a known scalar type which Ebean will use to persist the
  * value.
  * </p>
- * <p>
- * This is an easier alternative to implementing the
- * io.ebean.server.type.ScalarType interface.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * Note that Ebean will automatically try to detect Immutable Scalar Value
- * Objects and automatically support them via reflection. This however would not
- * be appropriate when the logical type is different from the type you wish to
- * use for persistence - for example, if the logical type was long and you
- * wanted to use java.sql.Timestamp for persistence. In this case you would want
- * to implement this interface rather than let Ebean automatically support that
- * type via reflection.
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * If you want to support a Compound Type rather than a Scalar Type refer to
- * {@link CompoundType}.
- * </p>
  *
  * @param <B> The value object type.
  * @param <S> The scalar object type that is used to persist the value object.
- * @author rbygrave
- * @see CompoundType
- * @see CompoundTypeProperty
  */
 public interface ScalarTypeConverter<B, S> {