[maven-release-plugin] prepare release avaje-ebeanorm-4.1.7

Index annotation for generating single-column indexes in DDL

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 target/
 logs/
 log/
+/db
 /mydb.db
 
 

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
+[![Stories in Ready](https://badge.waffle.io/ebean-orm/avaje-ebeanorm.png?label=ready&title=Ready)](https://waffle.io/ebean-orm/avaje-ebeanorm)
 avaje-ebeanorm
 ==============
 
-Main EbeanORM artifact
-
 Maven Dependency
 ----------------
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje.ebeanorm</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-ebeanorm</artifactId>
-      <version>3.3.2</version>
+      <version>4.1.4</version>
     </dependency>
     
-    

pom.xml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
   <groupId>org.avaje.ebeanorm</groupId>
   <artifactId>avaje-ebeanorm</artifactId>
-  <version>4.0.1-RC1</version>
+  <version>4.1.7</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
   <name>avaje-ebeanorm</name>
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@
       <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
       <version>1.0</version>
     </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+      <version>1.7.7</version>
+    </dependency>
     
     <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
@@ -77,13 +83,6 @@
       <scope>provided</scope>
     </dependency>
 
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
-      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
-      <version>1.7.2</version>
-      <scope>provided</scope>
-    </dependency>
-
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-agentloader</artifactId>
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.avaje.ebeanorm</groupId>
       <artifactId>avaje-ebeanorm-agent</artifactId>
-      <version>4.1.0</version>
+      <version>4.1.6</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
         
@@ -174,23 +173,21 @@
   <!-- Enhance the meta beans -->
   <build>
     <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.1</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <source>1.6</source>
+          <target>1.6</target>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.avaje.ebeanorm</groupId>
         <artifactId>avaje-ebeanorm-mavenenhancer</artifactId>
-        <version>4.1.0</version>
+        <version>4.1.6</version>
         <executions>
-           <execution>
-            <id>main</id>
-            <phase>process-classes</phase>
-            <configuration>
-              <classSource>target/classes</classSource>
-              <packages>com.avaje.ebean.meta.**</packages>
-              <transformArgs>debug=1</transformArgs>
-            </configuration>
-            <goals>
-              <goal>enhance</goal>
-            </goals>
-          </execution>
+          <!--   Not going to enhance Model bean -->
           <execution>
             <id>test</id>
             <phase>process-test-classes</phase>
@@ -221,8 +218,29 @@
         </configuration>
       </plugin>
 
+<!--
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>2.9.1</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <doctitle>Ebean 4</doctitle>
+          <overview>src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/overview.html</overview>
+          <excludePackageNames>com.avaje.ebeaninternal.*:com.avaje.ebean.util</excludePackageNames>
+        </configuration>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>attach-javadocs</id>
+            <phase>site</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>aggregate</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+-->    
     </plugins>
 
   </build>
-
+ 
 </project>

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/Ebean.java

@@ -214,14 +214,13 @@ public final class Ebean {
      * Register a server so we can get it by its name.
      */
     private void register(EbeanServer server, boolean isPrimaryServer) {
+      registerWithName(server.getName(), server, isPrimaryServer);
+    }
+    
+    private void registerWithName(String name, EbeanServer server, boolean isPrimaryServer) {
       synchronized (monitor) {
-        concMap.put(server.getName(), server);
-        EbeanServer existingServer = syncMap.put(server.getName(), server);
-        if (existingServer != null) {
-          String msg = "Existing EbeanServer [" + server.getName() + "] is being replaced?";
-          logger.warn(msg);
-        }
-
+        concMap.put(name, server);
+        syncMap.put(name, server);
         if (isPrimaryServer) {
           primaryServer = server;
         }
@@ -286,6 +285,15 @@ public final class Ebean {
     serverMgr.register(server, isPrimaryServer);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Backdoor for registering a mock implementation of EbeanServer as the default  server.
+   */
+  protected static EbeanServer mock(String name, EbeanServer server, boolean isPrimaryServer) {
+    EbeanServer originalPrimaryServer = serverMgr.primaryServer;
+    serverMgr.registerWithName(name, server, isPrimaryServer);
+    return originalPrimaryServer;
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Return the next identity value for a given bean type.
    * <p>
@@ -467,7 +475,31 @@ public final class Ebean {
   public static void insert(Collection<?> beans) {
     serverMgr.getPrimaryServer().insert(beans);
   }
-  
+
+  /**
+   * Marks the entity bean as dirty.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used so that when a bean that is otherwise unmodified is updated with the version
+   * property updated.
+   * <p>
+   * An unmodified bean that is saved or updated is normally skipped and this marks the bean as
+   * dirty so that it is not skipped.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * 
+   * Customer customer = Ebean.find(Customer, id);
+   * 
+   * // mark the bean as dirty so that a save() or update() will
+   * // increment the version property
+   * Ebean.markAsDirty(customer);
+   * Ebean.save(customer);
+   * 
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  public static void markAsDirty(Object bean) throws OptimisticLockException {
+    serverMgr.getPrimaryServer().markAsDirty(bean);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Saves the bean using an update. If you know you are updating a bean then it is preferrable to
    * use this update() method rather than save().

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/EbeanServer.java

@@ -547,10 +547,32 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
 
   /**
    * Find using a PagingList with explicit transaction and pageSize.
-   * @deprecated
+   * Deprecated in favour of findPagedList().
+   * @deprecated 
    */  
   public <T> PagingList<T> findPagingList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction, int pageSize);
 
+  /**
+   * Return a PagedList for this query.
+   * <p>
+   * The benefit of using this over just using the normal {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and
+   * {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} is that it additionally wraps an optional call to
+   * {@link Query#findFutureRowCount()} to determine total row count, total page count etc.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * Internally this works using {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} on
+   * the query. This translates into SQL that uses limit offset, rownum or row_number
+   * function to limit the result set.
+   * </p>
+   * 
+   * @param pageIndex
+   *          The zero based index of the page.
+   * @param pageSize
+   *          The number of beans to return per page.
+   * @return The PagedList
+   */
+  public <T> PagedList<T> findPagedList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction, int pageIndex, int pageSize);
+
   /**
    * Execute the query returning a set of entity beans.
    * <p>
@@ -815,6 +837,28 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   public int save(Collection<?> beans, Transaction transaction) throws OptimisticLockException;
 
+  /**
+   * Marks the entity bean as dirty.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used so that when a bean that is otherwise unmodified is updated the version
+   * property is updated.
+   * <p>
+   * An unmodified bean that is saved or updated is normally skipped and this marks the bean as
+   * dirty so that it is not skipped.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * 
+   * Customer customer = ebeanServer.find(Customer, id);
+   * 
+   * // mark the bean as dirty so that a save() or update() will
+   * // increment the version property
+   * ebeanServer.markAsDirty(customer);
+   * ebeanServer.save(customer);
+   * 
+   * </pre>   
+   */
+  public void markAsDirty(Object bean);
+  
   /**
    * Saves the bean using an update. If you know you are updating a bean then it is preferrable to
    * use this update() method rather than save().
@@ -1079,4 +1123,5 @@ public interface EbeanServer {
    */
   public JsonContext createJsonContext();
 
+
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/EbeanServerFactory.java

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.common.BootupEbeanManager;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.GlobalProperties;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
 import com.avaje.ebean.util.ClassUtil;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * Creates EbeanServer instances.
@@ -26,14 +24,9 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  * methods on the Ebean singleton such as {@link Ebean#find(Class)} are just a
  * convenient way of using the 'default/primary' EbeanServer.
  * </p>
- * 
- * @author Rob Bygrave
- * 
  */
 public class EbeanServerFactory {
 
-  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EbeanServerFactory.class);
-
   private static BootupEbeanManager serverFactory = createServerFactory();
 
   /**
@@ -69,27 +62,10 @@ public class EbeanServerFactory {
 
   private static BootupEbeanManager createServerFactory() {
 
-    // String d___ =
-    // com.avaje.ebean.server.core.DefaultServerFactory.class.getName();
     String dflt = "com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultServerFactory";
-    String implClassName = GlobalProperties.get("ebean.serverfactory", dflt);
+    String implClassName = System.getProperty("ebean.serverfactory", dflt);
 
-    int delaySecs = GlobalProperties.getInt("ebean.start.delay", 0);
-    if (delaySecs > 0) {
-      try {
-        // perhaps useful to delay the startup to give time to
-        // attach a debugger when running in a server like tomcat.
-        String m = "Ebean sleeping " + delaySecs + " seconds due to ebean.start.delay";
-        logger.info(m);
-        Thread.sleep(delaySecs * 1000);
-
-      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-        String m = "Interrupting debug.start.delay of " + delaySecs;
-        logger.error(m, e);
-      }
-    }
     try {
-      // use a client side implementation?
       return (BootupEbeanManager) ClassUtil.newInstance(implClassName);
     } catch (Exception ex) {
       throw new RuntimeException(ex);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/ExpressionList.java

@@ -200,10 +200,34 @@ public interface ExpressionList<T> extends Serializable {
    * 
    * @param pageSize
    *          the number of beans fetched per Page
-   * 
+   * @deprecated
    */
   public PagingList<T> findPagingList(int pageSize);
 
+  /**
+   * Return a PagedList for this query.
+   * <p>
+   * The benefit of using this over just using the normal {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and
+   * {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} is that it additionally wraps an optional call to
+   * {@link Query#findFutureRowCount()} to determine total row count, total page count etc.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * Internally this works using {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} on
+   * the query. This translates into SQL that uses limit offset, rownum or row_number
+   * function to limit the result set.
+   * </p>
+   * 
+   * @param pageIndex
+   *          The zero based index of the page.
+   * @param pageSize
+   *          The number of beans to return per page.
+   * @return The PagedList
+   */
+  public PagedList<T> findPagedList(int pageIndex, int pageSize);
+
+  /**
+   * Add some filter predicate expressions to the many property.
+   */
   public ExpressionList<T> filterMany(String prop);
 
   /**

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/Model.java

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass;
+
+/**
+ * A MappedSuperclass base class that provides convenience methods for inserting, updating and
+ * deleting beans.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * By having your entity beans extend this it provides a 'Active Record' style programming model for
+ * Ebean users.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * Note that there is a avaje-ebeanorm-mocker project that enables you to use Mockito or similar
+ * tools to still mock out the underlying 'default EbeanServer' for testing purposes.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * You may choose not use this Model mapped superclass if you don't like the 'Active Record' style
+ * or if you believe it 'pollutes' your entity beans.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * If you choose to use the Model mapped superclass you will probably also chose to additionally add
+ * a {@link Finder} as a public static field to complete the active record pattern and provide a
+ * relatively nice clean way to write queries.
+ */
+@MappedSuperclass
+public abstract class Model {
+
+  /**
+   * Return the underlying 'default' EbeanServer.
+   * 
+   * <p>
+   * This provides full access to the API such as explicit transaction demarcation etc.
+   * 
+   * <p>
+   * Example:
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * Transaction transaction = Customer.db().beginTransaction();
+   * try {
+   * 
+   *   // turn off cascade persist for this transaction
+   *   transaction.setPersistCascade(false);
+   * 
+   *   // extra control over jdbc batching for this transaction
+   *   transaction.setBatchGetGeneratedKeys(false);
+   *   transaction.setBatchMode(true);
+   *   transaction.setBatchSize(20);
+   * 
+   *   Customer customer = new Customer();
+   *   customer.setName(&quot;Roberto&quot;);
+   *   customer.save();
+   * 
+   *   Customer otherCustomer = new Customer();
+   *   otherCustomer.setName(&quot;Franko&quot;);
+   *   otherCustomer.save();
+   * 
+   *   transaction.commit();
+   * 
+   * } finally {
+   *   transaction.end();
+   * }
+   * 
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  public static EbeanServer db() {
+    return Ebean.getServer(null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a named EbeanServer that is typically different to the default server.
+   * 
+   * <p>
+   * If you are using multiple databases then each database has a name and maps to a single
+   * EbeanServer. You can use this method to get an EbeanServer for another database.
+   * 
+   * @param server
+   *          The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is returned.
+   */
+  public static EbeanServer db(String server) {
+    return Ebean.getServer(server);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks the entity bean as dirty.
+   * <p>
+   * This is used so that when a bean that is otherwise unmodified is updated the version
+   * property is updated.
+   * <p>
+   * An unmodified bean that is saved or updated is normally skipped and this marks the bean as
+   * dirty so that it is not skipped.
+   * 
+   * <pre class="code">
+   * 
+   * Customer customer = Customer.find.byId(id);
+   * 
+   * // mark the bean as dirty so that a save() or update() will
+   * // increment the version property
+   * customer.markAsDirty();
+   * customer.save();
+   * 
+   * </pre>   
+   */
+  public void markAsDirty() {
+    db().markAsDirty(this);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Insert or update this entity depending on its state.
+   * 
+   * <p>
+   * Ebean will detect if this is a new bean or a previously fetched bean and perform either an
+   * insert or an update based on that.
+   */
+  public void save() {
+    db().save(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update this entity.
+   */
+  public void update() {
+    db().update(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert this entity.
+   */
+  public void insert() {
+    db().insert(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete this entity.
+   */
+  public void delete() {
+    db().delete(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform an update using this entity against the specified server.
+   */
+  public void update(String server) {
+    db(server).update(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform an insert using this entity against the specified server.
+   */
+  public void insert(String server) {
+    db(server).insert(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform a delete using this entity against the specified server.
+   */
+  public void delete(String server) {
+    db(server).delete(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Refreshes this entity from the database.
+   */
+  public void refresh() {
+    db().refresh(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper object for performing queries.
+   * 
+   * <p>
+   * Typically a Finder is defined as a public static field on an entity bean class to provide a
+   * nice way to write queries.
+   * 
+   * @param I
+   *          The Id type. This is most often a {@link Long} but is also often a {@link UUID} or
+   *          {@link String}.
+   * 
+   * @param T
+   *          The bean type
+   */
+  public static class Finder<I, T> {
+
+    private final Class<I> idType;
+    private final Class<T> type;
+    private final String serverName;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a finder for entity of type <code>T</code> with ID of type <code>I</code>.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Typically you use this constructor to have a static "find" field on each entity bean.
+     */
+    public Finder(Class<I> idType, Class<T> type) {
+      this(null, idType, type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a finder for entity of type <code>T</code> with ID of type <code>I</code>, using a
+     * specific EbeanServer.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Typically you don't need to use this method.
+     */
+    public Finder(String serverName, Class<I> idType, Class<T> type) {
+      this.type = type;
+      this.idType = idType;
+      this.serverName = serverName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the underlying 'default' EbeanServer.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * This provides full access to the API such as explicit transaction demarcation etc.
+     * 
+     */
+    public EbeanServer db() {
+      return Ebean.getServer(serverName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return typically a different EbeanServer to the default.
+     * <p>
+     * This is equivilent to {@link Ebean#getServer(String)}
+     * 
+     * @param server
+     *          The name of the EbeanServer. If this is null then the default EbeanServer is
+     *          returned.
+     */
+    public EbeanServer db(String server) {
+      return Ebean.getServer(server);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Finder for the named EbeanServer.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Create and return a new Finder for a different server.
+     */
+    public Finder<I, T> on(String server) {
+      return new Finder<I, T>(server, idType, type);
+    }
+
+    // Does not exist yet but I think should
+    // public void deleteById(I id) {
+    // return db().deleteById(type, id);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves all entities of the given type.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * This is the same as (synonym for) {@link #findList()}
+     */
+    public List<T> all() {
+      return findList();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves an entity by ID.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class, Object)}
+     */
+    public T byId(I id) {
+      return db().find(type, id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an entity reference for this ID.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link EbeanServer#getReference(Class, Object)}
+     */
+    public T ref(I id) {
+      return db().getReference(type, id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a filter for sorting and filtering lists of entities locally without going back to
+     * the database.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link EbeanServer#filter(Class)}
+     */
+    public Filter<T> filter() {
+      return db().filter(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a query.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link EbeanServer#find(Class)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> query() {
+      return db().find(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next identity value.
+     * 
+     * @see EbeanServer#nextId(Class)
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public I nextId() {
+      return (I) db().nextId(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a query and returns the results as a list of IDs.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findIds()}
+     */
+    public List<Object> findIds() {
+      return query().findIds();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves all entities of the given type.
+     * <p>
+     * The same as {@link #all()}
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findList()}
+     */
+    public List<T> findList() {
+      return query().findList();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the entities of the given type as a set.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findSet()}
+     */
+    public Set<T> findSet() {
+      return query().findSet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves all entities of the given type as a map of objects.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findMap()}
+     */
+    public Map<?, T> findMap() {
+      return query().findMap();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the query and returns the results as a map of the objects specifying the map key
+     * property.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findMap(String, Class)}
+     */
+    public <K> Map<K, T> findMap(String keyProperty, Class<K> keyType) {
+      return query().findMap(keyProperty, keyType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a PagedList of all entities of the given type (use where() to specify predicates as
+     * needed).
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findPagedList(int, int)}
+     */
+    public PagedList<T> findPagedList(int pageIndex, int pageSize) {
+      return query().findPagedList(pageIndex, pageSize);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a find row count query in a background thread.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findFutureRowCount()}
+     */
+    public FutureRowCount<T> findFutureRowCount() {
+      return query().findFutureRowCount();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the total number of entities for this type. *
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#findRowCount()}
+     */
+    public int findRowCount() {
+      return query().findRowCount();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the <code>ExpressionFactory</code> used by this query.
+     */
+    public ExpressionFactory getExpressionFactory() {
+      return query().getExpressionFactory();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly sets a comma delimited list of the properties to fetch on the 'main' entity bean,
+     * to load a partial object.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#select(String)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> select(String fetchProperties) {
+      return query().select(fetchProperties);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies a path to load including all its properties.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#fetch(String)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> fetch(String path) {
+      return query().fetch(path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Additionally specifies a <code>FetchConfig</code> to specify a 'query join' and/or define the
+     * lazy loading query.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#fetch(String, FetchConfig)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> fetch(String path, FetchConfig joinConfig) {
+      return query().fetch(path, joinConfig);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies a path to fetch with a specific list properties to include, to load a partial
+     * object.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#fetch(String, String)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> fetch(String path, String fetchProperties) {
+      return query().fetch(path, fetchProperties);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Additionally specifies a <code>FetchConfig</code> to use a separate query or lazy loading to
+     * load this path.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#fetch(String, String, FetchConfig)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> fetch(String assocProperty, String fetchProperties, FetchConfig fetchConfig) {
+      return query().fetch(assocProperty, fetchProperties, fetchConfig);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds expressions to the <code>where</code> clause with the ability to chain on the
+     * <code>ExpressionList</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#where()}
+     */
+    public ExpressionList<T> where() {
+      return query().where();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the <code>order by</code> clause so that you can append an ascending or descending
+     * property to the <code>order by</code> clause.
+     * <p>
+     * This is exactly the same as {@link #orderBy}.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#order()}
+     */
+    public OrderBy<T> order() {
+      return query().order();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the <code>order by</code> clause, replacing the existing <code>order by</code> clause if
+     * there is one.
+     * <p>
+     * This is exactly the same as {@link #orderBy(String)}.
+     */
+    public Query<T> order(String orderByClause) {
+      return query().order(orderByClause);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the <code>order by</code> clause so that you can append an ascending or descending
+     * property to the <code>order by</code> clause.
+     * <p>
+     * This is exactly the same as {@link #order}.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#orderBy()}
+     */
+    public OrderBy<T> orderBy() {
+      return query().orderBy();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the <code>order by</code> clause replacing the existing <code>order by</code> clause if
+     * there is one.
+     * <p>
+     * This is exactly the same as {@link #order(String)}.
+     */
+    public Query<T> orderBy(String orderByClause) {
+      return query().orderBy(orderByClause);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the first row to return for this query.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> setFirstRow(int firstRow) {
+      return query().setFirstRow(firstRow);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum number of rows to return in the query.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> setMaxRows(int maxRows) {
+      return query().setMaxRows(maxRows);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the ID value to query.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * Use this to perform a find byId query but with additional control over the query such as
+     * using select and fetch to control what parts of the object graph are returned.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#setId(Object)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> setId(Object id) {
+      return query().setId(id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create and return a new query using the OQL.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link EbeanServer#createQuery(Class, String)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> setQuery(String oql) {
+      return db().createQuery(type, oql);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create and return a new query based on the <code>RawSql</code>.
+     * <p>
+     * Equivilent to {@link Query#setRawSql(RawSql)}
+     */
+    public Query<T> setRawSql(RawSql rawSql) {
+      return query().setRawSql(rawSql);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query with explicit 'Autofetch' use.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setAutofetch(boolean autofetch) {
+      return query().setAutofetch(autofetch);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query with the select with "for update" specified.
+     * 
+     * <p>
+     * This will typically create row level database locks on the selected rows.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setForUpdate(boolean forUpdate) {
+      return query().setForUpdate(forUpdate);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query specifying whether the returned beans will be read-only.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
+      return query().setReadOnly(readOnly);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query specifying if the beans should be loaded into the L2 cache.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setLoadBeanCache(boolean loadBeanCache) {
+      return query().setLoadBeanCache(loadBeanCache);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query specifying if the L2 bean cache should be used.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setUseCache(boolean useBeanCache) {
+      return query().setUseCache(useBeanCache);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a query specifying if the L2 query cache should be used.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setUseQueryCache(boolean useQueryCache) {
+      return query().setUseQueryCache(useQueryCache);
+    }
+
+  }
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/PagedList.java

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a page of results.
+ * <p>
+ * The benefit of using PagedList over just using the normal Query with
+ * {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} is that it additionally wraps
+ * functionality that can call {@link Query#findFutureRowCount()} to determine total row count,
+ * total page count etc.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Internally this works using {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} on
+ * the query. This translates into SQL that uses limit offset, rownum or row_number function to
+ * limit the result set.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @param <T>
+ *          the entity bean type
+ * 
+ * @see Query#findPagedList(int, int)
+ */
+public interface PagedList<T> {
+
+  /**
+   * Initiate the loading of the total row count in the background.
+   */
+  public void loadRowCount();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the Future row count. You might get this if you wish to cancel the total row count query
+   * or specify a timeout for that query.
+   */
+  public Future<Integer> getFutureRowCount();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the list of entities for this page.
+   */
+  public List<T> getList();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the total row count for all pages.
+   */
+  public int getTotalRowCount();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the total number of pages based on the page size and total row count.
+   */
+  public int getTotalPageCount();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the index position of this page. Zero based.
+   */
+  public int getPageIndex();
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if there is a next page.
+   */
+  public boolean hasNext();
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if there is a previous page.
+   */
+  public boolean hasPrev();
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method to return a "X to Y of Z" string for this page where X is the first row, Y the
+   * last row and Z the total row count.
+   * 
+   * @param to
+   *          String to put between the first and last row
+   * @param of
+   *          String to put between the last row and the total row count
+   * 
+   * @return String of the format XtoYofZ.
+   */
+  public String getDisplayXtoYofZ(String to, String of);
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/Query.java

@@ -589,9 +589,7 @@ public interface Query<T> extends Serializable {
   /**
    * Execute find list query in a background thread.
    * <p>
-   * This returns a Future object which can be used to cancel, check the
-   * execution status (isDone etc) and get the value (with or without a
-   * timeout).
+   * Deprecated with a view to simplifying internals.
    * </p>
    * 
    * @return a Future object for the list result of the query
@@ -600,25 +598,33 @@ public interface Query<T> extends Serializable {
   public FutureList<T> findFutureList();
 
   /**
-   * Return a PagingList for this query.
-   * <p>
-   * This can be used to break up a query into multiple queries to fetch the
-   * data a page at a time.
-   * </p>
-   * <p>
-   * This typically works by using a query per page and setting
-   * {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} on the
-   * query. This usually would translate into SQL that uses limit offset, rownum
-   * or row_number function to limit the result set.
-   * </p>
-   * 
-   * @param pageSize
-   *          the number of beans fetched per Page
+   * This is being deprecated in favour of the simplier {@link Query#findPagedList(int, int)}.
    * 
    * @deprecated
    */
   public PagingList<T> findPagingList(int pageSize);
 
+  /**
+   * Return a PagedList for this query.
+   * <p>
+   * The benefit of using this over just using the normal {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and
+   * {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} is that it additionally wraps an optional call to
+   * {@link Query#findFutureRowCount()} to determine total row count, total page count etc.
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * Internally this works using {@link Query#setFirstRow(int)} and {@link Query#setMaxRows(int)} on
+   * the query. This translates into SQL that uses limit offset, rownum or row_number function to
+   * limit the result set.
+   * </p>
+   * 
+   * @param pageIndex
+   *          The zero based index of the page.
+   * @param pageSize
+   *          The number of beans to return per page.
+   * @return The PagedList
+   */
+  public PagedList<T> findPagedList(int pageIndex, int pageSize);
+
   /**
    * Set a named bind parameter. Named parameters have a colon to prefix the
    * name.

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/RawSql.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
@@ -135,18 +136,33 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.util.CamelCaseHelper;
  * Note that lazy loading also works with object graphs built with RawSql.
  * </p>
  * 
- * @author rbygrave
- * 
  */
 public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
 
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
+  private final ResultSet resultSet;
+  
   private final Sql sql;
 
   private final ColumnMapping columnMapping;
 
-  protected RawSql(Sql sql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
+  /**
+   * Construct with a ResultSet and properties that the columns map to.
+   * <p>
+   * The properties listed in the propertyNames must be in the same order as the columns in the
+   * resultSet.
+   * <p>
+   * When a query executes this RawSql object then it will close the resultSet.
+   */
+  public RawSql(ResultSet resultSet, String... propertyNames) {
+    this.resultSet = resultSet;
+    this.sql = null;
+    this.columnMapping = new ColumnMapping(propertyNames);
+  }
+  
+  protected RawSql(ResultSet resultSet, Sql sql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
+    this.resultSet = resultSet;
     this.sql = sql;
     this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
   }
@@ -158,6 +174,14 @@ public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
     return sql;
   }
 
+  
+  /**
+   * Return the resultSet if this is a ResultSet based RawSql.
+   */
+  public ResultSet getResultSet() {
+    return resultSet;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the column mapping for the SQL columns to bean properties.
    */
@@ -169,6 +193,9 @@ public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
    * Return the hash for this query.
    */
   public int queryHash() {
+    if (resultSet != null) {
+      return 31 * columnMapping.queryHash();
+    }
     return 31 * sql.queryHash() + columnMapping.queryHash();
   }
 
@@ -329,6 +356,7 @@ public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
     private final LinkedHashMap<String, Column> dbColumnMap;
 
     private final Map<String, String> propertyMap;
+    
     private final Map<String, Column> propertyColumnMap;
 
     private final boolean parsed;
@@ -364,6 +392,26 @@ public final class RawSql implements Serializable {
       this.propertyColumnMap = null;
       this.dbColumnMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Column>();
     }
+    
+    /**
+     * Construct for ResultSet use.
+     */
+    protected ColumnMapping(String... propertyNames) {
+      this.immutable = false;
+      this.parsed = false;
+      this.propertyMap = null;
+      //this.propertyColumnMap = null;
+      this.dbColumnMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Column>();
+      
+      int hc = 31;
+      int pos = 0;
+      for (String prop : propertyNames) {
+        hc = 31 * hc + prop.hashCode();
+        dbColumnMap.put(prop, new Column(pos++, prop, null, prop));
+      }
+      propertyColumnMap = dbColumnMap;
+      this.queryHashCode = hc;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Construct an immutable ColumnMapping based on collected information.

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/RawSqlBuilder.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean;
 
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+
 import com.avaje.ebean.RawSql.ColumnMapping;
 import com.avaje.ebean.RawSql.Sql;
 
@@ -10,8 +12,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.RawSql.Sql;
  * named query.
  * </p>
  * 
- * @author rbygrave
- * 
  * @see RawSql
  */
 public class RawSqlBuilder {
@@ -21,10 +21,23 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    */
   public static final String IGNORE_COLUMN = "$$_IGNORE_COLUMN_$$";
 
+  private final ResultSet resultSet;
+  
   private final Sql sql;
 
   private final ColumnMapping columnMapping;
 
+  /**
+   * Create and return a RawSql object based on the resultSet and list of properties the columns in
+   * the resultSet map to.
+   * <p>
+   * The properties listed in the propertyNames must be in the same order as the columns in the
+   * resultSet.
+   */
+  public static RawSql resultSet(ResultSet resultSet, String... propertyNames) {
+    return new RawSql(resultSet, propertyNames);
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Return an unparsed RawSqlBuilder. Unlike a parsed one this query can not be
    * modified - so no additional WHERE or HAVING expressions can be added to
@@ -58,9 +71,17 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
     return new RawSqlBuilder(sql2, mapping);
   }
 
+  
+  private RawSqlBuilder(ResultSet resultSet, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
+    this.resultSet = resultSet;
+    this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
+    this.sql = null;
+  }
+  
   private RawSqlBuilder(Sql sql, ColumnMapping columnMapping) {
     this.sql = sql;
     this.columnMapping = columnMapping;
+    this.resultSet = null;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -92,7 +113,7 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
    * has been defined.
    */
   public RawSql create() {
-    return new RawSql(sql, columnMapping.createImmutableCopy());
+    return new RawSql(resultSet, sql, columnMapping.createImmutableCopy());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -101,4 +122,6 @@ public class RawSqlBuilder {
   protected Sql getSql() {
     return sql;
   }
+  
+
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/annotation/ColumnHstore.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean.annotation;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
+public @interface ColumnHstore {
+
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/annotation/Index.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean.annotation;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+/**
+ * An annotation for declaring an index on a single column.
+ *
+ * @author rvbiljouw
+ */
+@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+public @interface Index {
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the index
+     *
+     * @return index name
+     */
+    String value() default "";
+
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/annotation/Transactional.java

@@ -55,21 +55,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.TxType;
  *    Ebean.save(order);
  *  }
  * </pre>
- * 
- * <p>
- * During development and testing you can set a debug level which will log the
- * transaction begin, commit and rollback events so that you can easily confirm
- * it is behaving as you would expect.
- * </p>
- * 
- * <pre class="code">
- *  ## in ebean.properties file
- *  
- *  ## Log transaction begins and ends etc
- *  ## (0=NoLogging 1=minimal ... 9=logAll)
- *  ebean.debug.transaction=3
- * 
- * </pre>
  */
 @Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/bean/BeanCollection.java

@@ -137,22 +137,6 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable {
    */
   public Collection<?> getActualEntries();
 
-  /**
-   * Set to true if maxRows was hit and there are actually more rows available.
-   * <p>
-   * Can be used by client code that is paging through results using
-   * setFirstRow() setMaxRows(). If this returns true then the client can
-   * display a 'next' button etc.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  public boolean hasMoreRows();
-
-  /**
-   * Set to true when maxRows is hit but there are actually more rows available.
-   * This is set so that client code knows that there is more data available.
-   */
-  public void setHasMoreRows(boolean hasMoreRows);
-
   /**
    * return true if there are real rows held. Return false is this is using
    * Deferred fetch to lazy load the rows and the rows have not yet been

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/bean/EntityBeanIntercept.java

@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
   private transient PersistenceContext persistenceContext;
 
   private transient BeanLoader beanLoader;
-  
-  private int beanLoaderIndex;
 
   private String ebeanServerName;
 
@@ -182,6 +180,13 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
   public Object getEmbeddedOwner() {
     return embeddedOwner;
   }
+  
+  /**
+   * Return the property index (for the parent) of this embedded bean.
+   */
+  public int getEmbeddedOwnerIndex() {
+    return embeddedOwnerIndex;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Special case for a OneToOne, Set the parent bean (by relationship). This is
@@ -193,34 +198,22 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return the index position for batch loading via BeanLoader.
+   * Set the BeanLoader with PersistenceContext.
    */
-  public int getBeanLoaderIndex() {
-    return beanLoaderIndex;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set Lazy Loading by ebeanServerName.
-   * <p>
-   * This is for reference beans created by themselves.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  public void setBeanLoaderByServerName(String ebeanServerName) {
-    this.beanLoaderIndex = 0;
-    this.beanLoader = null;
-    this.ebeanServerName = ebeanServerName;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set the BeanLoader for general lazy loading.
-   */
-  public void setBeanLoader(int index, BeanLoader beanLoader, PersistenceContext ctx) {
-    this.beanLoaderIndex = index;
+  public void setBeanLoader(BeanLoader beanLoader, PersistenceContext ctx) {
     this.beanLoader = beanLoader;
     this.persistenceContext = ctx;
     this.ebeanServerName = beanLoader.getName();
   }
-  
+
+  /**
+   * Set the BeanLoader.
+   */
+  public void setBeanLoader(BeanLoader beanLoader) {
+    this.beanLoader = beanLoader;
+    this.ebeanServerName = beanLoader.getName();
+  }
+
   public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
     return fullyLoadedBean;
   }
@@ -444,6 +437,9 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     return -1;
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Return the property name for the given property.
+   */
   public String getProperty(int propertyIndex) {
     if (propertyIndex == -1) {
       return null;
@@ -451,18 +447,38 @@ public final class EntityBeanIntercept implements Serializable {
     return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Return the number of properties.s
+   */
   public int getPropertyLength() {
     return owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length;
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Set the property to be treated as unloaded. Used for properties initialised in default
+   * constructor.
+   */
+  public void setPropertyUnloaded(int propertyIndex) {
+    loadedProps[propertyIndex] = false;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Set the property to be loaded.
+   */
   public void setLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
     loadedProps[propertyIndex] = true;
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Return true if the property is loaded.
+   */
   public boolean isLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
     return loadedProps[propertyIndex];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if the property is considered changed.
+   */
   public boolean isChangedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
     return (changedProps != null && changedProps[propertyIndex]);
   }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/bean/ObjectGraphNode.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean.bean;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * Identifies a unique node of an object graph.
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ public final class ObjectGraphNode implements Serializable {
   
   public int hashCode() {
     int hc = 31 * originQueryPoint.hashCode();
-    hc = 31 * hc + Objects.hashCode(path);
+    hc = 31 * hc + (path == null ? 0 : path.hashCode());
     return hc;
   }
   
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ public final class ObjectGraphNode implements Serializable {
     }
     
     ObjectGraphNode e = (ObjectGraphNode) obj;
-    return Objects.equals(e.path, path) 
+    return  ((e.path == path) || (e.path != null && e.path.equals(path)))
         && e.originQueryPoint.equals(originQueryPoint);
   }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/common/AbstractBeanCollection.java

@@ -45,12 +45,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    */
   protected final String propertyName;
 
-  /**
-   * Flag set to true if rows are limited by firstRow maxRows and more rows
-   * exist. For use by client to enable 'next' for paging.
-   */
-  protected boolean hasMoreRows;
-
   protected ModifyHolder<E> modifyHolder;
 
   protected ModifyListenMode modifyListenMode;
@@ -151,26 +145,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
     this.readOnly = readOnly;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Set to true if maxRows was hit and there are actually more rows available.
-   * <p>
-   * Can be used by client code that is paging through results using
-   * setFirstRow() setMaxRows(). If this returns true then the client can
-   * display a 'next' button etc.
-   * </p>
-   */
-  public boolean hasMoreRows() {
-    return hasMoreRows;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Set to true when maxRows is hit but there are actually more rows available.
-   * This is set so that client code knows that there is more data available.
-   */
-  public void setHasMoreRows(boolean hasMoreRows) {
-    this.hasMoreRows = hasMoreRows;
-  }
-
   protected void checkReadOnly() {
     if (readOnly) {
       String msg = "This collection is in ReadOnly mode";

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/common/BeanList.java

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
   }
 
   public String toString() {
-    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(50);
     sb.append("BeanList ");
     if (isReadOnly()) {
       sb.append("readOnly ");
@@ -163,7 +163,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
 
     } else {
       sb.append("size[").append(list.size()).append("] ");
-      sb.append("hasMoreRows[").append(hasMoreRows).append("] ");
       sb.append("list").append(list).append("");
     }
     return sb.toString();

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/common/BeanMap.java

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
   }
 
   public String toString() {
-    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(50);
     sb.append("BeanMap ");
     if (isReadOnly()) {
       sb.append("readOnly ");
@@ -164,7 +164,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
 
     } else {
       sb.append("size[").append(map.size()).append("]");
-      sb.append(" hasMoreRows[").append(hasMoreRows).append("]");
       sb.append(" map").append(map);
     }
     return sb.toString();

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/common/BeanSet.java

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
   }
 
   public String toString() {
-    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(50);
     sb.append("BeanSet ");
     if (isReadOnly()) {
       sb.append("readOnly ");
@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
 
     } else {
       sb.append("size[").append(set.size()).append("]");
-      sb.append(" hasMoreRows[").append(hasMoreRows).append("]");
       sb.append(" set").append(set);
     }
     return sb.toString();

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/DataSourceConfig.java

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ public class DataSourceConfig {
 
   private int isolationLevel = Transaction.READ_COMMITTED;
 
+  private boolean autoCommit;
+  
   private String heartbeatSql;
   
   private int heartbeatFreqSecs = 30;
@@ -131,6 +133,20 @@ public class DataSourceConfig {
   public void setIsolationLevel(int isolationLevel) {
     this.isolationLevel = isolationLevel;
   }
+  
+  /**
+   * Return autoCommit setting.
+   */
+  public boolean isAutoCommit() {
+    return autoCommit;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true to turn on autoCommit.
+   */
+  public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) {
+    this.autoCommit = autoCommit;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Return the minimum number of connections the pool should maintain.
@@ -450,6 +466,7 @@ public class DataSourceConfig {
     String dbUrl = properties.get(prefix + "databaseUrl", null);
     this.url = properties.get(prefix + "url", dbUrl);
 
+    this.autoCommit = properties.getBoolean(prefix + "autoCommit", false);
     this.captureStackTrace = properties.getBoolean(prefix + "captureStackTrace", false);
     this.maxStackTraceSize = properties.getInt(prefix + "maxStackTraceSize", 5);
     this.leakTimeMinutes = properties.getInt(prefix + "leakTimeMinutes", 30);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/PropertyMap.java

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean.config;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * A map like structure of properties.
@@ -68,9 +67,8 @@ final class PropertyMap implements Serializable {
   }
 
   synchronized void putAll(Map<String, String> keyValueMap) {
-    Iterator<Entry<String, String>> it = keyValueMap.entrySet().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : keyValueMap.entrySet()) {
       put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
     }
   }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/PropertyMapLoader.java

@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean.config;
 
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
-import java.util.Map.Entry;
 
 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 /**
  * Helper used to load the PropertyMap.
  */
@@ -81,9 +79,7 @@ final class PropertyMapLoader {
     }
 
     // put values in initially without any evaluation
-    Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> it = props.entrySet().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry = it.next();
+    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : props.entrySet()) {
       String key = ((String) entry.getKey()).toLowerCase();
       String val = ((String) entry.getValue());
       if (val != null) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/ServerConfig.java

@@ -175,6 +175,13 @@ public class ServerConfig {
    */
   private DataSourceConfig dataSourceConfig = new DataSourceConfig();
 
+  /**
+   * Set to true if the DataSource uses autoCommit.
+   * <p>
+   * Indicates that Ebean should use autoCommit friendly Transactions and TransactionManager.
+   */
+  private boolean autoCommitMode;
+  
   /** 
    * The data source JNDI name if using a JNDI DataSource. 
    */
@@ -204,6 +211,12 @@ public class ServerConfig {
    * Default behaviour for updates when cascade save on a O2M or M2M to delete any missing children.
    */
   private boolean updatesDeleteMissingChildren = true;
+  
+  /**
+   * Setting to indicate if UUID should be stored as binary(16) or varchar(40).
+   */
+  private boolean uuidStoreAsBinary;
+  
 
   private List<BeanPersistController> persistControllers = new ArrayList<BeanPersistController>();
   private List<BeanPersistListener<?>> persistListeners = new ArrayList<BeanPersistListener<?>>();
@@ -576,6 +589,20 @@ public class ServerConfig {
   public void setDataSourceJndiName(String dataSourceJndiName) {
     this.dataSourceJndiName = dataSourceJndiName;
   }
+  
+  /**
+   * Return true if autoCommit mode is on. This indicates to Ebean to use autoCommit friendly Transactions and TransactionManager.
+   */
+  public boolean isAutoCommitMode() {
+    return autoCommitMode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if autoCommit mode is on and Ebean should use autoCommit friendly Transactions and TransactionManager.
+   */
+  public void setAutoCommitMode(boolean autoCommitMode) {
+    this.autoCommitMode = autoCommitMode;
+  }
 
   /**
    * Return a value used to represent TRUE in the database.
@@ -796,6 +823,21 @@ public class ServerConfig {
     this.dbEncrypt = dbEncrypt;
   }
 
+  
+  /**
+   * Return true if UUID should be stored as binary(16) (as opposed to varchar(40)).
+   */
+  public boolean isUuidStoreAsBinary() {
+    return uuidStoreAsBinary;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if UUID should be stored as binary(16) (as opposed to varchar(40)).
+   */
+  public void setUuidStoreAsBinary(boolean uuidStoreAsBinary) {
+    this.uuidStoreAsBinary = uuidStoreAsBinary;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Set to true to run the DDL generation on startup.
    */
@@ -1260,6 +1302,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
 
     loadDataSourceSettings(p);
 
+    autoCommitMode = p.getBoolean("autoCommitMode", false);
     useJtaTransactionManager = p.getBoolean("useJtaTransactionManager", false);
     namingConvention = createNamingConvention(p);
     databasePlatform = createInstance(p, DatabasePlatform.class, "databasePlatform");
@@ -1282,7 +1325,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
 
     collectQueryStatsByNode = p.getBoolean("collectQueryStatsByNode", true);
     collectQueryOrigins = p.getBoolean("collectQueryOrigins", true);
-    
+
     updateChangesOnly = p.getBoolean("updateChangesOnly", true);
     
     boolean defaultDeleteMissingChildren = p.getBoolean("defaultDeleteMissingChildren", true);
@@ -1299,6 +1342,7 @@ public class ServerConfig {
     databaseBooleanTrue = p.get("databaseBooleanTrue", null);
     databaseBooleanFalse = p.get("databaseBooleanFalse", null);
     databasePlatformName = p.get("databasePlatformName", null);
+    uuidStoreAsBinary = p.getBoolean("uuidStoreAsBinary", false);
 
     lazyLoadBatchSize = p.getInt("lazyLoadBatchSize", 1);
     queryBatchSize = p.getInt("queryBatchSize", DEFAULT_QUERY_BATCH_SIZE);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/TableName.java

@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ public final class TableName {
     this.name = split[len - 1];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Parse a qualifiedTableName that might include a catalog and schema and just return the table name.
+   */
+  public static String parse(String qualifiedTableName) {
+    return new TableName(qualifiedTableName).getName();
+  }
+  
   public String toString() {
     return getQualifiedName();
   }
@@ -121,6 +128,18 @@ public final class TableName {
     return buffer.toString();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Append a catalog and schema prefix if they exist to the string builder.
+   */
+  public void appendCatalogAndSchema(StringBuilder buffer) {
+    if (catalog != null) {
+      buffer.append(catalog).append(".");
+    }
+    if (schema != null) {
+      buffer.append(schema).append(".");
+    }
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Checks if is table name is valid i.e. it has at least a name.
    * 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/DbDdlSyntax.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform;
 
+import com.avaje.ebean.config.TableName;
+
 /**
  * Used to support DB specific syntax for DDL generation.
  */
@@ -9,7 +11,7 @@ public class DbDdlSyntax {
 
   private boolean inlinePrimaryKeyConstraint = false;
 
-  private boolean addOneToOneUniqueContraint = false;
+  private boolean addOneToOneUniqueContraint = true;
 
   private int maxConstraintNameLength = 32;
 
@@ -43,6 +45,17 @@ public class DbDdlSyntax {
     return pk;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return the column definition for an identity column.
+   */
+  public String getIdentityColumnDefn(String columnDefn) {
+    String identity = getIdentity();
+    if (identity != null && identity.length() > 0) {
+      return columnDefn+" "+identity;
+    }
+    return columnDefn;
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Return the identity clause for DB's that have identities.
    */
@@ -248,26 +261,29 @@ public class DbDdlSyntax {
     this.inlinePrimaryKeyConstraint = inlinePrimaryKeyConstraint;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Builds and returns a fully index name.
+   */
   public String getIndexName(String table, String propName, int ixCount) {
 
-    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
-    buffer.append("ix_");
-    buffer.append(table);
-    buffer.append("_");
-    buffer.append(propName);
+
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(30);
+    buffer.append("ix_").append(TableName.parse(table));
+    buffer.append("_").append(propName);
 
     addSuffix(buffer, ixCount);
 
     return buffer.toString();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Builds and returns a fully qualified foreign key constraint name.
+   */
   public String getForeignKeyName(String table, String propName, int fkCount) {
 
-    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
-    buffer.append("fk_");
-    buffer.append(table);
-    buffer.append("_");
-    buffer.append(propName);
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(30);
+    buffer.append("fk_").append(TableName.parse(table));
+    buffer.append("_").append(propName);
 
     addSuffix(buffer, fkCount);
 
@@ -276,15 +292,10 @@ public class DbDdlSyntax {
 
   /**
    * Adds the suffix.
-   * 
-   * @param buffer
-   *          the buffer
-   * @param count
-   *          the count
    */
   protected void addSuffix(StringBuilder buffer, int count) {
-    final String suffixNr = Integer.toString(count);
-    final int suffixLen = suffixNr.length() + 1;
+    String suffixNr = Integer.toString(count);
+    int suffixLen = suffixNr.length() + 1;
 
     if (buffer.length() + suffixLen > maxConstraintNameLength) {
       buffer.setLength(maxConstraintNameLength - suffixLen);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/LimitOffsetSqlLimiter.java

@@ -17,22 +17,21 @@ public class LimitOffsetSqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
 
   public SqlLimitResponse limit(SqlLimitRequest request) {
 
-    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(512);
+    String dbSql = request.getDbSql();
+    
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50 + dbSql.length());
     sb.append("select ");
     if (request.isDistinct()) {
       sb.append("distinct ");
     }
 
-    sb.append(request.getDbSql());
+    sb.append(dbSql);
 
     int firstRow = request.getFirstRow();
     int maxRows = request.getMaxRows();
-    if (maxRows > 0) {
-      maxRows = maxRows + 1;
-    }
 
     if (maxRows > 0 || firstRow > 0) {
-      sb.append(" ").append(NEW_LINE).append(LIMIT).append(" ").append(maxRows);
+      sb.append(" ").append(LIMIT).append(" ").append(maxRows);
       if (firstRow > 0) {
         sb.append(" ").append(OFFSET).append(" ");
         sb.append(firstRow);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/MsSqlServer2005SqlLimiter.java

@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ public class MsSqlServer2005SqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
 
     int lastRow = request.getMaxRows();
     if (lastRow > 0) {
-      // fetch 1 more than we return so that
-      // we know if more rows are available
-      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow + 1;
+      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow;
     }
 
     if (firstRow < 1) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/Postgres8Platform.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform;
+
+import com.avaje.ebean.BackgroundExecutor;
+import com.avaje.ebean.config.GlobalProperties;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.Types;
+
+/**
+ * Postgres v8.3 specific platform.
+ * <p>
+ * No support for getGeneratedKeys.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class Postgres8Platform extends DatabasePlatform {
+
+  public Postgres8Platform() {
+    super();
+    this.name = "postgres";
+    this.selectCountWithAlias = true;
+    this.blobDbType = Types.LONGVARBINARY;
+    this.clobDbType = Types.VARCHAR;
+
+    this.dbEncrypt = new PostgresDbEncrypt();
+
+    this.dbIdentity.setSupportsGetGeneratedKeys(false);
+    this.dbIdentity.setIdType(IdType.SEQUENCE);
+    this.dbIdentity.setSupportsSequence(true);
+
+    String colAlias = GlobalProperties.get("ebean.columnAliasPrefix", null);
+    if (colAlias == null) {
+      // Postgres requires the "as" keyword for column alias
+      GlobalProperties.put("ebean.columnAliasPrefix", "as c");
+    }
+
+    this.openQuote = "\"";
+    this.closeQuote = "\"";
+
+    // dbTypeMap.put(Types.BOOLEAN, new DbType("bit default 0"));
+
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.INTEGER, new DbType("integer", false));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.DOUBLE, new DbType("float"));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.TINYINT, new DbType("smallint"));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.DECIMAL, new DbType("decimal", 38));
+
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.BINARY, new DbType("bytea", false));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.VARBINARY, new DbType("bytea", false));
+
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.BLOB, new DbType("bytea", false));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.CLOB, new DbType("text"));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.LONGVARBINARY, new DbType("bytea", false));
+    dbTypeMap.put(Types.LONGVARCHAR, new DbType("text"));
+
+    dbDdlSyntax.setDropTableCascade("cascade");
+    dbDdlSyntax.setDropIfExists("if exists");
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Postgres specific sequence IdGenerator.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public IdGenerator createSequenceIdGenerator(BackgroundExecutor be, DataSource ds,
+      String seqName, int batchSize) {
+
+    return new PostgresSequenceIdGenerator(be, ds, seqName, batchSize);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected String withForUpdate(String sql) {
+    return sql + " for update";
+  }
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/PostgresDdlSyntax.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform;
+
+public class PostgresDdlSyntax extends DbDdlSyntax {
+
+  /**
+   * Map bigint, integer and smallint into their equivilent serial types. 
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String getIdentityColumnDefn(String columnDefn) {
+    
+    //smallserial, serial and bigserial
+    if ("bigint".equalsIgnoreCase(columnDefn)) {
+      return "bigserial";
+    }
+    if ("integer".equalsIgnoreCase(columnDefn)) {
+      return "serial";
+    }
+    if ("smallint".equalsIgnoreCase(columnDefn)) {
+      return "smallserial";
+    }
+    
+    return columnDefn;
+  }
+
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/PostgresPlatform.java

@@ -4,27 +4,37 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.BackgroundExecutor;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.GlobalProperties;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
 import java.sql.Types;
 
 /**
- * Postgres v8.3 specific platform.
+ * Postgres v9 specific platform.
  * <p>
- * No support for getGeneratedKeys.
+ * Uses serial types and getGeneratedKeys.
  * </p>
  */
 public class PostgresPlatform extends DatabasePlatform {
 
+  /**
+   * Unique jdbc type id defined for hstore type.
+   */
+  public static final int TYPE_HSTORE = 4001;
+  
   public PostgresPlatform() {
     super();
     this.name = "postgres";
+    
+    this.dbDdlSyntax = new PostgresDdlSyntax();
+    
     this.selectCountWithAlias = true;
     this.blobDbType = Types.LONGVARBINARY;
     this.clobDbType = Types.VARCHAR;
 
     this.dbEncrypt = new PostgresDbEncrypt();
 
-    this.dbIdentity.setSupportsGetGeneratedKeys(false);
-    this.dbIdentity.setIdType(IdType.SEQUENCE);
+    // Use Identity and getGeneratedKeys
+    this.dbIdentity.setIdType(IdType.IDENTITY);
+    this.dbIdentity.setSupportsGetGeneratedKeys(true);
     this.dbIdentity.setSupportsSequence(true);
 
     String colAlias = GlobalProperties.get("ebean.columnAliasPrefix", null);
@@ -36,8 +46,8 @@ public class PostgresPlatform extends DatabasePlatform {
     this.openQuote = "\"";
     this.closeQuote = "\"";
 
-    // dbTypeMap.put(Types.BOOLEAN, new DbType("bit default 0"));
-
+    dbTypeMap.put(TYPE_HSTORE, new DbType("hstore"));
+    
     dbTypeMap.put(Types.INTEGER, new DbType("integer", false));
     dbTypeMap.put(Types.DOUBLE, new DbType("float"));
     dbTypeMap.put(Types.TINYINT, new DbType("smallint"));

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/RowNumberSqlLimiter.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public class RowNumberSqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
    */
   private static final String ROW_NUMBER_AS = ") as rn, ";
 
-  final String rowNumberWindowAlias;
+  private final String rowNumberWindowAlias;
 
   /**
    * Specify the name of the rowNumberWindowAlias.
@@ -30,16 +30,18 @@ public class RowNumberSqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
 
   public SqlLimitResponse limit(SqlLimitRequest request) {
 
-    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(500);
+    String dbSql = request.getDbSql();
+    
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(60 + dbSql.length());
 
     int firstRow = request.getFirstRow();
 
     int lastRow = request.getMaxRows();
     if (lastRow > 0) {
-      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow + 1;
+      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow;
     }
 
-    sb.append("select * from (").append(NEW_LINE);
+    sb.append("select * from ( ");
 
     sb.append("select ");
     if (request.isDistinct()) {
@@ -50,9 +52,9 @@ public class RowNumberSqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
     sb.append(request.getDbOrderBy());
     sb.append(ROW_NUMBER_AS);
 
-    sb.append(request.getDbSql());
+    sb.append(dbSql);
 
-    sb.append(NEW_LINE).append(") ");
+    sb.append(" ) ");
     sb.append(rowNumberWindowAlias);
     sb.append(" where ");
     if (firstRow > 0) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/RownumSqlLimiter.java

@@ -35,38 +35,40 @@ public class RownumSqlLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
     // :MAX_ROW_TO_FETCH )
     // where rnum >= :MIN_ROW_TO_FETCH;
 
-    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(500);
+    String dbSql = request.getDbSql();
+    
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(60 + dbSql.length());
 
     int firstRow = request.getFirstRow();
 
     int lastRow = request.getMaxRows();
     if (lastRow > 0) {
-      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow + 1;
+      lastRow = lastRow + firstRow;
     }
 
-    sb.append("select * ").append(NEW_LINE).append("from ( ");
+    sb.append("select * from ( ");
 
     sb.append("select ");
     if (useFirstRowsHint && request.getMaxRows() > 0) {
-      sb.append("/*+ FIRST_ROWS(").append(request.getMaxRows() + 1).append(") */ ");
+      sb.append("/*+ FIRST_ROWS(").append(request.getMaxRows()).append(") */ ");
     }
 
-    sb.append("rownum ").append(rnum).append(", a.* ").append(NEW_LINE);
-    sb.append("       from (");//
+    sb.append("rownum ").append(rnum).append(", a.* ");
+    sb.append(" from (");
 
     sb.append(" select ");
     if (request.isDistinct()) {
       sb.append("distinct ");
     }
-    sb.append(request.getDbSql());
+    sb.append(dbSql);
 
-    sb.append(NEW_LINE).append("            ) a ");
+    sb.append(NEW_LINE).append("  ) a ");
     if (lastRow > 0) {
-      sb.append(NEW_LINE).append("       where rownum <= ").append(lastRow);
+      sb.append(" where rownum <= ").append(lastRow);
     }
-    sb.append(NEW_LINE).append("     ) ");
+    sb.append(" ) ");
     if (firstRow > 0) {
-      sb.append(NEW_LINE).append("where ");
+      sb.append(" where ");
       sb.append(rnum).append(" > ").append(firstRow);
     }
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/SqlAnywhereLimiter.java

@@ -8,15 +8,12 @@ public class SqlAnywhereLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
 
   public SqlLimitResponse limit(SqlLimitRequest request) {
 
-    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(500);
+    String dbSql = request.getDbSql();
+    
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(60 + dbSql.length());
 
     int firstRow = request.getFirstRow();
     int maxRows = request.getMaxRows();
-    if (maxRows > 0) {
-      // fetch 1 more than we return so that
-      // we know if more rows are available
-      maxRows = maxRows + 1;
-    }
 
     /*
      * SELECT TOP xx START AT xx ... FROM ...
@@ -31,7 +28,7 @@ public class SqlAnywhereLimiter implements SqlLimiter {
     if (firstRow > 0) {
       sb.append("start at ").append(firstRow + 1).append(" ");
     }
-    sb.append(request.getDbSql());
+    sb.append(dbSql);
 
     String sql = request.getDbPlatform().completeSql(sb.toString(), request.getOrmQuery());
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/config/dbplatform/SqlLimitRequest.java

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.Query;
 /**
  * The request object for the query that can have sql limiting applied to it
  * (such as a LIMIT OFFSET clause).
- * 
- * @author rob
  */
 public interface SqlLimitRequest {
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebean/event/BeanPersistController.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 /**
  * Used to enhance or override the default bean persistence mechanism.
  * <p>
- * Note that if want to totally change the finding, you need to use a BeanFinder
+ * Note that if want to totally change the finding, you need to use a BeanQueryAdapter
  * rather than using postLoad().
  * </p>
  * <p>

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/HashQueryPlan.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
-
 /**
  * A hash for a query plan.
  */
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ public class HashQueryPlan {
   public int hashCode() {
     int hc = planHash;
     hc = hc * 31 + bindCount;
-    hc = hc * 31 + Objects.hashCode(rawSql);
+    hc = hc * 31 + (rawSql == null ? 0 : rawSql.hashCode());
     return hc;
   }
   
@@ -41,6 +39,6 @@ public class HashQueryPlan {
     HashQueryPlan e = (HashQueryPlan) obj;
     return e.planHash == planHash 
         && e.bindCount == bindCount
-        && Objects.equals(e.rawSql, rawSql);
+        &&  ((e.rawSql == rawSql) || (e.rawSql != null && e.rawSql.equals(rawSql)));
   }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/HashQueryPlanBuilder.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
-
 /**
  * Used to build HashQueryPlan instances.
  */
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ public class HashQueryPlanBuilder {
    * Add an object to the hash calculation.
    */
   public HashQueryPlanBuilder add(Object object) {
-    planHash = planHash * 31 + Objects.hashCode(object);
+    planHash = planHash * 31 + (object == null ? 0 : object.hashCode());
     return this;
   }
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/LoadBeanRequest.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-import com.avaje.ebean.Transaction;
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.OrmQueryRequest;
 
 /**
  * Request for loading ManyToOne and OneToOne relationships.
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ public class LoadBeanRequest extends LoadRequest {
 
   private final boolean loadCache;
 
-  public LoadBeanRequest(LoadBeanBuffer LoadBuffer, Transaction transaction, boolean lazy, String lazyLoadProperty,
-      boolean loadCache) {
-
-    super(transaction, lazy);
+  public LoadBeanRequest(LoadBeanBuffer LoadBuffer, boolean lazy, String lazyLoadProperty, boolean loadCache) {
+    this(LoadBuffer, null, lazy, lazyLoadProperty, loadCache);
+  }
+  
+  public LoadBeanRequest(LoadBeanBuffer LoadBuffer, OrmQueryRequest<?> parentRequest, boolean lazy, String lazyLoadProperty, boolean loadCache) {
+    super(parentRequest, lazy);
     this.LoadBuffer = LoadBuffer;
     this.batch = LoadBuffer.getBatch();
     this.lazyLoadProperty = lazyLoadProperty;

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/LoadManyRequest.java

@@ -2,69 +2,71 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-import com.avaje.ebean.Transaction;
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.OrmQueryRequest;
 
 /**
- * Request for loading Associated One Beans.
+ * Request for loading Associated Many Beans.
  */
 public class LoadManyRequest extends LoadRequest {
 
+  private final List<BeanCollection<?>> batch;
 
-	private final List<BeanCollection<?>> batch;
+  private final LoadManyBuffer loadContext;
 
-	private final LoadManyBuffer loadContext;
+  private final boolean onlyIds;
 
-	private final boolean onlyIds;
-	
-	private final boolean loadCache;
-	
-  public LoadManyRequest(LoadManyBuffer loadContext, Transaction transaction, int batchSize, boolean lazy,
+  private final boolean loadCache;
+
+  public LoadManyRequest(LoadManyBuffer loadContext, int batchSize, boolean lazy,boolean onlyIds, boolean loadCache) {
+    this(loadContext, null, batchSize, lazy, onlyIds, loadCache);
+  }
+  
+  public LoadManyRequest(LoadManyBuffer loadContext, OrmQueryRequest<?> parentRequest, int batchSize, boolean lazy,
       boolean onlyIds, boolean loadCache) {
 
-		super(transaction, lazy);
-		this.loadContext = loadContext;
-		this.batch = loadContext.getBatch();
-		this.onlyIds = onlyIds;
-		this.loadCache = loadCache;
-	}
+    super(parentRequest, lazy);
+    this.loadContext = loadContext;
+    this.batch = loadContext.getBatch();
+    this.onlyIds = onlyIds;
+    this.loadCache = loadCache;
+  }
 
-	public String getDescription() {
-		return "path:" + loadContext.getFullPath() + " size:"+ batch.size();
-	}
+  public String getDescription() {
+    return "path:" + loadContext.getFullPath() + " size:" + batch.size();
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the batch of collections to actually load.
-	 */
-	public List<BeanCollection<?>> getBatch() {
-		return batch;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the batch of collections to actually load.
+   */
+  public List<BeanCollection<?>> getBatch() {
+    return batch;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the load context.
-	 */
-	public LoadManyBuffer getLoadContext() {
-		return loadContext;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the load context.
+   */
+  public LoadManyBuffer getLoadContext() {
+    return loadContext;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if lazy loading should only load the id values.
-	 * <p>
-	 * This for use when lazy loading is invoked on methods such
-	 * as clear() and removeAll() where it generally makes sense to
-	 * only fetch the Id values as the other property information is 
-	 * not used.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public boolean isOnlyIds() {
-		return onlyIds;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return true if lazy loading should only load the id values.
+   * <p>
+   * This for use when lazy loading is invoked on methods such as clear() and removeAll() where it
+   * generally makes sense to only fetch the Id values as the other property information is not
+   * used.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public boolean isOnlyIds() {
+    return onlyIds;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if we should load the Collection ids into the cache.
+   */
+  public boolean isLoadCache() {
+    return loadCache;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if we should load the Collection ids into the cache.
-	 */
-	public boolean isLoadCache() {
-    	return loadCache;
-    }
-	
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/LoadRequest.java

@@ -1,22 +1,36 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.Transaction;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.OrmQueryRequest;
 
 /**
  * Request for loading Associated One Beans.
  */
 public abstract class LoadRequest {
 
-	protected final boolean lazy;
+  protected final OrmQueryRequest<?> parentRequest;
 
-	protected final Transaction transaction;
+  protected final Transaction transaction;
 
-	public LoadRequest(Transaction transaction, boolean lazy) {
+  protected final boolean lazy;
 
-		this.transaction = transaction;
+	public LoadRequest(OrmQueryRequest<?> parentRequest, boolean lazy) {
+
+	  this.parentRequest = parentRequest;
+		this.transaction = parentRequest == null ? null : parentRequest.getTransaction();
 		this.lazy = lazy;
 	}
 
+  /**
+   * Log the just executed secondary query with the 'root' query if 'logSecondaryQuery' is set to
+   * true. This is for testing purposes to confirm the secondary query executes etc.
+   */
+  public void logSecondaryQuery(SpiQuery<?> query) {
+    if (parentRequest != null && parentRequest.isLogSecondaryQuery()) {
+      parentRequest.getQuery().logSecondaryQuery(query);
+    }
+  }
+  
 	/**
 	 * Return true if this is a lazy load and false if it is a secondary query.
 	 */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/ManyWhereJoins.java

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyDeploy;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SplitName;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Holds the joins needs to support the many where predicates.
@@ -17,12 +19,32 @@ public class ManyWhereJoins implements Serializable {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -6490181101871795417L;
     
-    private final TreeSet<String> joins = new TreeSet<String>();
+    private final TreeMap<String,PropertyJoin> joins = new TreeMap<String,PropertyJoin>();
 
     private StringBuilder formulaProperties = new StringBuilder();
     
     private boolean formulaWithJoin;
 
+  /**
+   * 'Mode' indicating that joins added while this is true are required to be outer joins.
+   */
+    private boolean requireOuterJoins;
+    
+    /**
+     * Return the current 'mode' indicating if outer joins are currently required or not.
+     */
+    public boolean isRequireOuterJoins() {
+      return requireOuterJoins;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'mode' to be that joins added are required to be outer joins.
+     * This is set during the evaluation of disjunction predicates.
+     */
+    public void setRequireOuterJoins(boolean requireOuterJoins) {
+      this.requireOuterJoins = requireOuterJoins;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add a many where join.
      */
@@ -31,13 +53,15 @@ public class ManyWhereJoins implements Serializable {
         String join = elProp.getElPrefix();
         BeanProperty p = elProp.getBeanProperty();
         if (p instanceof BeanPropertyAssocMany<?>){
-            join = addManyToJoin(join, p.getName());
+            join = addManyToJoin(join, p.getName());          
         }
         if (join != null){
-            joins.add(join);
-            String secondaryTableJoinPrefix = p.getSecondaryTableJoinPrefix();
-            if (secondaryTableJoinPrefix != null) {
-                joins.add(join+"."+secondaryTableJoinPrefix);
+            addJoin(join);
+            if (p != null) {
+              String secondaryTableJoinPrefix = p.getSecondaryTableJoinPrefix();
+              if (secondaryTableJoinPrefix != null) {
+                addJoin(join+"."+secondaryTableJoinPrefix);
+              }
             }
             addParentJoins(join);
         }
@@ -58,11 +82,16 @@ public class ManyWhereJoins implements Serializable {
     private void addParentJoins(String join) {
         String[] split = SplitName.split(join);
         if (split[0] != null){
-            joins.add(split[0]);
+            addJoin(split[0]);
             addParentJoins(split[0]);
         }
     }
 
+    private void addJoin(String property) {
+      SqlJoinType joinType = (requireOuterJoins) ? SqlJoinType.OUTER: SqlJoinType.INNER; 
+      joins.put(property, new PropertyJoin(property, joinType));
+    }
+    
     /**
      * Return true if there are no extra many where joins.
      */
@@ -73,10 +102,22 @@ public class ManyWhereJoins implements Serializable {
     /**
      * Return the set of many where joins.
      */
-    public Set<String> getJoins() {
-        return joins;
+    public Collection<PropertyJoin> getPropertyJoins() {
+        return joins.values();
     }
-    
+
+    /**
+     * Return the set of property names for the many where joins.
+     */
+    public TreeSet<String> getPropertyNames() {
+      
+      TreeSet<String> propertyNames = new TreeSet<String>();
+      for (PropertyJoin join : joins.values()) {
+        propertyNames.add(join.getProperty());
+      }
+      return propertyNames;
+    }
+
     /**
      * In findRowCount query found a formula property with a join clause so building a select clause
      * specifically for the findRowCount query.

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/PropertyJoin.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
+
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a join required for a given property and whether than needs to be an outer join.
+ */
+public class PropertyJoin {
+
+  /**
+   * The property name.
+   */
+  private final String property;
+  
+  /**
+   * Set to true if the property needs to be an outer join.
+   */
+  private final SqlJoinType joinType;
+
+  public PropertyJoin(String property, SqlJoinType joinType) {
+    this.property = property;
+    this.joinType = joinType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the property that should be joined.
+   */
+  public String getProperty() {
+    return property;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this join is required to be an outer join.
+   */
+  public SqlJoinType getSqlJoinType() {
+    return joinType;
+  }
+  
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/SpiExpression.java

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
  */
 public interface SpiExpression extends Expression {
 
-	/**
-	 * Process "Many" properties populating ManyWhereJoins.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Predicates on Many properties require an extra independent
-     * join clause.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
+  /**
+   * Process "Many" properties populating ManyWhereJoins.
+   * <p>
+   * Predicates on Many properties require an extra independent join clause.
+   * </p>
+   */
 	public void containsMany(BeanDescriptor<?> desc, ManyWhereJoins whereManyJoins);
 	
 	/**

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/SpiExpressionFactory.java

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.ExpressionFactory;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.expression.FilterExprPath;
 
 public interface SpiExpressionFactory extends ExpressionFactory {
 
-    /**
-     * Create another expression factory with a given sub path.
-     */
-    public ExpressionFactory createExpressionFactory();//FilterExprPath prefix);
-    
+  /**
+   * Create another expression factory with a given sub path.
+   */
+  public ExpressionFactory createExpressionFactory();
+
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/SpiQuery.java

@@ -260,10 +260,25 @@ public interface SpiQuery<T> extends Query<T> {
      */
     public Boolean isAutofetch();
 
-//    /**
-//     * Return explicit forUpdate setting or null.
-//     */
-//    public boolean isForUpdate();
+    /**
+     * Set to true if you want to capture executed secondary queries. 
+     */
+    public void setLogSecondaryQuery(boolean logSecondaryQuery);
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if executed secondary queries should be captured.
+     */
+    public boolean isLogSecondaryQuery();
+
+    /**
+     * Return the list of secondary queries that were executed.
+     */
+    public List<SpiQuery<?>> getLoggedSecondaryQueries(); 
+    
+    /**
+     * Log an executed secondary query.
+     */
+    public void logSecondaryQuery(SpiQuery<?> query);
 
     /**
      * If return null then no autoFetch profiling for this query. If a
@@ -517,12 +532,24 @@ public interface SpiQuery<T> extends Query<T> {
      * Return the index of the first row to return in the query.
      */
     public int getFirstRow();
+    
+    /**
+     * Internally set by Ebean when this query must use the DISTINCT keyword.
+     * <p>
+     * This does not exclude/remove the use of the id property.
+     */
+    public Query<T> setSqlDistinct(boolean sqlDistinct);
 
     /**
-     * return true if this query uses DISTINCT.
+     * Return true if this query has been specified by a user or internally by Ebean to use DISTINCT.
+     */
+    public boolean isDistinctQuery();
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if this query has been specified by a user to use DISTINCT.
      */
     public boolean isDistinct();
-
+    
     /**
      * Set default select clauses where none have been explicitly defined.
      */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/api/SpiTransaction.java

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.persist.BatchControl;
  */
 public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
 
+  /**
+   * End the transaction when had query only use.
+   */
+  public void endQueryOnly();
+  
   /**
    * Return the string prefix with the transactin id and label used in logging.
    */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/cache/CachedBeanDataFromBean.java

@@ -15,10 +15,20 @@ public class CachedBeanDataFromBean {
     Object[] data = new Object[desc.getPropertyCount()];
     boolean[] loaded = new boolean[desc.getPropertyCount()];
     
+    BeanProperty idProperty = desc.getIdProperty();
+    if (idProperty != null) {
+      int propertyIndex = idProperty.getPropertyIndex();
+      if (ebi.isLoadedProperty(propertyIndex)) {
+        // extract the id property value
+        data[propertyIndex] = idProperty.getCacheDataValue(bean);
+        loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
+      }
+    }
     BeanProperty[] props = desc.propertiesNonMany();
 
     Object naturalKey = null;
 
+    // extract all the non-many properties
     for (int i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
       BeanProperty prop = props[i];
       if (ebi.isLoadedProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex())) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/cache/CachedBeanDataToBean.java

@@ -13,19 +13,17 @@ public class CachedBeanDataToBean {
     
     EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
 
+    
+    BeanProperty idProperty = desc.getIdProperty();
+    if (idProperty != null) {
+      // load the id property
+      loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, idProperty);
+    }
+    
+    // load the non-many properties
     BeanProperty[] props = desc.propertiesNonMany();
     for (int i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
-
-      BeanProperty prop = props[i];
-      int propertyIndex = prop.getPropertyIndex();
-      if (cacheBeanData.isLoaded(propertyIndex)) {
-        if (ebi.isLoadedProperty(propertyIndex)) {
-          // already loaded (lazy load on partially loaded bean)
-        } else {
-          Object data = cacheBeanData.getData(propertyIndex);
-          prop.setCacheDataValue(bean, data);
-        }
-      }
+      loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, props[i]);
     }
 
     BeanPropertyAssocMany<?>[] manys = desc.propertiesMany();
@@ -38,4 +36,17 @@ public class CachedBeanDataToBean {
     return true;
   }
 
+  private static void loadProperty(EntityBean bean, CachedBeanData cacheBeanData, EntityBeanIntercept ebi, BeanProperty prop) {
+   
+    int propertyIndex = prop.getPropertyIndex();
+    if (cacheBeanData.isLoaded(propertyIndex)) {
+      if (ebi.isLoadedProperty(propertyIndex)) {
+        // already loaded (lazy load on partially loaded bean)
+      } else {
+        Object data = cacheBeanData.getData(propertyIndex);
+        prop.setCacheDataValue(bean, data);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/cache/DefaultCacheHolder.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.cache;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.CacheTuning;
@@ -89,9 +88,7 @@ public class DefaultCacheHolder {
 	}
 
 	public void clearAll() {
-		Iterator<ServerCache> it = concMap.values().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			ServerCache serverCache = it.next();
+		for (ServerCache serverCache : concMap.values()) {
 			serverCache.clear();
 		}
 	}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/cache/DefaultServerCache.java

@@ -111,9 +111,7 @@ public class DefaultServerCache implements ServerCache {
 		
 		int hc = reset ? removedHitCount.getAndSet(0) : removedHitCount.get();
 		
-		Iterator<CacheEntry> it = map.values().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			CacheEntry cacheEntry = it.next();
+		for (CacheEntry cacheEntry : map.values()) {
 			hc += cacheEntry.getHitCount(reset);
 		}
 		
@@ -268,10 +266,6 @@ public class DefaultServerCache implements ServerCache {
 		return map.size();
 	}
 
-	private Iterator<CacheEntry> cacheEntries() {
-		return map.values().iterator();
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * The task used to periodically trim the cache.
 	 */
@@ -296,7 +290,7 @@ public class DefaultServerCache implements ServerCache {
 			long idleExpire = System.currentTimeMillis() - (maxIdleSecs*1000);
 			long ttlExpire = System.currentTimeMillis() - (maxSecsToLive*1000);
 
-			Iterator<CacheEntry> it = cacheEntries();
+			Iterator<CacheEntry> it = map.values().iterator();
 			while (it.hasNext()) {
 				CacheEntry cacheEntry = it.next();
 				if (maxIdleSecs > 0 && idleExpire > cacheEntry.getLastAccessTime()) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/BasicTypeConverter.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import java.sql.Types;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarTypeUUIDBinary;
 
 /**
  * Default implementation of TypeConverter.
@@ -192,6 +193,9 @@ public final class BasicTypeConverter implements Serializable {
 		if (value instanceof String) {
 			return UUID.fromString((String) value);
 		}
+		if (value instanceof byte[]) {
+		  return ScalarTypeUUIDBinary.convertFromBytes((byte[])value);
+		}
 		return (UUID) value;
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/BeanRequest.java

@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ public abstract class BeanRequest {
 
 	protected boolean createdTransaction;
 
-	protected boolean readOnly;
-
 	public BeanRequest(SpiEbeanServer ebeanServer, SpiTransaction t) {
 		this.ebeanServer = ebeanServer;
 		this.serverName = ebeanServer.getName();
@@ -62,29 +60,19 @@ public abstract class BeanRequest {
 			if (transaction == null || !transaction.isActive()) {
 				// create an implicit transaction to execute this query
 				transaction = ebeanServer.createServerTransaction(false, -1);
-				// commented out for performance reasons...
-				// TODO: review performance of trans.setReadOnly(true)
-				//if (readOnlyTransaction) {
-				//	readOnly = true;
-				//	transaction.setReadOnly(true);
-				//}
 				createdTransaction = true;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Commit this transaction if it was created for this request.
-	 */
-	public void commitTransIfRequired() {
-		if (createdTransaction) {
-			if (readOnly) {
-				transaction.rollback();
-			} else {
-				transaction.commit();
-			}
-		}
-	}
+  /**
+   * Commit this transaction if it was created for this request.
+   */
+  public void commitTransIfRequired() {
+    if (createdTransaction) {
+      transaction.commit();
+    }
+  }
 
 	/**
 	 * Rollback the transaction if it was created for this request.
@@ -128,17 +116,17 @@ public abstract class BeanRequest {
 		return transaction.getInternalConnection();
 	}
 
-    /**
-     * Return true if SQL should be logged for this transaction.
-     */
-    public boolean isLogSql() {
-        return transaction.isLogSql();
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Return true if SUMMARY information should be logged for this transaction.
-     */
-    public boolean isLogSummary() {
-        return transaction.isLogSummary();
-    }
+  /**
+   * Return true if SQL should be logged for this transaction.
+   */
+  public boolean isLogSql() {
+    return transaction.isLogSql();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if SUMMARY information should be logged for this transaction.
+   */
+  public boolean isLogSummary() {
+    return transaction.isLogSummary();
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/BootupClasses.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ import javax.persistence.Table;
 
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.CompoundType;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.ScalarTypeConverter;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.ServerConfig;
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ public class BootupClasses implements ClassPathSearchMatcher {
 
     public BootupClasses(List<Class<?>> list) {
         if (list != null) {
-            process(list.iterator());
+            for (Class<?> cls : list) {
+              isMatch(cls);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -83,13 +85,6 @@ public class BootupClasses implements ClassPathSearchMatcher {
         this.serverConfigStartupList.addAll(parent.serverConfigStartupList);
     }
 
-    private void process(Iterator<Class<?>> it) {
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-            Class<?> cls = it.next();
-            isMatch(cls);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create a copy of this object so that classes can be added to it.
      */
@@ -297,13 +292,6 @@ public class BootupClasses implements ClassPathSearchMatcher {
         return beanListenerList;
     }
 
-    public void add(Iterator<Class<?>> it) {
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-            Class<?> clazz = it.next();
-            isMatch(clazz);
-        }
-    }
-
     public boolean isMatch(Class<?> cls) {
 
         if (isEmbeddable(cls)) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/DatabasePlatformFactory.java

@@ -53,16 +53,16 @@ public class DatabasePlatformFactory {
   private DatabasePlatform byDatabaseName(String dbName) throws SQLException {
 
     dbName = dbName.toLowerCase();
-    if (dbName.equals("postgres83")) {
+    if (dbName.equals("postgres") || dbName.equals("postgres9")) {
       return new PostgresPlatform();
     }
+    if (dbName.equals("postgres8") || dbName.equals("postgres83")) {
+      return new Postgres8Platform();
+    }
     if (dbName.equals("oracle9")) {
       return new Oracle9Platform();
     }
-    if (dbName.equals("oracle10")) {
-      return new Oracle10Platform();
-    }
-    if (dbName.equals("oracle")) {
+    if (dbName.equals("oracle") || dbName.equals("oracle10")) {
       return new Oracle10Platform();
     }
     if (dbName.equals("sqlserver2005")) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/DefaultBeanLoader.java

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api.SpiQuery;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api.SpiQuery.Mode;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor.EntityType;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.StringHelper;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.DefaultPersistenceContext;
 
 /**
@@ -107,7 +109,19 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
     BeanDescriptor<?> desc = ctx.getBeanDescriptor();
 
     SpiQuery<?> query = (SpiQuery<?>) server.createQuery(many.getTargetType());
-
+    String orderBy = many.getLazyFetchOrderBy();
+    if (orderBy != null) {
+      query.orderBy(orderBy);
+    }
+    
+    String extraWhere = many.getExtraWhere();
+    if (extraWhere != null) {
+      // replace special ${ta} placeholder with the base table alias 
+      // which is always t0 and add the extra where clause
+      String ew = StringHelper.replaceString(extraWhere, "${ta}", "t0");
+      query.where().raw(ew);
+    }
+    
     query.setLazyLoadForParents(idList, many);
     many.addWhereParentIdIn(query, idList);
 
@@ -139,6 +153,9 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
         desc.cacheManyPropPut(many, bc, parentId);
       }
     }
+    
+    // log the query (for testing secondary queries)
+    loadRequest.logSecondaryQuery(query);
   }
 
   public void loadMany(BeanCollection<?> bc, boolean onlyIds) {
@@ -321,22 +338,33 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
       // necessary but allow processing to continue until it is accessed by client code
       ebis[i].checkLazyLoadFailure();
     }
+    
+    // log the query (for testing secondary queries)
+    loadRequest.logSecondaryQuery(query);
   }
 
 	public void refresh(EntityBean bean) {
-		refreshBeanInternal(bean, SpiQuery.Mode.REFRESH_BEAN);
+		refreshBeanInternal(bean, SpiQuery.Mode.REFRESH_BEAN, -1);
 	}
 	
 	public void loadBean(EntityBeanIntercept ebi) {
-		refreshBeanInternal(ebi.getOwner(), SpiQuery.Mode.LAZYLOAD_BEAN);
+		refreshBeanInternal(ebi.getOwner(), SpiQuery.Mode.LAZYLOAD_BEAN, -1);
 	}
 
-  private void refreshBeanInternal(EntityBean bean, SpiQuery.Mode mode) {
+  private void refreshBeanInternal(EntityBean bean, SpiQuery.Mode mode, int embeddedOwnerIndex) {
 
     EntityBeanIntercept ebi = ((EntityBean) bean)._ebean_getIntercept();;
     PersistenceContext pc = ebi.getPersistenceContext();
 
     BeanDescriptor<?> desc = server.getBeanDescriptor(bean.getClass());
+    if (EntityType.EMBEDDED == desc.getEntityType()) {
+      // lazy loading on an embedded bean property
+      EntityBean embeddedOwner = (EntityBean)ebi.getEmbeddedOwner();
+      int ownerIndex = ebi.getEmbeddedOwnerIndex();
+
+      refreshBeanInternal(embeddedOwner, mode, ownerIndex);
+    }
+    
     Object id = desc.getId(bean);
 
     if (pc == null) {
@@ -348,7 +376,7 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
       }
     }
 
-    if (ebi != null) {
+    if (embeddedOwnerIndex == -1) {
       if (SpiQuery.Mode.LAZYLOAD_BEAN.equals(mode) && desc.isBeanCaching()) {
         // lazy loading and the bean cache is active 
         if (desc.cacheBeanLoad((EntityBean)bean, ebi, id)) {
@@ -365,6 +393,11 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
       query.setLazyLoadProperty(ebi.getLazyLoadProperty());
     }
 
+    if (embeddedOwnerIndex > -1) {
+      String embeddedBeanPropertyName = ebi.getProperty(embeddedOwnerIndex);
+      query.select("id,"+embeddedBeanPropertyName);
+    }
+    
     // don't collect autoFetch usage profiling information
     // as we just copy the data out of these fetched beans
     // and put the data into the original bean
@@ -373,14 +406,22 @@ public class DefaultBeanLoader {
 
     query.setMode(mode);
     query.setId(id);
-    // make sure the query doesn't use the cache
-    if (mode.equals(SpiQuery.Mode.REFRESH_BEAN)) {
+
+    if (embeddedOwnerIndex > -1 || mode.equals(SpiQuery.Mode.REFRESH_BEAN)) {
+      // make sure the query doesn't use the cache
       query.setUseCache(false);
     }
 
-    if (ebi != null && ebi.isReadOnly()) {
+    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
       query.setReadOnly(true);
     }
+    
+    if (SpiQuery.Mode.REFRESH_BEAN.equals(mode)) {
+      // explicitly state to load all properties on REFRESH.
+      // Lobs default to fetch lazy so this forces lobs to be 
+      // included in a 'refresh' query
+      query.select("*");
+    }
 
     Object dbBean = query.findUnique();
     if (dbBean == null) {

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/DefaultServer.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.Filter;
 import com.avaje.ebean.FutureIds;
 import com.avaje.ebean.FutureList;
 import com.avaje.ebean.FutureRowCount;
+import com.avaje.ebean.PagedList;
 import com.avaje.ebean.PagingList;
 import com.avaje.ebean.Query;
 import com.avaje.ebean.QueryIterator;
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CallableQueryIds;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CallableQueryList;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CallableQueryRowCount;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CallableSqlQueryList;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.LimitOffsetPagedList;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.LimitOffsetPagingQuery;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.QueryFutureIds;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.QueryFutureList;
@@ -1110,7 +1112,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     // predicates on *ToMany properties
     if (query.initManyWhereJoins()) {
       // we need a sql distinct now
-      query.setDistinct(true);
+      query.setSqlDistinct(true);
     }
 
     boolean allowOneManyFetch = true;
@@ -1196,18 +1198,12 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     }
 
     SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> request = createQueryRequest(desc, spiQuery, t);
-
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
+      return (T) request.findId();
 
-      T bean = (T) request.findId();
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return bean;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1254,15 +1250,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
 
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      Set<T> set = (Set<T>) request.findSet();
+      return (Set<T>) request.findSet();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return set;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      // String stackTrace = throwablePrinter.print(ex);
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1278,15 +1269,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
 
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      Map<?, T> map = (Map<?, T>) request.findMap();
+      return (Map<?, T>) request.findMap();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return map;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      // String stackTrace = throwablePrinter.print(ex);
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1301,14 +1287,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> request = createQueryRequest(Type.ROWCOUNT, query, t);
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      int rowCount = request.findRowCount();
+      return request.findRowCount();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return rowCount;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1324,14 +1306,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> request = createQueryRequest(Type.ID_LIST, query, t);
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      List<Object> list = request.findIds();
+      return request.findIds();
+      
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return list;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1419,6 +1397,12 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     return new LimitOffsetPagingQuery<T>(this, spiQuery, pageSize);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public <T> PagedList<T> findPagedList(Query<T> query, Transaction transaction, int pageIndex, int pageSize) {
+    
+    return new LimitOffsetPagedList<T>(this, (SpiQuery<T>)query, pageIndex, pageSize);
+  }
+
   public <T> void findVisit(Query<T> query, QueryResultVisitor<T> visitor, Transaction t) {
 
     SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> request = createQueryRequest(Type.LIST, query, t);
@@ -1426,10 +1410,8 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
       request.findVisit(visitor);
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
+    } finally {
+      // do nothing - findVisit garuntee's cleanup of the transaction if required
     }
   }
 
@@ -1440,10 +1422,9 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
       return request.findIterate();
-      // request.endTransIfRequired();
-
+      
     } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
+      request.endTransIfRequired();
       throw ex;
     }
   }
@@ -1460,14 +1441,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
 
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      List<T> list = request.findList();
+      return request.findList();
+      
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return list;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1510,14 +1487,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
 
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      List<SqlRow> list = request.findList();
+      return request.findList();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return list;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1527,14 +1500,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
 
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      Set<SqlRow> set = request.findSet();
+      return request.findSet();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return set;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1543,14 +1512,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     RelationalQueryRequest request = new RelationalQueryRequest(this, relationalQueryEngine, query, t);
     try {
       request.initTransIfRequired();
-      Map<?, SqlRow> map = request.findMap();
+      return request.findMap();
+
+    } finally {
       request.endTransIfRequired();
-
-      return map;
-
-    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
-      request.rollbackTransIfRequired();
-      throw ex;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1568,6 +1533,16 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiEbeanServer {
     persister.save(checkEntityBean(bean), t);
   }
 
+  
+  @Override
+  public void markAsDirty(Object bean) {
+    if (bean instanceof EntityBean == false) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("This bean is not an EntityBean?");
+    }
+    // mark the bean as dirty (so that an update will not get skipped)
+    ((EntityBean)bean)._ebean_getIntercept().setDirty(true); 
+  }
+
   /**
    * Update the bean using the default 'updatesDeleteMissingChildren' setting. 
    */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/DefaultServerFactory.java

@@ -1,22 +1,3 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2006  Robin Bygrave
- * 
- * This file is part of Ebean.
- * 
- * Ebean is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
- * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *  
- * Ebean is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 
- * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
- * 
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- * along with Ebean; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
- * 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA  
- */
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core;
 
 import java.sql.Connection;

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/InternalConfiguration.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core;
 
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse.DeployCreateProperties;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse.DeployInherit;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse.DeployUtil;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.expression.DefaultExpressionFactory;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.sql.DataSourcePool;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.persist.Binder;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.persist.DefaultPersister;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CQueryEngine;
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.resource.ResourceManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.resource.ResourceManagerFactory;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.text.json.DJsonContext;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.text.json.DefaultJsonValueAdapter;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.AutoCommitTransactionManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.DefaultTransactionScopeManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.ExternalTransactionScopeManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.JtaTransactionManager;
@@ -42,8 +46,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.TypeManager;
 /**
  * Used to extend the ServerConfig with additional objects used to configure and
  * construct an EbeanServer.
- * 
- * @author rbygrave
  */
 public class InternalConfiguration {
 
@@ -113,8 +115,7 @@ public class InternalConfiguration {
     this.beanDescriptorManager = new BeanDescriptorManager(this);
     beanDescriptorManager.deploy();
 
-    this.transactionManager = new TransactionManager(clusterManager, backgroundExecutor,
-        serverConfig, beanDescriptorManager, this.getBootupClasses());
+    this.transactionManager = createTransactionManager();
 
     this.cQueryEngine = new CQueryEngine(serverConfig.getDatabasePlatform(), binder);
 
@@ -131,6 +132,34 @@ public class InternalConfiguration {
     }
 
   }
+  
+  /**
+   * Create the TransactionManager taking into account autoCommit mode.
+   */
+  private TransactionManager createTransactionManager() {
+    
+    if (isAutoCommitMode()) {
+      return new AutoCommitTransactionManager(clusterManager, backgroundExecutor, serverConfig, beanDescriptorManager, this.getBootupClasses());
+    }
+    
+    return new TransactionManager(clusterManager, backgroundExecutor, serverConfig, beanDescriptorManager, this.getBootupClasses());
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Return true if autoCommit mode is on.
+   */
+  private boolean isAutoCommitMode() {
+    if (serverConfig.isAutoCommitMode()) {
+      // explicitly set
+      return true;
+    }
+    DataSource dataSource = serverConfig.getDataSource();
+    if (dataSource instanceof DataSourcePool && ((DataSourcePool)dataSource).getAutoCommit()) {
+      // We know the DataSourcePool is using autoCommit
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
 
   public JsonContext createJsonContext(SpiEbeanServer server) {
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/OrmQueryRequest.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.DeployPropertyParserMap;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.loadcontext.DLoadContext;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CQueryPlan;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.CancelableQuery;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.DefaultPersistenceContext;
 
 /**
  * Wraps the objects involved in executing a Query.
@@ -43,18 +44,18 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
 
   private final BeanFinder<T> finder;
 
-  private final LoadContext graphContext;
-
   private final Boolean readOnly;
 
   private final RawSql rawSql;
 
+  private LoadContext loadContext;
+
   private PersistenceContext persistenceContext;
 
   private HashQuery cacheKey;
 
   private HashQueryPlan queryPlanHash;
-
+  
   /**
    * Create the InternalQueryRequest.
    */
@@ -68,13 +69,10 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
     this.queryEngine = queryEngine;
     this.query = query;
     this.readOnly = query.isReadOnly();
-
-    this.graphContext = new DLoadContext(ebeanServer, beanDescriptor, readOnly, query);
-    graphContext.registerSecondaryQueries(query);
   }
 
   public void executeSecondaryQueries(int defaultQueryBatch) {
-    graphContext.executeSecondaryQueries(this, defaultQueryBatch);
+    loadContext.executeSecondaryQueries(this, defaultQueryBatch);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
    * </p>
    */
   public int getSecondaryQueriesMinBatchSize(int defaultQueryBatch) {
-    return graphContext.getSecondaryQueriesMinBatchSize(this, defaultQueryBatch);
+    return loadContext.getSecondaryQueriesMinBatchSize(this, defaultQueryBatch);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
    * Return the graph context for this query.
    */
   public LoadContext getGraphContext() {
-    return graphContext;
+    return loadContext;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -165,10 +163,20 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
         createdTransaction = true;
       }
     }
+    // initialise the persistenceContext and loadContext
     this.persistenceContext = getPersistenceContext(query, transaction);
-    this.graphContext.setPersistenceContext(persistenceContext);
+    this.loadContext = new DLoadContext(this);
+    this.loadContext.registerSecondaryQueries(query);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * For iterate queries reset the persistenceContext and loadContext.
+   */
+  public void flushPersistenceContextOnIterate() {
+    persistenceContext = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
+    loadContext.setPersistenceContext(persistenceContext);
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Get the TransactionContext either explicitly set on the query or
    * transaction scoped.
@@ -185,14 +193,12 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
   /**
    * Will end a locally created transaction.
    * <p>
-   * It ends the transaction by using a rollback() as the transaction is known
-   * to be readOnly.
+   * It ends the query only transaction.
    * </p>
    */
   public void endTransIfRequired() {
     if (createdTransaction) {
-      // we can rollback as readOnly transaction
-      transaction.rollback();
+      transaction.endQueryOnly();
     }
   }
 
@@ -354,13 +360,14 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements BeanQueryRe
    * Log the SQL if the logLevel is appropriate.
    */
   public void logSql(String sql) {
-    if (transaction.isLogSql()) {
-      transaction.logSql(sql);
-    }
+    transaction.logSql(sql);
   }
 
-  public void flushPersistenceContextOnIterate() {
-    beanDescriptor.flushPersistenceContextOnIterate(persistenceContext);
+  /**
+   * Return true if the request wants to log the secondary queries (test purpose).
+   */
+  public boolean isLogSecondaryQuery() {
+    return query.isLogSecondaryQuery();
   }
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/PersistRequestBean.java

@@ -34,106 +34,101 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.BeanPersistIdMap;
  */
 public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanPersistRequest<T> {
 
-	private final BeanManager<T> beanManager;
+  private final BeanManager<T> beanManager;
 
-	private final BeanDescriptor<T> beanDescriptor;
+  private final BeanDescriptor<T> beanDescriptor;
 
-	private final BeanPersistListener<T> beanPersistListener;
+  private final BeanPersistListener<T> beanPersistListener;
 
-	/**
-	 * For per post insert update delete control.
-	 */
-	private final BeanPersistController controller;
+  /**
+   * For per post insert update delete control.
+   */
+  private final BeanPersistController controller;
 
-	 /**
+  /**
    * The bean being persisted.
    */
-	private final T bean;
-  
-	private final EntityBean entityBean;
-  
-	/**
-	 * The associated intercept.
-	 */
-	private final EntityBeanIntercept intercept;
+  private final T bean;
 
-	/**
-	 * The parent bean for unidirectional save.
-	 */
-	private final Object parentBean;
+  private final EntityBean entityBean;
 
-	private final boolean dirty;
+  /**
+   * The associated intercept.
+   */
+  private final EntityBeanIntercept intercept;
 
-	private ConcurrencyMode concurrencyMode;
+  /**
+   * The parent bean for unidirectional save.
+   */
+  private final Object parentBean;
 
-	/**
-	 * The unique id used for logging summary.
-	 */
-	private Object idValue;
+  private final boolean dirty;
 
-	/**
-	 * Hash value used to handle cascade delete both ways in a relationship.
-	 */
-	private Integer beanHash;
+  private ConcurrencyMode concurrencyMode;
 
-	private boolean notifyCache;
+  /**
+   * The unique id used for logging summary.
+   */
+  private Object idValue;
 
-	private boolean deleteMissingChildren;
-	
-	private final Set<String> dirtyPropertyNames;
+  /**
+   * Hash value used to handle cascade delete both ways in a relationship.
+   */
+  private Integer beanHash;
+
+  private boolean notifyCache;
+
+  private boolean deleteMissingChildren;
 
   /**
    * Flag used to detect when only many properties where updated via a cascade. Used to ensure
    * appropriate caches are updated in that case.
    */
-	private boolean updatedManysOnly;
-	
-	/**
-	 * Many properties that were cascade saved (and hence might need caches updated later).
-	 */
+  private boolean updatedManysOnly;
+
+  /**
+   * Many properties that were cascade saved (and hence might need caches updated later).
+   */
   private List<BeanPropertyAssocMany<?>> updatedManys;
 
-	public PersistRequestBean(SpiEbeanServer server, T bean, Object parentBean, BeanManager<T> mgr,
-	        SpiTransaction t, PersistExecute persistExecute, PersistRequest.Type type) {
+  public PersistRequestBean(SpiEbeanServer server, T bean, Object parentBean, BeanManager<T> mgr, SpiTransaction t,
+      PersistExecute persistExecute, PersistRequest.Type type, boolean saveRecurse) {
 
-		super(server, t, persistExecute);
-    this.entityBean = (EntityBean)bean;
+    super(server, t, persistExecute);
+    this.entityBean = (EntityBean) bean;
     this.intercept = entityBean._ebean_getIntercept();
-		this.beanManager = mgr;
-		this.beanDescriptor = mgr.getBeanDescriptor();
-		this.beanPersistListener = beanDescriptor.getPersistListener();
-
-    if (PersistRequest.Type.DETERMINE != type) {
-      this.type = type;
-    } else {
-      // determine mode during cascade save (supporting stateless update)
-      this.type = beanDescriptor.isInsertMode(intercept) ? Type.INSERT : Type.UPDATE;
+    this.beanManager = mgr;
+    this.beanDescriptor = mgr.getBeanDescriptor();
+    this.beanPersistListener = beanDescriptor.getPersistListener();
+    this.bean = bean;
+    this.parentBean = parentBean;
+    this.controller = beanDescriptor.getPersistController();
+    this.type = type;
+    
+    if (saveRecurse) {
       this.persistCascade = t.isPersistCascade();
     }
-		
-    if (this.type == Type.UPDATE && intercept.isNew() ) {
-      // 'stateless update' - set bean up for doing update
-      intercept.setNewBeanForUpdate();
+
+    if (this.type == Type.UPDATE) {
+      if (intercept.isNew()) {
+        // 'stateless update' - set loaded properties as dirty
+        intercept.setNewBeanForUpdate();
+      }
+      // Mark Mutable scalar properties (like Hstore) as dirty where necessary
+      beanDescriptor.checkMutableProperties(intercept);
     }
-
-    // derive the set of property names now as we will pass them to a beanPersistListener later
-		this.dirtyPropertyNames = (beanPersistListener == null) ? null : intercept.getDirtyPropertyNames();
-		
-		this.bean = bean;
-		this.parentBean = parentBean;
-		this.controller = beanDescriptor.getPersistController();
     this.concurrencyMode = beanDescriptor.getConcurrencyMode(intercept);
-		this.dirty = intercept.isDirty();
-	}
+    this.dirty = intercept.isDirty();
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if this is an insert request.
-	 */
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is an insert request.
+   */
   public boolean isInsert() {
     return Type.INSERT == type;
   }
-  
-	@Override
+
+  @Override
   public Set<String> getLoadedProperties() {
     return intercept.getLoadedPropertyNames();
   }
@@ -148,18 +143,18 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
     return intercept.getDirtyValues();
   }
 
-	public boolean isNotify(TransactionEvent txnEvent) {
-	  this.notifyCache = beanDescriptor.isCacheNotify();
-		return notifyCache || isNotifyPersistListener();
-	}
+  public boolean isNotify(TransactionEvent txnEvent) {
+    this.notifyCache = beanDescriptor.isCacheNotify();
+    return notifyCache || isNotifyPersistListener();
+  }
 
-	public boolean isNotifyPersistListener() {
-		return beanPersistListener != null;
-	}
+  public boolean isNotifyPersistListener() {
+    return beanPersistListener != null;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Notify/Update the local L2 cache after the transaction has successfully committed.
-	 */
+  /**
+   * Notify/Update the local L2 cache after the transaction has successfully committed.
+   */
   public void notifyCache() {
     if (notifyCache) {
       switch (type) {
@@ -178,414 +173,416 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
     }
   }
 
-	public void addToPersistMap(BeanPersistIdMap beanPersistMap) {
+  public void addToPersistMap(BeanPersistIdMap beanPersistMap) {
 
-	  beanPersistMap.add(beanDescriptor, type, idValue);
-	}
+    beanPersistMap.add(beanDescriptor, type, idValue);
+  }
 
-	public boolean notifyLocalPersistListener() {
-		if (beanPersistListener == null) {
-			return false;
+  public boolean notifyLocalPersistListener() {
+    if (beanPersistListener == null) {
+      return false;
 
-		} else {
-			switch (type) {
-			case INSERT:
-				return beanPersistListener.inserted(bean);
+    } else {
+      switch (type) {
+      case INSERT:
+        return beanPersistListener.inserted(bean);
 
-			case UPDATE:
-				return beanPersistListener.updated(bean, dirtyPropertyNames);
+      case UPDATE:
+        return beanPersistListener.updated(bean, intercept.getDirtyPropertyNames());
 
-			case DELETE:
-				return beanPersistListener.deleted(bean);
+      case DELETE:
+        return beanPersistListener.deleted(bean);
 
-			default:
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+      default:
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
-	public boolean isParent(Object o) {
-		return o == parentBean;
-	}
+  public boolean isParent(Object o) {
+    return o == parentBean;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if this bean has been already been persisted 
-	 * (inserted or updated) in this transaction.
-	 */
-	public boolean isRegisteredBean() {
-		return transaction.isRegisteredBean(bean);
-	}
-	
-	public void unRegisterBean() {
-		transaction.unregisterBean(bean);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * The hash used to register the bean with the transaction.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Takes into account the class type and id value.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	private Integer getBeanHash() {
-		if (beanHash == null) {
-			Object id = beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
-			int hc = 31 * bean.getClass().getName().hashCode();
-			if (id != null) {
-				hc += id.hashCode();
-			}
-			beanHash = Integer.valueOf(hc);
-		}
-		return beanHash;
-	}
-	
-	public void registerDeleteBean() {
-		Integer hash = getBeanHash();
-		transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
-	}
-	
-	public void unregisterDeleteBean() {
-		Integer hash = getBeanHash();
-		transaction.unregisterDeleteBean(hash);
-	}
-	
-	public boolean isRegisteredForDeleteBean() {
-		if (transaction == null){
-			return false;
-		} else {
-			Integer hash = getBeanHash();
-			return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
-		}
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return true if this bean has been already been persisted (inserted or updated) in this
+   * transaction.
+   */
+  public boolean isRegisteredBean() {
+    return transaction.isRegisteredBean(bean);
+  }
 
-	public BeanManager<T> getBeanManager() {
-		return beanManager;
-	}
+  public void unRegisterBean() {
+    transaction.unregisterBean(bean);
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the BeanDescriptor for the associated bean.
-	 */
-	public BeanDescriptor<T> getBeanDescriptor() {
-		return beanDescriptor;
-	}
+  /**
+   * The hash used to register the bean with the transaction.
+   * <p>
+   * Takes into account the class type and id value.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  private Integer getBeanHash() {
+    if (beanHash == null) {
+      Object id = beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
+      int hc = 31 * bean.getClass().getName().hashCode();
+      if (id != null) {
+        hc += id.hashCode();
+      }
+      beanHash = Integer.valueOf(hc);
+    }
+    return beanHash;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if a stateless update should also delete any missing details
-	 * beans.
-	 */
-	public boolean isDeleteMissingChildren() {
-		return deleteMissingChildren;
-	}
+  public void registerDeleteBean() {
+    Integer hash = getBeanHash();
+    transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Set if deleteMissingChildren occurs on cascade save to OneToMany or ManyToMany.
-	 */
-	public void setDeleteMissingChildren(boolean deleteMissingChildren) {
-		this.deleteMissingChildren = deleteMissingChildren;
-	}
+  public void unregisterDeleteBean() {
+    Integer hash = getBeanHash();
+    transaction.unregisterDeleteBean(hash);
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Used to skip updates if we know the bean is not dirty. This is the case
-	 * for EntityBeans that have not been modified.
-	 */
-	public boolean isDirty() {
-		return dirty;
-	}
+  public boolean isRegisteredForDeleteBean() {
+    if (transaction == null) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      Integer hash = getBeanHash();
+      return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the concurrency mode used for this persist.
-	 */
-	public ConcurrencyMode getConcurrencyMode() {
-		return concurrencyMode;
-	}
+  public BeanManager<T> getBeanManager() {
+    return beanManager;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Returns a description of the request. This is typically the bean class
-	 * name or the base table for MapBeans.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Used to determine common persist requests for queueing and statement
-	 * batching.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public String getFullName() {
-		return beanDescriptor.getFullName();
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the BeanDescriptor for the associated bean.
+   */
+  public BeanDescriptor<T> getBeanDescriptor() {
+    return beanDescriptor;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the bean associated with this request.
-	 */
-	public T getBean() {
-		return bean;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return true if a stateless update should also delete any missing details beans.
+   */
+  public boolean isDeleteMissingChildren() {
+    return deleteMissingChildren;
+  }
 
-	
-	public EntityBean getEntityBean() {
+  /**
+   * Set if deleteMissingChildren occurs on cascade save to OneToMany or ManyToMany.
+   */
+  public void setDeleteMissingChildren(boolean deleteMissingChildren) {
+    this.deleteMissingChildren = deleteMissingChildren;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare the update after potential modifications in a BeanPersistController.
+   */
+  public void postControllerPrepareUpdate() {
+    if (intercept.isNew() && controller != null) {
+      // 'stateless update' - set dirty properties modified in controller preUpdate
+      intercept.setNewBeanForUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used to skip updates if we know the bean is not dirty. This is the case for EntityBeans that
+   * have not been modified.
+   */
+  public boolean isDirty() {
+    return dirty;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the concurrency mode used for this persist.
+   */
+  public ConcurrencyMode getConcurrencyMode() {
+    return concurrencyMode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a description of the request. This is typically the bean class name or the base table
+   * for MapBeans.
+   * <p>
+   * Used to determine common persist requests for queueing and statement batching.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public String getFullName() {
+    return beanDescriptor.getFullName();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the bean associated with this request.
+   */
+  public T getBean() {
+    return bean;
+  }
+
+  public EntityBean getEntityBean() {
     return entityBean;
   }
 
   /**
-	 * Return the Id value for the bean.
-	 */
-	public Object getBeanId() {
-		return beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
-	}
+   * Return the Id value for the bean.
+   */
+  public Object getBeanId() {
+    return beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
+  }
 
-	public BeanDelta createDeltaBean() {
-		return new BeanDelta(beanDescriptor, getBeanId());
-	}
+  public BeanDelta createDeltaBean() {
+    return new BeanDelta(beanDescriptor, getBeanId());
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the parent bean for cascading save with unidirectional
-	 * relationship.
-	 */
-	public Object getParentBean() {
-		return parentBean;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the parent bean for cascading save with unidirectional relationship.
+   */
+  public Object getParentBean() {
+    return parentBean;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the controller if there is one associated with this type of bean.
-	 * This returns null if there is no controller associated.
-	 */
-	public BeanPersistController getBeanController() {
-		return controller;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the controller if there is one associated with this type of bean. This returns null if
+   * there is no controller associated.
+   */
+  public BeanPersistController getBeanController() {
+    return controller;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the intercept if there is one.
-	 */
-	public EntityBeanIntercept getEntityBeanIntercept() {
-		return intercept;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the intercept if there is one.
+   */
+  public EntityBeanIntercept getEntityBeanIntercept() {
+    return intercept;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if this property is loaded (full bean or included in partial
-	 * bean).
-	 */
-	public boolean isLoadedProperty(BeanProperty prop) {
-	  return intercept.isLoadedProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex());
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return true if this property is loaded (full bean or included in partial bean).
+   */
+  public boolean isLoadedProperty(BeanProperty prop) {
+    return intercept.isLoadedProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex());
+  }
 
-	@Override
-	public int executeNow() {
-		switch (type) {
-		case INSERT:
-			persistExecute.executeInsertBean(this);
-			return -1;
+  @Override
+  public int executeNow() {
+    switch (type) {
+    case INSERT:
+      persistExecute.executeInsertBean(this);
+      return -1;
 
-		case UPDATE:
-			persistExecute.executeUpdateBean(this);
-			return -1;
+    case UPDATE:
+      persistExecute.executeUpdateBean(this);
+      return -1;
 
-		case DELETE:
-			persistExecute.executeDeleteBean(this);
-			return -1;
+    case DELETE:
+      persistExecute.executeDeleteBean(this);
+      return -1;
 
-		default:
-			throw new RuntimeException("Invalid type " + type);
-		}
-	}
+    default:
+      throw new RuntimeException("Invalid type " + type);
+    }
+  }
 
-	@Override
-	public int executeOrQueue() {
+  @Override
+  public int executeOrQueue() {
 
-		boolean batch = transaction.isBatchThisRequest();
+    boolean batch = transaction.isBatchThisRequest();
 
-		BatchControl control = transaction.getBatchControl();
-		if (control != null) {
-			return control.executeOrQueue(this, batch);
-		}
-		if (batch) {
-			control = persistExecute.createBatchControl(transaction);
-			return control.executeOrQueue(this, batch);
+    BatchControl control = transaction.getBatchControl();
+    if (control != null) {
+      return control.executeOrQueue(this, batch);
+    }
+    if (batch) {
+      control = persistExecute.createBatchControl(transaction);
+      return control.executeOrQueue(this, batch);
 
-		} else {
-			return executeNow();
-		}
-	}
+    } else {
+      return executeNow();
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Set the generated key back to the bean. Only used for inserts with
-	 * getGeneratedKeys.
-	 */
-	public void setGeneratedKey(Object idValue) {
-		if (idValue != null) {
-			// remember it for logging summary
-			this.idValue = beanDescriptor.convertSetId(idValue, entityBean);
-		}
-	}
+  /**
+   * Set the generated key back to the bean. Only used for inserts with getGeneratedKeys.
+   */
+  public void setGeneratedKey(Object idValue) {
+    if (idValue != null) {
+      // remember it for logging summary
+      this.idValue = beanDescriptor.convertSetId(idValue, entityBean);
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Set the Id value that was bound. Used for the purposes of logging summary
-	 * information on this request.
-	 */
-	public void setBoundId(Object idValue) {
-		this.idValue = idValue;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Set the Id value that was bound. Used for the purposes of logging summary information on this
+   * request.
+   */
+  public void setBoundId(Object idValue) {
+    this.idValue = idValue;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Check for optimistic concurrency exception.
-	 */
-	public final void checkRowCount(int rowCount) throws SQLException {
-		if (rowCount != 1) {
-			String m = Message.msg("persist.conc2", "" + rowCount);
-			throw new OptimisticLockException(m, null, bean);
-		}
-	}
+  /**
+   * Check for optimistic concurrency exception.
+   */
+  public final void checkRowCount(int rowCount) throws SQLException {
+    if (rowCount != 1) {
+      String m = Message.msg("persist.conc2", "" + rowCount);
+      throw new OptimisticLockException(m, null, bean);
+    }
+  }
 
-	public void postDelete() {
-	  
-	  // Delete the bean from the PersistenceContent
-	  transaction.getPersistenceContext().clear(beanDescriptor.getBeanType(), idValue);
-	  // Delete from cache early even if transaction fails
-	  beanDescriptor.cacheHandleDelete(idValue, this);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Post processing.
-	 */
-	public void postExecute() throws SQLException {
+  public void postDelete() {
 
-		if (controller != null) {
-			controllerPost();
-		}
+    // Delete the bean from the PersistenceContent
+    transaction.getPersistenceContext().clear(beanDescriptor.getBeanType(), idValue);
+    // Delete from cache early even if transaction fails
+    beanDescriptor.cacheHandleDelete(idValue, this);
+  }
 
-		if (intercept != null) {
-			// if bean persisted again then should result in an update
-			intercept.setLoaded();
-		}
+  /**
+   * Post processing.
+   */
+  public void postExecute() throws SQLException {
 
-		addEvent();
+    if (controller != null) {
+      controllerPost();
+    }
 
-		if (isLogSummary()) {
-			logSummary();
-		}
-	}
+    if (intercept != null) {
+      // if bean persisted again then should result in an update
+      intercept.setLoaded();
+    }
 
-	private void controllerPost() {
-		switch (type) {
-		case INSERT:
-			controller.postInsert(this);
-			break;
-		case UPDATE:
-			controller.postUpdate(this);
-			break;
-		case DELETE:
-			controller.postDelete(this);
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+    addEvent();
 
-	private void logSummary() {
+    if (isLogSummary()) {
+      logSummary();
+    }
+  }
 
-		String name = beanDescriptor.getName();
-		switch (type) {
-		case INSERT:
-			transaction.logSummary("Inserted [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
-			break;
-		case UPDATE:
-			transaction.logSummary("Updated [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
-			break;
-		case DELETE:
-			transaction.logSummary("Deleted [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+  private void controllerPost() {
+    switch (type) {
+    case INSERT:
+      controller.postInsert(this);
+      break;
+    case UPDATE:
+      controller.postUpdate(this);
+      break;
+    case DELETE:
+      controller.postDelete(this);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Add the bean to the TransactionEvent. This will be used by
-	 * TransactionManager to synch Cache, Cluster and text indexes.
-	 */
-	private void addEvent() {
+  private void logSummary() {
 
-		TransactionEvent event = transaction.getEvent();
-		if (event != null) {
-			event.add(this);
-		}
-	}
+    String name = beanDescriptor.getName();
+    switch (type) {
+    case INSERT:
+      transaction.logSummary("Inserted [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
+      break;
+    case UPDATE:
+      transaction.logSummary("Updated [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
+      break;
+    case DELETE:
+      transaction.logSummary("Deleted [" + name + "] [" + idValue + "]");
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Determine the concurrency mode depending on fully/partially populated
-	 * bean.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Specifically with version concurrency we want to check that the version
-	 * property was one of the loaded properties.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public ConcurrencyMode determineConcurrencyMode() {
-		
-		// 'partial bean' update/delete...
-		if (concurrencyMode.equals(ConcurrencyMode.VERSION)) {
-			// check the version property was loaded
-			BeanProperty prop = beanDescriptor.getVersionProperty();
-			if (prop != null && intercept.isLoadedProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex())) {
-				// OK to use version property
-			} else {
-				concurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.NONE;
-			}
-		}
-	
-		return concurrencyMode;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Add the bean to the TransactionEvent. This will be used by TransactionManager to synch Cache,
+   * Cluster and text indexes.
+   */
+  private void addEvent() {
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if the update DML/SQL must be dynamically generated.
-	 * <p>
-	 * This is the case for updates/deletes of partially populated beans.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public boolean isDynamicUpdateSql() {
-		return beanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly() || !intercept.isFullyLoadedBean();
-	}
+    TransactionEvent event = transaction.getEvent();
+    if (event != null) {
+      event.add(this);
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Create a GenerateDmlRequest used to generate the DML.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Will used changed properties or loaded properties depending on the
-	 * BeanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly() value.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public GenerateDmlRequest createGenerateDmlRequest(boolean emptyStringAsNull) {
-	  return new GenerateDmlRequest(emptyStringAsNull, intercept, beanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly());
-	}
+  /**
+   * Determine the concurrency mode depending on fully/partially populated bean.
+   * <p>
+   * Specifically with version concurrency we want to check that the version property was one of the
+   * loaded properties.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public ConcurrencyMode determineConcurrencyMode() {
 
-	/**
-	 * Test if the property value has changed and if so include it in the
-	 * update.
-	 */
-	public boolean isAddToUpdate(BeanProperty prop) {
-	  return intercept.isDirtyProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex());
-	}
+    // 'partial bean' update/delete...
+    if (concurrencyMode.equals(ConcurrencyMode.VERSION)) {
+      // check the version property was loaded
+      BeanProperty prop = beanDescriptor.getVersionProperty();
+      if (prop != null && intercept.isLoadedProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex())) {
+        // OK to use version property
+      } else {
+        concurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.NONE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return concurrencyMode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the update DML/SQL must be dynamically generated.
+   * <p>
+   * This is the case for updates/deletes of partially populated beans.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public boolean isDynamicUpdateSql() {
+    return beanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly() || !intercept.isFullyLoadedBean();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a GenerateDmlRequest used to generate the DML.
+   * <p>
+   * Will used changed properties or loaded properties depending on the
+   * BeanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly() value.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public GenerateDmlRequest createGenerateDmlRequest(boolean emptyStringAsNull) {
+    return new GenerateDmlRequest(emptyStringAsNull, intercept, beanDescriptor.isUpdateChangesOnly());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test if the property value has changed and if so include it in the update.
+   */
+  public boolean isAddToUpdate(BeanProperty prop) {
+    return intercept.isDirtyProperty(prop.getPropertyIndex());
+  }
 
   public List<DerivedRelationshipData> getDerivedRelationships() {
     return transaction.getDerivedRelationship(bean);
   }
 
   public void postInsert() {
-    // mark all properties as loaded after an insert to support immediate update 
+    // mark all properties as loaded after an insert to support immediate update
     int len = intercept.getPropertyLength();
     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      intercept.setLoadedProperty(i);      
+      intercept.setLoadedProperty(i);
     }
   }
 
   public boolean isReference() {
     return beanDescriptor.isReference(intercept);
   }
-  
+
   /**
    * This many property has been cascade saved. Keep note of this and update the 'many property'
    * cache on post commit.
    */
   public void addUpdatedManyProperty(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> updatedAssocMany) {
-    //if (notifyCache) {
-      if (updatedManys == null) {
-        updatedManys = new ArrayList<BeanPropertyAssocMany<?>>(5);
-      }
-      updatedManys.add(updatedAssocMany);
-    //}
+    // if (notifyCache) {
+    if (updatedManys == null) {
+      updatedManys = new ArrayList<BeanPropertyAssocMany<?>>(5);
+    }
+    updatedManys.add(updatedAssocMany);
+    // }
   }
 
   /**

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/RelationalQueryRequest.java

@@ -40,15 +40,6 @@ public final class RelationalQueryRequest {
         this.trans = (SpiTransaction) t;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Rollback the transaction if it was created for this request.
-     */
-    public void rollbackTransIfRequired() {
-        if (createdTransaction) {
-            trans.rollback();
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Create a transaction if none currently exists.
      */
@@ -58,10 +49,6 @@ public final class RelationalQueryRequest {
             if (trans == null || !trans.isActive()) {
                 // create a local readOnly transaction
                 trans = ebeanServer.createServerTransaction(false, -1);
-
-                // commented out for performance reasons...
-                // TODO: review performance of trans.setReadOnly(true)
-                // trans.setReadOnly(true);
                 createdTransaction = true;
             }
         }
@@ -72,8 +59,7 @@ public final class RelationalQueryRequest {
      */
     public void endTransIfRequired() {
         if (createdTransaction) {
-            // we can rollback as a readOnly transaction.
-            trans.rollback();
+            trans.endQueryOnly();
         }
     }
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/core/SpiOrmQueryRequest.java

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ public interface SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> {
      */
     public void endTransIfRequired();
 
-    public void rollbackTransIfRequired();
-
     /**
      * Execute the query as findById.
      */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/ddl/CreateIndexVisitor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.ddl;
+
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocOne;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyCompound;
+
+/**
+ * A visitor that creates indexes for columns annotated with ColumnIndex
+ *
+ * @author rvbiljouw
+ * @see com.avaje.ebean.annotation.Index
+ */
+public class CreateIndexVisitor extends AbstractBeanVisitor {
+    private final IndexPropertyVisitor iv;
+
+    public CreateIndexVisitor(DdlGenContext ctx) {
+        this.iv = new IndexPropertyVisitor(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitBegin() {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean visitBean(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+        return descriptor.isInheritanceRoot();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PropertyVisitor visitProperty(BeanProperty p) {
+        return iv;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitBeanEnd(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+        visitInheritanceProperties(descriptor, iv);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitEnd() {
+
+    }
+
+    private static final class IndexPropertyVisitor extends BaseTablePropertyVisitor {
+        private final DdlGenContext ctx;
+
+        public IndexPropertyVisitor(DdlGenContext ctx) {
+            this.ctx = ctx;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitEmbeddedScalar(BeanProperty p, BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embedded) {
+
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitOneImported(BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> p) {
+
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitScalar(BeanProperty p) {
+            String baseTable = p.getBeanDescriptor().getBaseTable();
+            if (p.isIndexed()) {
+                String indexName = p.getIndexName();
+                if (indexName.length() == 0) {
+                    indexName = ctx.getDdlSyntax().getIndexName(baseTable, p.getDbColumn(), ctx.incrementIxCount());
+                }
+                ctx.write("create index ")
+                        .write(indexName)
+                        .write(" on ")
+                        .write(baseTable)
+                        .write("(")
+                        .write(p.getDbColumn())
+                        .write(");")
+                        .writeNewLine();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitCompoundScalar(BeanPropertyCompound compound, BeanProperty p) {
+
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/ddl/CreateTableColumnVisitor.java

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.ddl;
 
 import java.sql.Types;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.avaje.ebean.config.TableName;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbDdlSyntax;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.IdType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
@@ -12,8 +16,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoinColumn;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id.ImportedId;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.StringHelper;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * Used as part of CreateTableVisitor to generated the create table DDL script.
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ public class CreateTableColumnVisitor extends BaseTablePropertyVisitor {
 
   private final CreateTableVisitor parent;
 
+  private BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embedded;
+  
   public CreateTableColumnVisitor(CreateTableVisitor parent, DdlGenContext ctx) {
     this.parent = parent;
     this.ctx = ctx;
@@ -66,12 +70,13 @@ public class CreateTableColumnVisitor extends BaseTablePropertyVisitor {
   @Override
   public void visitEmbeddedScalar(BeanProperty p, BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embedded) {
 
+    this.embedded = embedded;
     visitScalar(p);
   }
 
   private StringBuilder createUniqueConstraintBuffer(String table, String column) {
 
-    String uqConstraintName = "uq_" + table + "_" + column;
+    String uqConstraintName = "uq_"+TableName.parse(table)+"_"+column;
 
     if (uqConstraintName.length() > ddl.getMaxConstraintNameLength()) {
       uqConstraintName = uqConstraintName.substring(0, ddl.getMaxConstraintNameLength());
@@ -153,11 +158,12 @@ public class CreateTableColumnVisitor extends BaseTablePropertyVisitor {
 		parent.writeColumnName(p.getDbColumn(), p);
 
 		String columnDefn = ctx.getColumnDefn(p);
-		ctx.write(columnDefn);
-
+		
 		boolean identity = isIdentity(p); 
 		if (identity) {
-			writeIdentity();
+		  ctx.write(ddl.getIdentityColumnDefn(columnDefn));
+		} else {
+		  ctx.write(columnDefn);  
 		}
 
 		if (p.isId() && ddl.isInlinePrimaryKeyConstraint()){
@@ -181,18 +187,16 @@ public class CreateTableColumnVisitor extends BaseTablePropertyVisitor {
 
   private String createUniqueConstraint(BeanProperty p) {
 
-    StringBuilder expr = createUniqueConstraintBuffer(p.getBeanDescriptor().getBaseTable(), p.getDbColumn());
+    String baseTable = p.getBeanDescriptor().getBaseTable();
+    if (baseTable == null) {
+      // Embedded bean property that has unique constraint on it
+      baseTable = embedded.getBeanDescriptor().getBaseTable();
+    }
+    StringBuilder expr = createUniqueConstraintBuffer(baseTable, p.getDbColumn());
 
     expr.append(p.getDbColumn()).append(")");
     return expr.toString();
   }
-	
-	protected void writeIdentity() {
-		String identity = ddl.getIdentity();
-		if (identity != null && identity.length() > 0) {
-			ctx.write(" ").write(identity);
-		}
-	}
 
   protected void writeIdentitySuffix() {
     String identity = ddl.getIdentitySuffix();

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/ddl/CreateTableVisitor.java

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.avaje.ebean.config.TableName;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbDdlSyntax;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
@@ -13,8 +17,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyCompound;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.CompoundUniqueContraint;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.InheritInfo;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse.SqlReservedWords;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * Used to generated the create table DDL script.
@@ -23,23 +25,22 @@ public class CreateTableVisitor extends AbstractBeanVisitor {
 	
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateTableVisitor.class);
 	
-	final DdlGenContext ctx;
+	private final DdlGenContext ctx;
 	
-	final PropertyVisitor pv;
+	private final PropertyVisitor pv;
 	
-	final DbDdlSyntax ddl;
+	private final DbDdlSyntax ddl;
 	
-	final int columnNameWidth;
+	private final int columnNameWidth;
 
 	// avoid writing columns twice, e.g. when used in associations with insertable=false and updateable=false
 	private final Set<String> wroteColumns = new HashSet<String>();
 
-    private ArrayList<String> checkConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
+  private ArrayList<String> checkConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
 
-    private ArrayList<String> uniqueConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
+  private ArrayList<String> uniqueConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
 
-    private String table;
-    private String schema;
+  private String table;
     
 	public Set<String> getWroteColumns() {
 		return wroteColumns;
@@ -53,235 +54,211 @@ public class CreateTableVisitor extends AbstractBeanVisitor {
 		this.pv = new CreateTableColumnVisitor(this, ctx);
 	}
 	
-	public boolean isDbColumnWritten(String dbColumn) {
-		// Columns are not case sensitive - user lower case
-		// as e.g. @JoinColumn(s) may use a different case
-	    return wroteColumns.contains(dbColumn.toLowerCase());
-	}
+  public boolean isDbColumnWritten(String dbColumn) {
+    // Columns are not case sensitive - user lower case
+    // as e.g. @JoinColumn(s) may use a different case
+    return wroteColumns.contains(dbColumn.toLowerCase());
+  }
 	
-	public void addDbColumnWritten(String dbColumn){
-		// Column names are case insensitive
-	    wroteColumns.add(dbColumn.toLowerCase());
-	}
+  public void addDbColumnWritten(String dbColumn) {
+    // Column names are case insensitive
+    wroteColumns.add(dbColumn.toLowerCase());
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Write the table name including a check for SQL reserved words.
-	 */
-	protected void writeTableName(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
-		
-		String tableName = descriptor.getBaseTable();
-		int dotPos = tableName.lastIndexOf('.');
-		if (dotPos > -1){
-			schema = tableName.substring(0, dotPos);
-			table = tableName.substring(dotPos+1);
-		} else {
-			table = tableName;
-		}
-		
-		if (SqlReservedWords.isKeyword(table)) {
-			logger.warn("Table name ["+table+"] is a suspected SQL reserved word for bean "+descriptor.getFullName());
-		}
-
-		ctx.write(tableName);		
-	}
-
-	protected String getTable() {
-	    return table;
-	}
-	
-	protected String getSchema() {
-	    return schema;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Write the column name including a check for the SQL reserved words.
-	 * @param p
-	 */
-	protected void writeColumnName(String columnName, BeanProperty p) {
-		
-        addDbColumnWritten(columnName);
-
-		if (SqlReservedWords.isKeyword(columnName)) {
-			String propName = p == null ? "(Unknown)" : p.getFullBeanName();
-			logger.warn("Column name ["+columnName+"] is a suspected SQL reserved word for property "+propName);
-		}
-
-		ctx.write("  ").write(columnName, columnNameWidth).write(" ");
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Build a check constraint for the property if required.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Typically check constraint based on Enum mapping values.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	protected void addCheckConstraint(BeanProperty p, String prefix, String constraintExpression) {
-		
-		if (p != null && constraintExpression != null){
-
-			// build constraint clause 
-			String s = "constraint "+getConstraintName(prefix, p)+" "+constraintExpression;
-			
-			// add to list as we render all check constraints just prior to primary key
-			checkConstraints.add(s);
-		}
-	}
-	
-    protected String getConstraintName(String prefix, BeanProperty p) {
-        return prefix + table + "_" + p.getDbColumn();
-    }
-
-    protected void addUniqueConstraint(String constraintExpression) {
-        uniqueConstraints.add(constraintExpression);
-    }
+  /**
+   * Write the table name including a check for SQL reserved words.
+   */
+  protected void writeTableName(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
     
-	protected void addCheckConstraint(String constraintExpression) {
-		checkConstraints.add(constraintExpression);
-	}
-	
-	protected void addCheckConstraint(BeanProperty p) {
-	    addCheckConstraint(p,"ck_", p.getDbConstraintExpression());
-	}
-	
-	public boolean visitBean(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
-		
-		wroteColumns.clear();
-		
-		if (!descriptor.isInheritanceRoot()){
-			return false;
-		}
-		 
-		ctx.write("create table ");
-		writeTableName(descriptor);
-		ctx.write(" (").writeNewLine();
-		
-		InheritInfo inheritInfo = descriptor.getInheritInfo();
-		if (inheritInfo != null && inheritInfo.isRoot()){
-			String discColumn = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorColumn();
-			int discType = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorType();
-			int discLength = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorLength();
-			DbType dbType = ctx.getDbTypeMap().get(discType);
-			String discDbType = dbType.renderType(discLength, 0);
-			
-			writeColumnName(discColumn, null);
-			ctx.write(discDbType);
-			ctx.write(" not null,");
-			ctx.writeNewLine();
-			
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	public void visitBeanEnd(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+    // parse to remove any catalog or schema prefix on the table
+    table = TableName.parse(descriptor.getBaseTable());
+    ctx.write(descriptor.getBaseTable());
+  }
 
-	    visitInheritanceProperties(descriptor, pv);
-	    		
-		if (checkConstraints.size() > 0){
-			for (String checkConstraint : checkConstraints) {
-				ctx.write("  ").write(checkConstraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
-			}
-			checkConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
-		}
-		
-		if (uniqueConstraints.size() > 0){
-            for (String constraint : uniqueConstraints) {
-                ctx.write("  ").write(constraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
-            }
-            uniqueConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
-        }
-		
-		CompoundUniqueContraint[] compoundUniqueConstraints = descriptor.getCompoundUniqueConstraints();
-		if (compoundUniqueConstraints != null){
-		    String table = descriptor.getBaseTable();
-		    for (int i = 0; i < compoundUniqueConstraints.length; i++) {
-		        String constraint = createUniqueConstraint(table, i, compoundUniqueConstraints[i]);
-		        ctx.write("  ").write(constraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
-            }
-		}
 
-		
-		BeanProperty idProp = descriptor.getIdProperty();
+  /**
+   * Write the column name including a check for the SQL reserved words.
+   */
+  protected void writeColumnName(String columnName, BeanProperty p) {
 
-		if (idProp == null){
-			// No comma + new line
-			ctx.removeLast().removeLast();		
-		} else if (ddl.isInlinePrimaryKeyConstraint()) {
-			// The Primary Key constraint was inlined with the column
-			// ... No comma + new line
-			ctx.removeLast().removeLast();					
-			
-		} else {
-			// Add the primay key constraint
-			String pkName = ddl.getPrimaryKeyName(table);
-			ctx.write("  constraint ").write(pkName).write(" primary key (");
-	
-			VisitorUtil.visit(idProp, new AbstractPropertyVisitor() {
-	
-				@Override
-				public void visitEmbeddedScalar(BeanProperty p, BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embedded) {
-					ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
-				}
-	
-				@Override
-				public void visitScalar(BeanProperty p) {
-					ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
-				}
-				
-				@Override
-	            public void visitCompoundScalar(BeanPropertyCompound compound, BeanProperty p) {
-	                ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
-	            }
-	
-			});
-			// remove the last comma, end of PK
-			ctx.removeLast().write(")"); 
-		}		
-		
-		// end of table
-		ctx.write(")").writeNewLine(); 
-		ctx.write(";").writeNewLine().writeNewLine();
-		ctx.flush();
-	}
-	
-    private String createUniqueConstraint(String table, int idx, CompoundUniqueContraint uc) {
-        
-        String uqConstraintName = "uq_"+table+"_"+(idx+1) ;
-        
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        sb.append("constraint ")
-            .append(uqConstraintName)
-            .append(" unique (");
-        
-        String[] columns = uc.getColumns();
-        
-        for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
-            if (i > 0){
-                sb.append(",");
-            }
-            sb.append(columns[i]);
-        }
-        sb.append(")");
-        
-        return sb.toString();
+    addDbColumnWritten(columnName);
+
+    if (SqlReservedWords.isKeyword(columnName)) {
+      String propName = p == null ? "(Unknown)" : p.getFullBeanName();
+      logger.warn("Column name [" + columnName + "] is a suspected SQL reserved word for property " + propName);
     }
+
+    ctx.write("  ").write(columnName, columnNameWidth).write(" ");
+  }
 	
-	public void visitBeanDescriptorEnd() {
-		ctx.write(");").writeNewLine().writeNewLine();
-	}
+  /**
+   * Build a check constraint for the property if required.
+   * <p>
+   * Typically check constraint based on Enum mapping values.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  protected void addCheckConstraint(BeanProperty p, String prefix, String constraintExpression) {
 
+    if (p != null && constraintExpression != null) {
 
-	public PropertyVisitor visitProperty(BeanProperty p) {
-		return pv;
-	}
+      // build constraint clause
+      String s = "constraint " + getConstraintName(prefix, p) + " " + constraintExpression;
 
-	public void visitBegin() {
-		
-	}
+      // add to list as we render all check constraints just prior to primary key
+      checkConstraints.add(s);
+    }
+  }
 
-	public void visitEnd() {
-		ctx.addIntersectionCreateTables();
-		ctx.flush();
-	}
+  protected String getConstraintName(String prefix, BeanProperty p) {
+    return prefix + table + "_" + p.getDbColumn();
+  }
+
+  protected void addUniqueConstraint(String constraintExpression) {
+    uniqueConstraints.add(constraintExpression);
+  }
+
+  protected void addCheckConstraint(String constraintExpression) {
+    checkConstraints.add(constraintExpression);
+  }
+
+  protected void addCheckConstraint(BeanProperty p) {
+    addCheckConstraint(p, "ck_", p.getDbConstraintExpression());
+  }
+
+  public boolean visitBean(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+
+    wroteColumns.clear();
+
+    if (!descriptor.isInheritanceRoot()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    ctx.write("create table ");
+    writeTableName(descriptor);
+    ctx.write(" (").writeNewLine();
+
+    InheritInfo inheritInfo = descriptor.getInheritInfo();
+    if (inheritInfo != null && inheritInfo.isRoot()) {
+      String discColumn = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorColumn();
+      int discType = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorType();
+      int discLength = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorLength();
+      DbType dbType = ctx.getDbTypeMap().get(discType);
+      String discDbType = dbType.renderType(discLength, 0);
+
+      writeColumnName(discColumn, null);
+      ctx.write(discDbType);
+      ctx.write(" not null,");
+      ctx.writeNewLine();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public void visitBeanEnd(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+
+    visitInheritanceProperties(descriptor, pv);
+
+    if (checkConstraints.size() > 0) {
+      for (String checkConstraint : checkConstraints) {
+        ctx.write("  ").write(checkConstraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
+      }
+      checkConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
+    }
+
+    if (uniqueConstraints.size() > 0) {
+      for (String constraint : uniqueConstraints) {
+        ctx.write("  ").write(constraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
+      }
+      uniqueConstraints = new ArrayList<String>();
+    }
+
+    CompoundUniqueContraint[] compoundUniqueConstraints = descriptor.getCompoundUniqueConstraints();
+    if (compoundUniqueConstraints != null) {
+      String table = descriptor.getBaseTable();
+      for (int i = 0; i < compoundUniqueConstraints.length; i++) {
+        String constraint = createUniqueConstraint(table, i, compoundUniqueConstraints[i]);
+        ctx.write("  ").write(constraint).write(",").writeNewLine();
+      }
+    }
+
+    BeanProperty idProp = descriptor.getIdProperty();
+
+    if (idProp == null) {
+      // No comma + new line
+      ctx.removeLast().removeLast();
+    } else if (ddl.isInlinePrimaryKeyConstraint()) {
+      // The Primary Key constraint was inlined with the column
+      // ... No comma + new line
+      ctx.removeLast().removeLast();
+
+    } else {
+      // Add the primay key constraint
+      String pkName = ddl.getPrimaryKeyName(table);
+      ctx.write("  constraint ").write(pkName).write(" primary key (");
+
+      VisitorUtil.visit(idProp, new AbstractPropertyVisitor() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitEmbeddedScalar(BeanProperty p, BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embedded) {
+          ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitScalar(BeanProperty p) {
+          ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void visitCompoundScalar(BeanPropertyCompound compound, BeanProperty p) {
+          ctx.write(p.getDbColumn()).write(", ");
+        }
+
+      });
+      // remove the last comma, end of PK
+      ctx.removeLast().write(")");
+    }
+
+    // end of table
+    ctx.write(")").writeNewLine();
+    ctx.write(";").writeNewLine().writeNewLine();
+    ctx.flush();
+  }
+
+  private String createUniqueConstraint(String table, int idx, CompoundUniqueContraint uc) {
+
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);
+    sb.append("constraint ")
+      .append("uq_").append(TableName.parse(table)).append("_").append(idx + 1)
+      .append(" unique (");
+
+    String[] columns = uc.getColumns();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        sb.append(",");
+      }
+      sb.append(columns[i]);
+    }
+    sb.append(")");
+
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  public void visitBeanDescriptorEnd() {
+    ctx.write(");").writeNewLine().writeNewLine();
+  }
+
+  public PropertyVisitor visitProperty(BeanProperty p) {
+    return pv;
+  }
+
+  public void visitBegin() {
+
+  }
+
+  public void visitEnd() {
+    ctx.addIntersectionCreateTables();
+    ctx.flush();
+  }
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/ddl/DdlGenerator.java

@@ -98,17 +98,17 @@ public class DdlGenerator implements SpiEbeanPlugin {
     }
   }
 
-	protected void writeDrop(String dropFile) {
+  protected void writeDrop(String dropFile) {
 
-		try {
-			String c = generateDropDdl();
-			writeFile(dropFile, c);
+    try {
+      String c = generateDropDdl();
+      writeFile(dropFile, c);
 
-		} catch (IOException e) {
-			String msg = "Error generating Drop DDL";
-			throw new PersistenceException(msg, e);
-		}
-	}
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      String msg = "Error generating Drop DDL";
+      throw new PersistenceException(msg, e);
+    }
+  }
 
   protected void writeCreate(String createFile) {
 
@@ -149,6 +149,9 @@ public class DdlGenerator implements SpiEbeanPlugin {
     AddForeignKeysVisitor fkeys = new AddForeignKeysVisitor(ctx);
     VisitorUtil.visit(server, fkeys);
 
+    CreateIndexVisitor indexes = new CreateIndexVisitor(ctx);
+    VisitorUtil.visit(server, indexes);
+
     ctx.flush();
     createContent = ctx.getContent();
     return createContent;

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanDescriptor.java

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -210,11 +210,22 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
   
   private final int versionPropertyIndex;
   
+  /**
+   * Properties that are initialised in the constructor need to be 'unloaded' to support partial object queries.
+   */
+  private final int[] unloadProperties;
+  
   /**
    * Properties local to this type (not from a super type).
    */
   private final BeanProperty[] propertiesLocal;
 
+  /**
+   * Scalar mutable properties (need to dirty check on update).
+   */
+  private final BeanProperty[] propertiesMutable;
+
+  
   private final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> unidirectional;
 
   /**
@@ -386,6 +397,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     this.propertiesBaseCompound = listHelper.getBaseCompound();
     this.propertiesEmbedded = listHelper.getEmbedded();
     this.propertiesLocal = listHelper.getLocal();
+    this.propertiesMutable = listHelper.getMutable();
     this.unidirectional = listHelper.getUnidirectional();
     this.propertiesOne = listHelper.getOnes();
     this.propertiesOneExported = listHelper.getOneExported();
@@ -430,14 +442,46 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     if (Modifier.isAbstract(beanType.getModifiers())) {
       this.idPropertyIndex = -1;
       this.versionPropertyIndex = -1;
+      this.unloadProperties = new int[0];
       
     } else {
       EntityBeanIntercept ebi = prototypeEntityBean._ebean_getIntercept();
       this.idPropertyIndex = (idProperty == null) ? -1 : ebi.findProperty(idProperty.getName());
       this.versionPropertyIndex = (versionProperty == null) ? -1 : ebi.findProperty(versionProperty.getName());
+      this.unloadProperties = derivePropertiesToUnload(prototypeEntityBean);
     }
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Derive an array of property positions for properties that are initialised in the constructor.
+   * These properties need to be unloaded when populating beans for queries.
+   */
+  private int[] derivePropertiesToUnload(EntityBean prototypeEntityBean) {
+    
+    boolean[] loaded = prototypeEntityBean._ebean_getIntercept().getLoaded();
+    int[] props = new int[loaded.length];
+    int pos = 0;
+    
+    // collect the positions of the properties initialised in the default constructor.
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (loaded[i]) {
+        props[pos++] = i;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    if (pos == 0) {
+      // nothing set in the constructor
+      return new int[0];
+    }
+    
+    // populate a smaller/minimal array
+    int[] unload = new int[pos];
+    for (int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
+      unload[i] = props[i];
+    }
+    return unload;
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Create an entity bean that is used as a prototype/factory to create new instances. 
    */
@@ -559,9 +603,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
 
     if (isEmbedded()) {
       // initialise all the properties
-      Iterator<BeanProperty> it = propertiesAll();
-      while (it.hasNext()) {
-        BeanProperty prop = it.next();
+      for (BeanProperty prop : propertiesAll()) {
         prop.initialise();
       }
     } else {
@@ -579,9 +621,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
 
     if (!isEmbedded()) {
       // initialise all the non-id properties
-      Iterator<BeanProperty> it = propertiesAll();
-      while (it.hasNext()) {
-        BeanProperty prop = it.next();
+      for (BeanProperty prop : propertiesAll()) {
         if (!prop.isId()) {
           prop.initialise();
         }
@@ -842,6 +882,20 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     cacheBeanPutData((EntityBean)bean);
   }
   
+  /**
+   * Extract the raw cache data from the bean.
+   */
+  public CachedBeanData cacheBeanExtractData(EntityBean bean) {
+    return cacheHelp.beanExtractData(bean);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Load the raw cache data into the bean.
+   */
+  public void cacheBeanLoadData(EntityBean bean, CachedBeanData data) {
+    cacheHelp.beanLoadData(bean, data);
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Put a bean into the bean cache.
    */
@@ -970,9 +1024,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
    * Reset the statistics on all the query plans.
    */
   public void clearQueryStatistics() {
-    Iterator<CQueryPlan> it = queryPlanCache.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      CQueryPlan queryPlan = (CQueryPlan) it.next();
+    for (CQueryPlan queryPlan : queryPlanCache.values()) {
       queryPlan.resetStatistics();
     }
   }
@@ -988,13 +1040,6 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Return the query plans for this BeanDescriptor.
-   */
-  public Iterator<CQueryPlan> queryPlans() {
-    return queryPlanCache.values().iterator();
-  }
-
   public CQueryPlan getQueryPlan(HashQueryPlan key) {
     return queryPlanCache.get(key);
   }
@@ -1128,7 +1173,17 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
    */
   public EntityBean createEntityBean() {
     try {
-      return (EntityBean)prototypeEntityBean._ebean_newInstance();
+      EntityBean bean = (EntityBean)prototypeEntityBean._ebean_newInstance();
+      
+      if (unloadProperties.length > 0) {
+        // 'unload' any properties initialised in the default constructor
+        EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
+        for (int i = 0; i < unloadProperties.length; i++) {
+          ebi.setPropertyUnloaded(unloadProperties[i]);
+        }
+      }
+      return bean;
+      
     } catch (Exception ex) {
       throw new PersistenceException(ex);
     }
@@ -1155,8 +1210,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
       convertSetId(id, eb);
 
       EntityBeanIntercept ebi = eb._ebean_getIntercept();
-      ebi.setBeanLoaderByServerName(ebeanServer.getName());
-
+      ebi.setBeanLoader(ebeanServer);
 
       // Note: not creating proxies for many's...
       ebi.setReference(idPropertyIndex);
@@ -1463,7 +1517,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     if (propertyDeploy && chain != null) {
       BeanFkeyProperty fk = fkeyMap.get(propName);
       if (fk != null) {
-        return fk.create(chain.getExpression());
+        return fk.create(chain.getExpression(), chain.isContainsMany());
       }
     }
 
@@ -1786,10 +1840,10 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return an Iterator of all BeanProperty. This includes transient properties.
+   * Return a collection of all BeanProperty. This includes transient properties.
    */
-  public Iterator<BeanProperty> propertiesAll() {
-    return propMap.values().iterator();
+  public Collection<BeanProperty> propertiesAll() {
+    return propMap.values();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1818,21 +1872,31 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     return idProperty;
   }
 
-  public boolean isInsertMode(EntityBeanIntercept ebi) {
+  /**
+   * Return true if this bean should be inserted rather than updated.
+   * 
+   * @param ebi
+   *          The entity bean intercept
+   * @param insertMode
+   *          true if the 'root request' was an insert rather than an update
+   */
+  public boolean isInsertMode(EntityBeanIntercept ebi, boolean insertMode) {
     
     if (ebi.isLoaded()) {
+      // must be an update as the bean is loaded
       return false;
     }
     
-    // determine based on Id property
     if (idProperty.isEmbedded()) {
+      // not using Id generator so just base on isLoaded() 
       return !ebi.isLoaded();
     }
-    //if (idGenerator == null) {
-    //  return !ebi.isLoaded();
-    //} else {
-      return !hasIdProperty(ebi);
-    //}
+    if (!hasIdProperty(ebi)) {
+      // No Id property means it must be an insert
+      return true;
+    }
+    // same as the 'root request'
+    return insertMode;
   }
   
   public boolean isReference(EntityBeanIntercept ebi) {
@@ -1857,7 +1921,27 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
     return false;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Check for mutable scalar types and mark as dirty if necessary.
+   */
+  public void checkMutableProperties(EntityBeanIntercept ebi) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < propertiesMutable.length; i++) {
+      BeanProperty beanProperty = propertiesMutable[i];
+      if (ebi.isDirtyProperty(beanProperty.getPropertyIndex())) {
+        // already marked as dirty
+      } else if (ebi.isLoadedProperty(beanProperty.getPropertyIndex())) {
+        Object value = beanProperty.getValue(ebi.getOwner());
+        if (value == null || beanProperty.isDirtyValue(value)) {
+          // mutable scalar value which is considered dirty so mark
+          // it as such so that it is included in an update
+          ebi.markPropertyAsChanged(beanProperty.getPropertyIndex());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
   public ConcurrencyMode getConcurrencyMode(EntityBeanIntercept ebi) {
+    
     if (!hasVersionProperty(ebi)) {
       return ConcurrencyMode.NONE;
     } else {
@@ -2193,12 +2277,5 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements MetaBeanInfo {
 
     return ctx.popBeanState();
   }
-
-  public void flushPersistenceContextOnIterate(PersistenceContext persistenceContext) {
-    persistenceContext.clear(beanType);
-    for (int i = 0; i < propertiesMany.length; i++) {
-      persistenceContext.clear(propertiesMany[i].getBeanDescriptor().getBeanType());
-    }
-  }
     
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanDescriptorCacheHelp.java

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.cache.CachedBeanDataUpdate;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.cache.CachedManyIds;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.CacheOptions;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.PersistRequestBean;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.loadcontext.DLoadContext;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.querydefn.NaturalKeyBindParam;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.transaction.DefaultPersistenceContext;
 
@@ -328,14 +327,15 @@ public final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
     if (context == null) {
       context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
     }
-    context.put(query.getId(), bean);
 
-    DLoadContext loadContext = new DLoadContext(desc.getEbeanServer(), desc, query.isReadOnly(), query);
-    loadContext.setPersistenceContext(context);
-
-    EntityBeanIntercept ebi = ((EntityBean) bean)._ebean_getIntercept();
+    // Not using a loadContext for beans coming out of L2 cache
+    // so that means no batch lazy loading for these beans
+    EntityBean entityBean = (EntityBean)bean;
+    EntityBeanIntercept ebi = entityBean._ebean_getIntercept();
     ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
-    loadContext.register(null, ebi);
+    Object id = desc.getId(entityBean);
+    context.put(id, bean);
+
   }
   
   /**
@@ -360,12 +360,20 @@ public final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
     }
   }
 
+  public CachedBeanData beanExtractData(EntityBean bean) {
+    return CachedBeanDataFromBean.extract(desc, bean);
+  }
+
+  public void beanLoadData(EntityBean bean, CachedBeanData data) {
+    CachedBeanDataToBean.load(desc, bean, data);
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Put a bean into the bean cache.
    */
   public void beanCachePut(EntityBean bean) {
 
-    CachedBeanData beanData = CachedBeanDataFromBean.extract(desc, bean);
+    CachedBeanData beanData = beanExtractData(bean);
 
     Object id = desc.getId(bean);
     if (beanLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
@@ -402,15 +410,15 @@ public final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private T beanCacheGetInternal(Object id, Boolean readOnly) {
 
-    CachedBeanData d = (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(id);
-    if (d == null) {
+    CachedBeanData data = (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(id);
+    if (data == null) {
       if (beanLog.isTraceEnabled()) {
         beanLog.trace("   GET {}({}) - cache miss", cacheName, id);
       }
       return null;
     }
     if (cacheSharableBeans && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
-      Object bean = d.getSharableBean();
+      Object bean = data.getSharableBean();
       if (bean != null) {
         if (beanLog.isTraceEnabled()) {
           beanLog.trace("   GET {}({}) - hit shared bean", cacheName, id);
@@ -421,18 +429,21 @@ public final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
 
     EntityBean bean = desc.createEntityBean();
     desc.convertSetId(id, bean);
+    EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
+    ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.getEbeanServer());
+    
     if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-      bean._ebean_getIntercept().setReadOnly(true);
+      ebi.setReadOnly(true);
     }
 
-    CachedBeanDataToBean.load(desc, bean, d);
+    beanLoadData(bean, data);
+    
     if (beanLog.isTraceEnabled()) {
       beanLog.trace("   GET {}({}) - hit", cacheName, id);
     }
     return (T) bean;
   }
 
-
   /**
    * Remove a bean from the cache given its Id.
    */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanDescriptorManager.java

@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass;
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
+import javax.persistence.Transient;
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.BackgroundExecutor;
+import com.avaje.ebean.Model;
 import com.avaje.ebean.RawSql;
 import com.avaje.ebean.RawSqlBuilder;
 import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.ConcurrencyMode;
@@ -60,9 +64,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.idgen.UuidIdGenerator;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.Dnode;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflect;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectFactory;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectGetter;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectProperties;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectSetter;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.EnhanceBeanReflectFactory;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.TypeManager;
 
@@ -149,6 +151,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
 
   private final XmlConfig xmlConfig;
 
+  private final BeanLifecycleAdapterFactory beanLifecycleAdapterFactory;
+
   /**
    * Create for a given database dbConfig.
    */
@@ -177,6 +181,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
 
     this.updateChangesOnly = config.getServerConfig().isUpdateChangesOnly();
 
+    this.beanLifecycleAdapterFactory = new BeanLifecycleAdapterFactory();
     this.persistControllerManager = new PersistControllerManager(bootupClasses);
     this.persistListenerManager = new PersistListenerManager(bootupClasses);
     this.beanQueryAdapterManager = new BeanQueryAdapterManager(bootupClasses);
@@ -506,9 +511,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
    */
   private void readEntityBeanTable() {
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanInfo<?>> it = deplyInfoMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanInfo<?> info = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanInfo<?> info : deplyInfoMap.values()) {
       BeanTable beanTable = createBeanTable(info);
       beanTableMap.put(beanTable.getBeanType(), beanTable);
     }
@@ -522,18 +525,14 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
    */
   private void readEntityDeploymentAssociations() {
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanInfo<?>> it = deplyInfoMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanInfo<?> info = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanInfo<?> info : deplyInfoMap.values()) {
       readDeployAssociations(info);
     }
   }
 
   private void readInheritedIdGenerators() {
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanInfo<?>> it = deplyInfoMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanInfo<?> info = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanInfo<?> info : deplyInfoMap.values()) {
       DeployBeanDescriptor<?> descriptor = info.getDescriptor();
       InheritInfo inheritInfo = descriptor.getInheritInfo();
       if (inheritInfo != null && !inheritInfo.isRoot()) {
@@ -609,10 +608,10 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
    * @param info the new inheritance info
    */
   private void setInheritanceInfo(DeployBeanInfo<?> info) {
+    
 		for (DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?> oneProp : info.getDescriptor().propertiesAssocOne()) {
 			if (!oneProp.isTransient()) {
 				DeployBeanInfo<?> assoc = deplyInfoMap.get(oneProp.getTargetType());
-				
 				if (assoc != null){
 					oneProp.getTableJoin().setInheritInfo(assoc.getDescriptor().getInheritInfo());
 				}
@@ -622,7 +621,6 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
 		for (DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?> manyProp : info.getDescriptor().propertiesAssocMany()) {
 			if (!manyProp.isTransient()) {
 				DeployBeanInfo<?> assoc = deplyInfoMap.get(manyProp.getTargetType());
-				
 				if (assoc != null){
 					manyProp.getTableJoin().setInheritInfo(assoc.getDescriptor().getInheritInfo());
 				}
@@ -751,9 +749,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
         String searchName = name.substring(0, p).toLowerCase();
 
         // search for this in the possible matches
-        Iterator<String> it = matchSet.iterator();
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-          String possibleMappedBy = it.next();
+        for (String possibleMappedBy : matchSet) {
           String possibleLower = possibleMappedBy.toLowerCase();
           if (possibleLower.indexOf(searchName) > -1) {
             // we have a match..
@@ -873,7 +869,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
     if (!tableJoin.hasJoinColumns()) {
       // define Join as the inverse of the mappedBy property
       DeployTableJoin otherTableJoin = mappedAssocOne.getTableJoin();
-      otherTableJoin.copyTo(tableJoin, true, tableJoin.getTable());
+      otherTableJoin.copyWithoutType(tableJoin, true, tableJoin.getTable());
     }
   }
 
@@ -1010,9 +1006,12 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
 
     desc.setUpdateChangesOnly(updateChangesOnly);
 
+    beanLifecycleAdapterFactory.addLifecycleMethods(desc);
+    
     // set bean controller, finder and listener
     setBeanControllerFinderListener(desc);
     deplyInherit.process(desc);
+    desc.checkInheritanceMapping();
 
     createProperties.createProperties(desc);
 
@@ -1147,12 +1146,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
    */
   private void setScalarType(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> deployDesc) {
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = deployDesc.propertiesAll();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
-      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?>) {
-
-      } else {
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : deployDesc.propertiesAll()) {
+      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?> == false) {
         deployUtil.setScalarType(prop);
       }
     }
@@ -1306,30 +1301,39 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
     desc.setBeanReflect(beanReflect);
     desc.setProperties(reflectProps.getProperties());
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = desc.propertiesAll();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : desc.propertiesAll()) {
       String propName = prop.getName();
-          
       Integer pos = reflectProps.getPropertyIndex(propName);
       if (pos == null) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Property "+propName+" not found in "+reflectProps);
-      }
-
-      BeanReflectGetter getter = beanReflect.getGetter(propName, pos.intValue());
-      BeanReflectSetter setter = beanReflect.getSetter(propName, pos.intValue());
-      prop.setGetter(getter);
-      prop.setSetter(setter);
-      prop.setPropertyIndex(pos.intValue());
-      
-      if (getter == null) {
-        String m = "BeanReflectGetter for " + prop.getFullBeanName() + " was not found?";
-        throw new RuntimeException(m);
-
+        if (isPersistentField(prop)) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Property "+propName+" not found in "+reflectProps);
+        }
+        
+      } else {
+        int propertyIndex = pos.intValue();
+        prop.setPropertyIndex(propertyIndex);
+        prop.setGetter(beanReflect.getGetter(propName, propertyIndex));
+        prop.setSetter(beanReflect.getSetter(propName, propertyIndex));
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is a persistent field (not transient or static).
+   */
+  private boolean isPersistentField(DeployBeanProperty prop) {
+    
+    Field field = prop.getField();
+    int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
+    if (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) || Modifier.isTransient(modifiers)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Transient.class)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
   /**
    * DevNote: It is assumed that Embedded can contain version properties. It is
    * also assumed that Embedded beans do NOT themselves contain Embedded beans
@@ -1401,20 +1405,51 @@ public class BeanDescriptorManager implements BeanDescriptorMap {
    * enhanced or all dynamically subclassed).
    */
   private void checkInheritedClasses(Class<?> beanClass) {
+    
     Class<?> superclass = beanClass.getSuperclass();
     if (Object.class.equals(superclass)) {
       // we got to the top of the inheritance
       return;
     }
+    if (Model.class.equals(superclass)) {
+      // top of the inheritance. Not enhancing Model at this stage
+      return;
+    }
     if (!EntityBean.class.isAssignableFrom(superclass)) {
+      if (isMappedSuperWithNoProperties(superclass)) {
+        // ok to stop and treat just the same as Object.class
+        return;
+      }
       throw new IllegalStateException("Super type "+superclass+" is not enhanced?");
     }
-
     
     // recursively continue up the inheritance hierarchy
     checkInheritedClasses(superclass);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is a MappedSuperclass bean with no persistent properties.
+   * If so it is ok for it not to be enhanced.
+   */
+  private boolean isMappedSuperWithNoProperties(Class<?> beanClass) {
+    
+    MappedSuperclass annotation = beanClass.getAnnotation(MappedSuperclass.class);
+    if (annotation == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    Field[] fields = beanClass.getDeclaredFields();
+    for (Field field : fields) {
+      if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()) || Modifier.isTransient(field.getModifiers())) {
+        // ignore this field
+      } else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Transient.class)) {
+        // ignore this field
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  
   /**
    * Comparator to sort the BeanDescriptors by name.
    */

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanFkeyProperty.java

@@ -10,182 +10,188 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
  */
 public final class BeanFkeyProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
-    private final String placeHolder;
-    private final String prefix;
-    private final String name;
-    private final String dbColumn;
+  private final String placeHolder;
+  private final String prefix;
+  private final String name;
+  private final String dbColumn;
+  private final boolean containsMany;
 
-    private int deployOrder;
+  private int deployOrder;
 
-    public BeanFkeyProperty(String prefix, String name, String dbColumn, int deployOrder) {
-        this.prefix = prefix;
-        this.name = name;
-        this.dbColumn = dbColumn;
-        this.deployOrder = deployOrder;
-        this.placeHolder = calcPlaceHolder(prefix, dbColumn);
-    }
+  public BeanFkeyProperty(String prefix, String name, String dbColumn, int deployOrder) {
+    this(prefix, name, dbColumn, deployOrder, false);
+  }
+  
+  private BeanFkeyProperty(String prefix, String name, String dbColumn, int deployOrder, boolean containsMany) {
+    this.prefix = prefix;
+    this.name = name;
+    this.dbColumn = dbColumn;
+    this.deployOrder = deployOrder;
+    this.containsMany = containsMany;
+    this.placeHolder = calcPlaceHolder(prefix, dbColumn);
+  }
 
-    public int getDeployOrder() {
-        return deployOrder;
-    }
+  public int getDeployOrder() {
+    return deployOrder;
+  }
 
-    private String calcPlaceHolder(String prefix, String dbColumn) {
-        if (prefix != null) {
-            return "${" + prefix + "}" + dbColumn;
-        } else {
-            return ROOT_ELPREFIX + dbColumn;
-        }
+  private String calcPlaceHolder(String prefix, String dbColumn) {
+    if (prefix != null) {
+      return "${" + prefix + "}" + dbColumn;
+    } else {
+      return ROOT_ELPREFIX + dbColumn;
     }
+  }
 
-    public BeanFkeyProperty create(String expression) {
-        int len = expression.length() - name.length() - 1;
-        String prefix = expression.substring(0, len);
+  public BeanFkeyProperty create(String expression, boolean containsMany) {
+    int len = expression.length() - name.length() - 1;
+    String prefix = expression.substring(0, len);
 
-        return new BeanFkeyProperty(prefix, name, dbColumn, deployOrder);
-    }
+    return new BeanFkeyProperty(prefix, name, dbColumn, deployOrder, containsMany);
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns false for keys.
-     */
-    public boolean isDbEncrypted() {
-        return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns false for keys.
+   */
+  public boolean isDbEncrypted() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns false for keys.
-     */
-    public boolean isLocalEncrypted() {
-        return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns false for keys.
+   */
+  public boolean isLocalEncrypted() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Only usable as ElPropertyDeploy.
-     */
-    public boolean isDeployOnly() {
-        return true;
-    }
-    
-    @Override
-    public boolean containsFormulaWithJoin() {
-      return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Only usable as ElPropertyDeploy.
+   */
+  public boolean isDeployOnly() {
+    return true;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns false.
-     */
-    public boolean containsMany() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    
-    public boolean containsManySince(String sinceProperty) {
-        return containsMany();
-    }
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsFormulaWithJoin() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    public String getDbColumn() {
-        return dbColumn;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns false.
+   */
+  public boolean containsMany() {
+    return containsMany;
+  }
 
-    public String getName() {
-        return name;
-    }
+  public boolean containsManySince(String sinceProperty) {
+    return containsMany();
+  }
 
-    public String getElName() {
-        return name;
-    }
+  public String getDbColumn() {
+    return dbColumn;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
-     */
-    public Object[] getAssocOneIdValues(EntityBean value) {
-        return null;
-    }
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
-     */
-    public String getAssocOneIdExpr(String prefix, String operator) {
-        return null;
-    }
+  public String getElName() {
+    return name;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
-     */
-    public String getAssocIdInExpr(String prefix) {
-        return null;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
+   */
+  public Object[] getAssocOneIdValues(EntityBean value) {
+    return null;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
-     */
-    public String getAssocIdInValueExpr(int size) {
-        return null;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
+   */
+  public String getAssocOneIdExpr(String prefix, String operator) {
+    return null;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns false as not an AssocOne.
-     */
-    public boolean isAssocId() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    
-    public boolean isAssocProperty() {
-        return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
+   */
+  public String getAssocIdInExpr(String prefix) {
+    return null;
+  }
 
-    public String getElPlaceholder(boolean encrypted) {
-        return placeHolder;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns null as not an AssocOne.
+   */
+  public String getAssocIdInValueExpr(int size) {
+    return null;
+  }
 
-    public String getElPrefix() {
-        return prefix;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns false as not an AssocOne.
+   */
+  public boolean isAssocId() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    public boolean isDateTimeCapable() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    
-    public int getJdbcType() {
-	    return 0;
-    }
+  public boolean isAssocProperty() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-	public Object parseDateTime(long systemTimeMillis) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public String getElPlaceholder(boolean encrypted) {
+    return placeHolder;
+  }
 
-    public StringFormatter getStringFormatter() {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public String getElPrefix() {
+    return prefix;
+  }
 
-    public StringParser getStringParser() {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public boolean isDateTimeCapable() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    public void elSetReference(EntityBean bean) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public int getJdbcType() {
+    return 0;
+  }
 
-    public Object elConvertType(Object value) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public BeanProperty getBeanProperty() {
+    return null;
+  }
 
-    public void elSetValue(EntityBean bean, Object value, boolean populate) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public Object parseDateTime(long systemTimeMillis) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
 
-    public Object elGetValue(EntityBean bean) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public StringFormatter getStringFormatter() {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
 
-    public Object elGetReference(EntityBean bean) {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public StringParser getStringParser() {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
 
-    public BeanProperty getBeanProperty() {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public void elSetReference(EntityBean bean) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
 
-    public String getDeployProperty() {
-        throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
-    }
+  public Object elConvertType(Object value) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
+
+  public void elSetValue(EntityBean bean, Object value, boolean populate) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
+
+  public Object elGetValue(EntityBean bean) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
+
+  public Object elGetReference(EntityBean bean) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
+
+  public String getDeployProperty() {
+    throw new RuntimeException("ElPropertyDeploy only - not implemented");
+  }
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanLifecycleAdapterFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.persistence.PostLoad;
+import javax.persistence.PostPersist;
+import javax.persistence.PostRemove;
+import javax.persistence.PostUpdate;
+import javax.persistence.PrePersist;
+import javax.persistence.PreRemove;
+import javax.persistence.PreUpdate;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.avaje.ebean.event.BeanPersistAdapter;
+import com.avaje.ebean.event.BeanPersistRequest;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanDescriptor;
+
+/**
+ * Helper that looks for methods annotated with lifecycle events and registers an adapter for them.
+ * <p>
+ * This includes PrePerist, PostPerist, PreUpdate, PostUpdate, PreRemove, PostRemove and PostLoad
+ * lifecycle events.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class BeanLifecycleAdapterFactory {
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BeanLifecycleAdapterFactory.class);
+
+  /**
+   * Register a BeanPersistController for methods annotated with lifecycle events.
+   */
+  public void addLifecycleMethods(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> deployDesc) {
+
+    Method[] methods = deployDesc.getBeanType().getMethods();
+
+    MethodHolder methodHolder = new MethodHolder();
+
+    for (Method m : methods) {
+      methodHolder.checkMethod(m);
+    }
+
+    if (methodHolder.hasListener()) {
+      deployDesc.addPersistController(new Adapter(methodHolder));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds Methods for the lifecycle events.s
+   */
+  private static class MethodHolder {
+
+    private boolean hasListener;
+    private Method preInsert;
+    private Method postInsert;
+    private Method preUpdate;
+    private Method postUpdate;
+    private Method preDelete;
+    private Method postDelete;
+    private Method postLoad;
+
+    private boolean hasListener() {
+      return hasListener;
+    }
+
+    private void checkMethod(Method method) {
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PrePersist.class)) {
+        preInsert = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PostPersist.class)) {
+        postInsert = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PreUpdate.class)) {
+        preUpdate = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PostUpdate.class)) {
+        postUpdate = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PreRemove.class)) {
+        preDelete = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PostRemove.class)) {
+        postDelete = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+
+      if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PostLoad.class)) {
+        postLoad = method;
+        hasListener = true;
+      }
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * BeanPersistAdapter using reflection to invoke lifecycle methods.
+   */
+  private static class Adapter extends BeanPersistAdapter {
+
+    private final MethodHolder methodHolder;
+
+    private Adapter(MethodHolder methodHolder) {
+      this.methodHolder = methodHolder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRegisterFor(Class<?> cls) {
+      // Not used
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    private void invoke(Method method, Object bean) {
+      try {
+        method.invoke(bean);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        logger.error("Error invoking lifecycle adapter", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void invoke(Method method, BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      invoke(method, request.getBean());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean preDelete(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.preDelete != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.preDelete, request);
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean preInsert(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.preInsert != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.preInsert, request);
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean preUpdate(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.preUpdate != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.preUpdate, request);
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void postDelete(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.postDelete != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.postDelete, request);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void postInsert(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.postInsert != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.postInsert, request);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void postUpdate(BeanPersistRequest<?> request) {
+      if (methodHolder.postUpdate != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.postUpdate, request);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void postLoad(Object bean, Set<String> includedProperties) {
+      if (methodHolder.postLoad != null) {
+        invoke(methodHolder.postLoad, bean);
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanProperty.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyChainBuilder;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.StringHelper;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlBeanLoad;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectGetter;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.reflect.BeanReflectSetter;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.text.json.ReadJsonContext;
@@ -73,6 +74,11 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      */
     final boolean unidirectionalShadow;
 
+    /**
+     * Flag set if this maps to the inheritance discriminator column
+     */
+    final boolean discriminator;
+
     /**
      * Flag to mark the property as embedded. This could be on
      * BeanPropertyAssocOne rather than here. Put it here for checking Id type
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
     final boolean version;
 
     final boolean naturalKey;
-    
+
     /**
      * Set if this property is nullable.
      */
@@ -130,7 +136,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      * True if the property is a Clob, Blob LongVarchar or LongVarbinary.
      */
     final boolean lob;
-    
+
     final boolean fetchEager;
 
     final boolean isTransient;
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
     final String name;
 
     final int propertyIndex;
-    
+
     /**
      * The reflected field.
      */
@@ -256,6 +262,10 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
     final boolean jsonDeserialize;
 
+    final boolean indexed;
+
+    final String indexName;
+
     public BeanProperty(DeployBeanProperty deploy) {
         this(null, null, deploy);
     }
@@ -265,8 +275,12 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         this.descriptor = descriptor;
         this.name = InternString.intern(deploy.getName());
         this.propertyIndex = deploy.getPropertyIndex();
-        
+
+        this.indexed = deploy.isIndexed();
+        this.indexName = deploy.getIndexName();
+
         this.unidirectionalShadow = deploy.isUndirectionalShadow();
+        this.discriminator = deploy.isDiscriminator();
         this.localEncrypted = deploy.isLocalEncrypted();
         this.dbEncrypted = deploy.isDbEncrypted();
         this.dbEncryptedType = deploy.getDbEncryptedType();
@@ -305,12 +319,6 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         this.readMethod = deploy.getReadMethod();
         this.writeMethod = deploy.getWriteMethod();
         this.getter = deploy.getGetter();
-        if (descriptor != null && getter == null) {
-            if (!unidirectionalShadow) {
-                String m = "Null Getter for: " + getFullBeanName();
-                throw new RuntimeException(m);
-            }
-        }
         this.setter = deploy.getSetter();
 
         this.dbColumn = tableAliasIntern(descriptor, deploy.getDbColumn(), false, null);
@@ -325,7 +333,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         this.lob = isLobType(dbType);
         this.propertyType = deploy.getPropertyType();
         this.field = deploy.getField();
-        
+
         EntityType et = descriptor == null ? null : descriptor.getEntityType();
         this.elPlaceHolder = tableAliasIntern(descriptor, deploy.getElPlaceHolder(et), false, null);
         this.elPlaceHolderEncrypted = tableAliasIntern(descriptor, deploy.getElPlaceHolder(et), dbEncrypted, dbColumn);
@@ -361,6 +369,9 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         this.name = InternString.intern(source.getName());
         this.propertyIndex = source.propertyIndex;
 
+        this.indexed = source.isIndexed();
+        this.indexName = source.getIndexName();
+
         this.dbColumn = InternString.intern(override.getDbColumn());
         this.sqlFormulaJoin = InternString.intern(override.getSqlFormulaJoin());
         this.sqlFormulaSelect = InternString.intern(override.getSqlFormulaSelect());
@@ -368,6 +379,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
         this.fetchEager = source.fetchEager;
         this.unidirectionalShadow = source.unidirectionalShadow;
+        this.discriminator = source.discriminator;
         this.localEncrypted = source.isLocalEncrypted();
         this.isTransient = source.isTransient();
         this.secondaryTable = source.isSecondaryTable();
@@ -408,7 +420,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         this.lob = isLobType(dbType);
         this.propertyType = source.getPropertyType();
         this.field = source.getField();
-        
+
         this.elPlaceHolder = override.replace(source.elPlaceHolder, source.dbColumn);
         this.elPlaceHolderEncrypted = override.replace(source.elPlaceHolderEncrypted, source.dbColumn);
 
@@ -444,7 +456,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
     }
 
     public ElPropertyValue buildElPropertyValue(String propName, String remainder, ElPropertyChainBuilder chain,
-            boolean propertyDeploy) {
+                                                boolean propertyDeploy) {
         throw new PersistenceException("Not valid on scalar bean property " + getFullBeanName());
     }
 
@@ -469,6 +481,23 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         return formula;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return true if this property maps to the inheritance discriminator column.
+     */
+    public boolean isDiscriminator() {
+        return discriminator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if the underlying type is mutable.
+     */
+    public boolean isMutableScalarType() {
+        if (scalarType == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return scalarType.isMutable();
+    }
+
     public void copyProperty(EntityBean sourceBean, EntityBean destBean) {
         Object value = getValue(sourceBean);
         setValue(destBean, value);
@@ -501,14 +530,14 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      * Add any extra joins required to support this property. Generally a no
      * operation except for a OneToOne exported.
      */
-    public void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin) {
+    public void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType) {
         if (formula && sqlFormulaJoin != null) {
-            ctx.appendFormulaJoin(sqlFormulaJoin, forceOuterJoin);
+            ctx.appendFormulaJoin(sqlFormulaJoin, joinType);
 
         } else if (secondaryTableJoin != null) {
 
             String relativePrefix = ctx.getRelativePrefix(secondaryTableJoinPrefix);
-            secondaryTableJoin.addJoin(forceOuterJoin, relativePrefix, ctx);
+            secondaryTableJoin.addJoin(joinType, relativePrefix, ctx);
         }
     }
 
@@ -706,14 +735,14 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
     private static Object[] NO_ARGS = new Object[0];
 
-    public Object getCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean){
-    	return getValue(bean);
+    public Object getCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean) {
+        return getValue(bean);
     }
-    
-    public void setCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean, Object cacheData){
-    	setValue(bean, cacheData);
+
+    public void setCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean, Object cacheData) {
+        setValue(bean, cacheData);
     }
-    
+
     /**
      * Return the value of the property method.
      */
@@ -726,12 +755,12 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
             throw new RuntimeException(msg, ex);
         }
     }
-    
+
     /**
      * Explicitly use reflection to get value.
      */
     public Object getValueViaReflection(Object bean) {
-    	try {
+        try {
             return readMethod.invoke(bean, NO_ARGS);
         } catch (Exception ex) {
             String beanType = bean == null ? "null" : bean.getClass().getName();
@@ -786,7 +815,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      * Return the position of this property in the enhanced bean.
      */
     public int getPropertyIndex() {
-      return propertyIndex;
+        return propertyIndex;
     }
 
     public String getElName() {
@@ -800,10 +829,10 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         return false;
     }
 
-    
+
     @Override
     public boolean containsFormulaWithJoin() {
-      return formula && sqlFormulaJoin != null;
+        return formula && sqlFormulaJoin != null;
     }
 
     public boolean containsManySince(String sinceProperty) {
@@ -859,6 +888,14 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         return descriptor.getFullName() + "." + name;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return true if the mutable value is considered dirty.
+     * This is only used for 'mutable' scalar types like hstore etc.
+     */
+    public boolean isDirtyValue(Object value) {
+        return scalarType.isDirty(value);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return the scalarType.
      */
@@ -877,12 +914,12 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
     public boolean isDateTimeCapable() {
         return scalarType != null && scalarType.isDateTimeCapable();
     }
-    
+
     public int getJdbcType() {
-	    return scalarType == null ? 0 : scalarType.getJdbcType();
+        return scalarType == null ? 0 : scalarType.getJdbcType();
     }
 
-	public Object parseDateTime(long systemTimeMillis) {
+    public Object parseDateTime(long systemTimeMillis) {
         return scalarType.parseDateTime(systemTimeMillis);
     }
 
@@ -945,10 +982,10 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      * Return true if this is the natural key property.
      */
     public boolean isNaturalKey() {
-    	return naturalKey;
+        return naturalKey;
     }
 
-	/**
+    /**
      * Return true if this property is mandatory.
      */
     public boolean isNullable() {
@@ -977,6 +1014,13 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         return isTransient;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return true if this property is loadable from a resultSet.
+     */
+    public boolean isLoadProperty() {
+        return !isTransient || formula;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return true if this is a version column used for concurrency checking.
      */
@@ -1017,10 +1061,10 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
      * Lob's usually default to fetch lazy.
      */
     public boolean isFetchEager() {
-    	return fetchEager;
+        return fetchEager;
     }
 
-	/**
+    /**
      * Return true if this is mapped to a Clob Blob LongVarchar or
      * LongVarbinary.
      */
@@ -1030,17 +1074,17 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
     private boolean isLobType(int type) {
         switch (type) {
-        case Types.CLOB:
-            return true;
-        case Types.BLOB:
-            return true;
-        case Types.LONGVARBINARY:
-            return true;
-        case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
-            return true;
+            case Types.CLOB:
+                return true;
+            case Types.BLOB:
+                return true;
+            case Types.LONGVARBINARY:
+                return true;
+            case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
+                return true;
 
-        default:
-            return false;
+            default:
+                return false;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1141,7 +1185,7 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void jsonWrite(WriteJsonContext ctx, EntityBean bean) {
-        if(!jsonSerialize){
+        if (!jsonSerialize) {
             return;
         }
         Object value = getValueIntercept(bean);
@@ -1153,15 +1197,15 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
     }
 
     public void jsonRead(ReadJsonContext ctx, EntityBean bean) {
-        if(!jsonDeserialize){
+        if (!jsonDeserialize) {
             return;
         }
-    	String jsonValue;
-    	try {
-        	jsonValue = ctx.readScalarValue();
-    	} catch (TextException e){
-    		throw new TextException("Error reading property "+getFullBeanName(), e);
-    	}
+        String jsonValue;
+        try {
+            jsonValue = ctx.readScalarValue();
+        } catch (TextException e) {
+            throw new TextException("Error reading property " + getFullBeanName(), e);
+        }
         Object objValue;
         if (jsonValue == null) {
             objValue = null;
@@ -1170,4 +1214,12 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
         }
         setValue(bean, objValue);
     }
+
+    public boolean isIndexed() {
+        return indexed;
+    }
+
+    public String getIndexName() {
+        return indexName;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanPropertyAssoc.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id.ImportedIdSimple;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyAssoc;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyChainBuilder;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Abstract base for properties mapped to an associated bean, list, set or map.
@@ -129,22 +130,15 @@ public abstract class BeanPropertyAssoc<T> extends BeanProperty {
     /**
 	 * Add table join with table alias based on prefix.
 	 */
-    public boolean addJoin(boolean forceOuterJoin, String prefix, DbSqlContext ctx) {
-    	return tableJoin.addJoin(forceOuterJoin, prefix, ctx);
+    public SqlJoinType addJoin(SqlJoinType joinType, String prefix, DbSqlContext ctx) {
+    	return tableJoin.addJoin(joinType, prefix, ctx);
     }
     
     /**
 	 * Add table join with explicit table alias.
 	 */
-    public boolean addJoin(boolean forceOuterJoin, String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
-    	return tableJoin.addJoin(forceOuterJoin, a1, a2, ctx);
-    }
-    	
-    /**
-     * Add table join with explicit table alias.
-     */
-    public void addInnerJoin(String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
-        tableJoin.addInnerJoin(a1, a2, ctx);
+    public SqlJoinType addJoin(SqlJoinType joinType, String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
+    	return tableJoin.addJoin(joinType, a1, a2, ctx);
     }
     
 	/**

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanPropertyAssocMany.java

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
@@ -60,8 +59,16 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
    */
   private final boolean manyToMany;
 
+  /**
+   * Order by used when fetch joining the associated many.
+   */
   private final String fetchOrderBy;
 
+  /**
+   * Order by used when lazy loading the associated many.
+   */
+  private String lazyFetchOrderBy;
+
   private final String mapKey;
 
   /**
@@ -137,6 +144,23 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
 			if (exportedProperties.length > 0){
 				embeddedExportedProperties = exportedProperties[0].isEmbedded();
 				exportedPropertyBindProto = deriveExportedPropertyBindProto();
+				
+				if (fetchOrderBy != null) {
+  				// derive lazyFetchOrderBy
+  				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);
+  	      for (int i = 0; i < exportedProperties.length; i++) {
+  	        if (i > 0) {
+  	          sb.append(", ");
+  	        }
+  	        // these fk columns are either on the intersection (int_) or base table (t0) 
+  	        String fkTableAlias = isManyToMany() ? "int_" : "t0";
+  	        sb.append(fkTableAlias).append(".").append(exportedProperties[i].getForeignDbColumn()); 
+  	      }
+  	      if (fetchOrderBy != null) {
+  	        sb.append(", ").append(fetchOrderBy);
+  	      }
+  	      lazyFetchOrderBy = sb.toString().trim();
+				}
 			}
 			
 			String delStmt;
@@ -510,6 +534,13 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Return the order by for use when lazy loading the associated collection.
+	 */
+	public String getLazyFetchOrderBy() {
+    return lazyFetchOrderBy;
+  }
+
+  /**
 	 * Return the default mapKey when returning a Map.
 	 */
 	public String getMapKey() {
@@ -774,12 +805,8 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
 	private BeanProperty initMapKeyProperty() {
 
 		// search for the property
-
 		BeanDescriptor<?> targetDesc = getTargetDescriptor();
-
-		Iterator<BeanProperty> it = targetDesc.propertiesAll();
-		while (it.hasNext()){
-			BeanProperty  prop = it.next();
+		for (BeanProperty prop : targetDesc.propertiesAll()) {
 			if (mapKey.equalsIgnoreCase(prop.getName())) {
 				return prop;
 			}

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanPropertyAssocOne.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.Transaction;
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.cache.CachedBeanData;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultSqlUpdate;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id.IdBinder;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id.ImportedId;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyChainBuilder;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SplitName;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlBeanLoad;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.text.json.ReadJsonContext;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.text.json.WriteJsonContext;
 
@@ -323,15 +325,15 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
     }
 
     public Object getCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean){
-    	if (embedded) {
-    		throw new RuntimeException();
+      Object ap = getValue(bean);
+      if (ap == null){
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (embedded) {
+    	  return targetDescriptor.cacheBeanExtractData((EntityBean) ap);
+    		
     	} else {
-    		Object ap = getValue(bean);
-    		if (ap == null){
-    			return null;
-    		} else {
-        		return targetDescriptor.getId((EntityBean)ap);    			
-    		}
+        return targetDescriptor.getId((EntityBean)ap);    			
     	}
     }
     
@@ -339,7 +341,10 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
     public void setCacheDataValue(EntityBean bean, Object cacheData){
     	if (cacheData != null) {
     		if (embedded){
-        		throw new RuntimeException();
+    		  EntityBean embeddedBean = targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    		  targetDescriptor.cacheBeanLoadData(embeddedBean, (CachedBeanData) cacheData);
+          setValue(bean, embeddedBean);
+          
     		} else {
 		    	T ref  = targetDescriptor.createReference(Boolean.FALSE, cacheData);
 		    	setValue(bean, ref);
@@ -504,9 +509,9 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin) {
+    public void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType) {
         if (!isTransient) {
-            localHelp.appendFrom(ctx, forceOuterJoin);
+            localHelp.appendFrom(ctx, joinType);
         }
     }
 
@@ -583,7 +588,7 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
 
         abstract void appendSelect(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean subQuery);
 
-        abstract void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin);
+        abstract void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType);
         
     }
 
@@ -629,7 +634,7 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
         }
 
         @Override
-        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin) {
+        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType) {
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -725,11 +730,11 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
         }
 
         @Override
-        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin) {
+        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType) {
             if (targetInheritInfo != null) {
                 // add join to support the discriminator column
                 String relativePrefix = ctx.getRelativePrefix(name);
-                tableJoin.addJoin(forceOuterJoin, relativePrefix, ctx);
+                tableJoin.addJoin(joinType, relativePrefix, ctx);
             }
         }
 
@@ -818,10 +823,10 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
         }
 
         @Override
-        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, boolean forceOuterJoin) {
+        void appendFrom(DbSqlContext ctx, SqlJoinType joinType) {
 
             String relativePrefix = ctx.getRelativePrefix(getName());
-            tableJoin.addJoin(forceOuterJoin, relativePrefix, ctx);
+            tableJoin.addJoin(joinType, relativePrefix, ctx);
         }
     }
     
@@ -862,4 +867,18 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> {
       EntityBean eb = (EntityBean)detailBean;
       return targetDescriptor.isReference(eb._ebean_getIntercept());      
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the parent bean to the child bean if it has not already been set.
+     */
+    public void setParentBeanToChild(EntityBean parent, EntityBean child) {
+
+      if (mappedBy != null) {
+        BeanProperty beanProperty = targetDescriptor.getBeanProperty(mappedBy);
+        if (beanProperty != null && beanProperty.getValue(child) == null) {
+          // set the 'parent' bean to the 'child' bean
+          beanProperty.setValue(child, parent);          
+        }      
+      }
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/BeanPropertySimpleCollection.java

@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarType;
 
 public class BeanPropertySimpleCollection<T> extends BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> {
 
-    private final ScalarType<T> collectionScalarType;
-    
-    public BeanPropertySimpleCollection(BeanDescriptorMap owner, BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor, DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection<T> deploy) {
-        super(owner, descriptor, deploy);
-        this.collectionScalarType = deploy.getCollectionScalarType();
-    }
+  public BeanPropertySimpleCollection(BeanDescriptorMap owner, BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor, DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection<T> deploy) {
+    super(owner, descriptor, deploy);
+  }
+
+  public void initialise() {
+    super.initialise();
+  }
 
-    public void initialise() {
-        super.initialise();
-    }
-    
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/DRawSqlSelect.java

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public class DRawSqlSelect {
 		sqlTree.setSummary(desc.getName());
 
 		LinkedHashSet<String> includedProps = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
-		SqlTreeProperties selectProps = new SqlTreeProperties(desc);
+		SqlTreeProperties selectProps = new SqlTreeProperties();
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < selectColumns.length; i++) {
 

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/DbSqlContext.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
+
 /**
  * Used to provide context during sql construction.
  */
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ public interface DbSqlContext {
    * Append a Sql Formula join. This converts the "${ta}" keyword to the current
    * table alias.
    */
-  public void appendFormulaJoin(String sqlFormulaJoin, boolean forceOuterJoin);
+  public void appendFormulaJoin(String sqlFormulaJoin, SqlJoinType joinType);
 
   /**
    * Return the current content length.

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/DeployPropertyParserMap.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -8,33 +9,33 @@ import java.util.Set;
  */
 public final class DeployPropertyParserMap extends DeployParser {
 
-    private final Map<String,String> map;
+  private final Map<String, String> map;
 
-    public DeployPropertyParserMap(Map<String,String> map) {
-        this.map = map;
-    }
+  public DeployPropertyParserMap(Map<String, String> map) {
+    this.map = map;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns null for raw sql queries.
-     */
-    public Set<String> getIncludes() {
-        return null;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns null for raw sql queries.
+   */
+  public Set<String> getIncludes() {
+    return Collections.emptySet();
+  }
 
-    public String convertWord() {
-        String r = getDeployWord(word);
-        return r == null ? word : r;
-    }
+  public String convertWord() {
+    String r = getDeployWord(word);
+    return r == null ? word : r;
+  }
 
-    @Override
-    public String getDeployWord(String expression) {
-        
-        String deployExpr = map.get(expression);
-        if (deployExpr == null) {
-            return null;
-        } else {
-            return deployExpr;
-        }
+  @Override
+  public String getDeployWord(String expression) {
+
+    String deployExpr = map.get(expression);
+    if (deployExpr == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return deployExpr;
     }
+  }
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/InheritInfo.java

@@ -13,338 +13,332 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse.DeployInheritInfo;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlTreeProperties;
 
 /**
- * Represents a node in the Inheritance tree. Holds information regarding Super
- * Subclass support.
+ * Represents a node in the Inheritance tree. Holds information regarding Super Subclass support.
  */
 public class InheritInfo {
 
-	private final String discriminatorStringValue;
-	private final Object discriminatorValue;
+  private final String discriminatorStringValue;
+  private final Object discriminatorValue;
 
-	private final String discriminatorColumn;
+  private final String discriminatorColumn;
 
-	private final int discriminatorType;
+  private final int discriminatorType;
 
-	private final int discriminatorLength;
+  private final int discriminatorLength;
 
-	private final String where;
+  private final String where;
 
-	private final Class<?> type;
+  private final Class<?> type;
 
-	private final ArrayList<InheritInfo> children = new ArrayList<InheritInfo>();
+  private final ArrayList<InheritInfo> children = new ArrayList<InheritInfo>();
 
-	/**
-	 * Map of discriminator values to InheritInfo.
-	 */
-	private final HashMap<String, InheritInfo> discMap;
-    
-    /**
-     * Map of class types to InheritInfo (taking into account subclass proxy classes).
-     */
-    private final HashMap<String, InheritInfo> typeMap;
+  /**
+   * Map of discriminator values to InheritInfo.
+   */
+  private final HashMap<String, InheritInfo> discMap;
 
-	private final InheritInfo parent;
+  /**
+   * Map of class types to InheritInfo (taking into account subclass proxy classes).
+   */
+  private final HashMap<String, InheritInfo> typeMap;
 
-	private final InheritInfo root;
+  private final InheritInfo parent;
 
-	private BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor;
+  private final InheritInfo root;
 
-	public InheritInfo(InheritInfo r, InheritInfo parent, DeployInheritInfo deploy) {
-		
-		this.parent = parent;
-		this.type = deploy.getType();
-		this.discriminatorColumn = InternString.intern(deploy.getDiscriminatorColumn(parent));
-		this.discriminatorValue = deploy.getDiscriminatorObjectValue();
-		this.discriminatorStringValue = deploy.getDiscriminatorStringValue();
-		
-		this.discriminatorType = deploy.getDiscriminatorType(parent);
-		this.discriminatorLength = deploy.getDiscriminatorLength(parent);
-		this.where = InternString.intern(deploy.getWhere());
-		
-		if (r == null) {
-			// this is a root node
-			root = this;
-			discMap = new HashMap<String, InheritInfo>();
-			typeMap = new HashMap<String, InheritInfo>();
-			registerWithRoot(this);
+  private BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor;
 
-		} else {
-			this.root = r;
-			// register with the root node...
-			discMap = null;
-			typeMap = null;
-			root.registerWithRoot(this);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Visit all the children in the inheritance tree.
-	 */
-	public void visitChildren(InheritInfoVisitor visitor) {
-		
-		for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-			InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
-			visitor.visit(child);
-			child.visitChildren(visitor);
-		}
-	}
+  public InheritInfo(InheritInfo r, InheritInfo parent, DeployInheritInfo deploy) {
 
-    /**
-     * return true if anything in the inheritance hierarchy has a relationship
-     * with a save cascade on it.
-     */
-	public boolean isSaveRecurseSkippable() {
-	    return root.isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable();
-	}
-	
-	private boolean isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable() {
-	    if (!descriptor.isSaveRecurseSkippable()){
-	        return false;
-	    }
-        for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-            InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
-            if (!child.isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable()){
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-	}
-	
-    /**
-     * return true if anything in the inheritance hierarchy has a relationship
-     * with a delete cascade on it.
-     */
-    public boolean isDeleteRecurseSkippable() {
-        return root.isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable();
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.type = deploy.getType();
+    this.discriminatorColumn = InternString.intern(deploy.getDiscriminatorColumn(parent));
+    this.discriminatorValue = deploy.getDiscriminatorObjectValue();
+    this.discriminatorStringValue = deploy.getDiscriminatorStringValue();
+
+    this.discriminatorType = deploy.getDiscriminatorType(parent);
+    this.discriminatorLength = deploy.getDiscriminatorLength(parent);
+    this.where = InternString.intern(deploy.getWhere());
+
+    if (r == null) {
+      // this is a root node
+      root = this;
+      discMap = new HashMap<String, InheritInfo>();
+      typeMap = new HashMap<String, InheritInfo>();
+      registerWithRoot(this);
+
+    } else {
+      this.root = r;
+      // register with the root node...
+      discMap = null;
+      typeMap = null;
+      root.registerWithRoot(this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Visit all the children in the inheritance tree.
+   */
+  public void visitChildren(InheritInfoVisitor visitor) {
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
+      InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
+      visitor.visit(child);
+      child.visitChildren(visitor);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return true if anything in the inheritance hierarchy has a relationship with a save cascade on
+   * it.
+   */
+  public boolean isSaveRecurseSkippable() {
+    return root.isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable();
+  }
+
+  private boolean isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable() {
+    if (!descriptor.isSaveRecurseSkippable()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
+      InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
+      if (!child.isNodeSaveRecurseSkippable()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return true if anything in the inheritance hierarchy has a relationship with a delete cascade
+   * on it.
+   */
+  public boolean isDeleteRecurseSkippable() {
+    return root.isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable();
+  }
+
+  private boolean isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable() {
+    if (!descriptor.isDeleteRecurseSkippable()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
+      InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
+      if (!child.isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the descriptor for this node.
+   */
+  public void setDescriptor(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
+
+    this.descriptor = descriptor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the associated BeanDescriptor for this node.
+   */
+  public BeanDescriptor<?> getBeanDescriptor() {
+    return descriptor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bean property additionally looking in the sub types.
+   */
+  public BeanProperty findSubTypeProperty(String propertyName) {
+
+    BeanProperty prop = null;
+
+    for (int i = 0, x = children.size(); i < x; i++) {
+      InheritInfo childInfo = children.get(i);
+
+      // recursively search this child bean descriptor
+      prop = childInfo.getBeanDescriptor().findBeanProperty(propertyName);
+
+      if (prop != null) {
+        return prop;
+      }
     }
 
-    private boolean isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable() {
-        if (!descriptor.isDeleteRecurseSkippable()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-            InheritInfo child = children.get(i);
-            if (!child.isNodeDeleteRecurseSkippable()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add the local properties for each sub class below this one.
+   */
+  public void addChildrenProperties(SqlTreeProperties selectProps) {
+
+    for (int i = 0, x = children.size(); i < x; i++) {
+      InheritInfo childInfo = children.get(i);
+      selectProps.add(childInfo.descriptor.propertiesLocal());
+
+      childInfo.addChildrenProperties(selectProps);
     }
-	
-	/**
-	 * Set the descriptor for this node.
-	 */
-	public void setDescriptor(BeanDescriptor<?> descriptor) {
-		
-		this.descriptor = descriptor;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Return the associated BeanDescriptor for this node.
-	 */
-	public BeanDescriptor<?> getBeanDescriptor() {
-		return descriptor;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get the bean property additionally looking in the sub types.
-	 */
-	public BeanProperty findSubTypeProperty(String propertyName) {
-		
-		BeanProperty prop = null;
-		
-		for (int i = 0, x=children.size(); i < x; i++) {
-			InheritInfo childInfo = children.get(i);
-			
-			// recursively search this child bean descriptor
-			prop = childInfo.getBeanDescriptor().findBeanProperty(propertyName);
-			
-			if (prop != null){
-				return prop;
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return null;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Add the local properties for each sub class below this one.
-	 */
-	public void addChildrenProperties(SqlTreeProperties selectProps) {
-		
-		for (int i = 0, x=children.size(); i < x; i++) {
-			InheritInfo childInfo = children.get(i);
-			selectProps.add(childInfo.descriptor.propertiesLocal());
-			
-			childInfo.addChildrenProperties(selectProps);
-		}
-	}
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the associated InheritInfo for this DB row read.
-     */
-    public InheritInfo readType(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
+  /**
+   * Return the associated InheritInfo for this DB row read.
+   */
+  public InheritInfo readType(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
 
-        String discValue = ctx.getDataReader().getString();
-        return readType(discValue);
-    }
-	
-    /**
-     * Return the associated InheritInfo for this discriminator value.
-     */
-    public InheritInfo readType(String discValue) {
+    String discValue = ctx.getDataReader().getString();
+    return readType(discValue);
+  }
 
-        if (discValue == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
+  /**
+   * Return the associated InheritInfo for this discriminator value.
+   */
+  public InheritInfo readType(String discValue) {
 
-        InheritInfo typeInfo = root.getType(discValue);
-        if (typeInfo == null) {
-            String m = "Inheritance type for discriminator value [" + discValue + "] was not found?";
-            throw new PersistenceException(m);
-        }
-
-        return typeInfo;
+    if (discValue == null) {
+      return null;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the associated InheritInfo for this bean type.
-     */
-    public InheritInfo readType(Class<?> beanType) {
-
-        InheritInfo typeInfo = root.getTypeByClass(beanType);
-        if (typeInfo == null) {
-            String m = "Inheritance type for bean type [" + beanType.getName() + "] was not found?";
-            throw new PersistenceException(m);
-        }
-
-        return typeInfo;
+    InheritInfo typeInfo = root.getType(discValue);
+    if (typeInfo == null) {
+      throw new PersistenceException("Inheritance type for discriminator value [" + discValue + "] was not found?");
     }
+    return typeInfo;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Create an EntityBean for this type.
-	 */
-	public EntityBean createEntityBean() {
-		return descriptor.createEntityBean();
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Return the IdBinder for this type.
-	 */
-	public IdBinder getIdBinder() {
-		return descriptor.getIdBinder();
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * return the type.
-	 */
-	public Class<?> getType() {
-		return type;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the associated InheritInfo for this bean type.
+   */
+  public InheritInfo readType(Class<?> beanType) {
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the root node of the tree.
-	 * <p>
-	 * The root has a map of discriminator values to types.
-	 * </p>
-	 */
-	public InheritInfo getRoot() {
-		return root;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Return the parent node.
-	 */
-    public InheritInfo getParent() {
-        return parent;
+    InheritInfo typeInfo = root.getTypeByClass(beanType);
+    if (typeInfo == null) {
+      throw new PersistenceException("Inheritance type for bean type [" + beanType.getName() + "] was not found?");
     }
-    
-	/**
-	 * Return true if this is abstract node.
-	 */
-	public boolean isAbstract() {
-		return (discriminatorValue == null);
-	}
+    return typeInfo;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return true if this is the root node.
-	 */
-	public boolean isRoot() {
-		return parent == null;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Create an EntityBean for this type.
+   */
+  public EntityBean createEntityBean() {
+    return descriptor.createEntityBean();
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * For a discriminator get the inheritance information for this tree.
-	 */
-	public InheritInfo getType(String discValue) {
-		return discMap.get(discValue);
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Return the InheritInfo for the given bean type.
-	 */
-    private InheritInfo getTypeByClass(Class<?> beanType) {
-        return typeMap.get(beanType.getName());
+  /**
+   * Return the IdBinder for this type.
+   */
+  public IdBinder getIdBinder() {
+    return descriptor.getIdBinder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return the type.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getType() {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the root node of the tree.
+   * <p>
+   * The root has a map of discriminator values to types.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public InheritInfo getRoot() {
+    return root;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the parent node.
+   */
+  public InheritInfo getParent() {
+    return parent;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is abstract node.
+   */
+  public boolean isAbstract() {
+    return (discriminatorValue == null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this is the root node.
+   */
+  public boolean isRoot() {
+    return parent == null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For a discriminator get the inheritance information for this tree.
+   */
+  public InheritInfo getType(String discValue) {
+    return discMap.get(discValue);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the InheritInfo for the given bean type.
+   */
+  private InheritInfo getTypeByClass(Class<?> beanType) {
+    return typeMap.get(beanType.getName());
+  }
+
+  private void registerWithRoot(InheritInfo info) {
+    if (info.getDiscriminatorStringValue() != null) {
+      String stringDiscValue = info.getDiscriminatorStringValue();
+      discMap.put(stringDiscValue, info);
     }
+    typeMap.put(info.getType().getName(), info);
+  }
 
-	private void registerWithRoot(InheritInfo info) {
-		if (info.getDiscriminatorStringValue() != null) {
-			String stringDiscValue = info.getDiscriminatorStringValue();
-			discMap.put(stringDiscValue, info);
-		}
-		typeMap.put(info.getType().getName(), info);
-	}
+  /**
+   * Add a child node.
+   */
+  public void addChild(InheritInfo childInfo) {
+    children.add(childInfo);
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Add a child node.
-	 */
-	public void addChild(InheritInfo childInfo) {
-		children.add(childInfo);
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the derived where for the discriminator.
+   */
+  public String getWhere() {
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the derived where for the discriminator.
-	 */
-	public String getWhere() {
+    return where;
+  }
 
-		return where;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the column name of the discriminator.
+   */
+  public String getDiscriminatorColumn() {
+    return discriminatorColumn;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the column name of the discriminator.
-	 */
-	public String getDiscriminatorColumn() {
-		return discriminatorColumn;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the sql type of the discriminator value.
+   */
+  public int getDiscriminatorType() {
+    return discriminatorType;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the sql type of the discriminator value.
-	 */
-	public int getDiscriminatorType() {
-		return discriminatorType;
-	}
-	
-	
-	/**
-	 * Return the length of the discriminator column.
-	 */
-	public int getDiscriminatorLength() {
-		return discriminatorLength;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the length of the discriminator column.
+   */
+  public int getDiscriminatorLength() {
+    return discriminatorLength;
+  }
 
-	/**
-	 * Return the discriminator value for this node.
-	 */
-	public String getDiscriminatorStringValue() {
-		return discriminatorStringValue;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Return the discriminator value for this node.
+   */
+  public String getDiscriminatorStringValue() {
+    return discriminatorStringValue;
+  }
 
-	public Object getDiscriminatorValue() {
-		return discriminatorValue;
-	}
-	
-	public String toString() {
-		return "InheritInfo[" + type.getName() + "] disc[" + discriminatorStringValue + "]";
-	}
+  public Object getDiscriminatorValue() {
+    return discriminatorValue;
+  }
+
+  public String toString() {
+    return "InheritInfo[" + type.getName() + "] disc[" + discriminatorStringValue + "]";
+  }
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/IntersectionRow.java

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Map.Entry;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.EbeanServer;
 import com.avaje.ebean.SqlUpdate;
@@ -15,129 +13,113 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.util.DefaultExpressionRequest;
 
 public class IntersectionRow {
 
-	private final String tableName;
+  private final String tableName;
 
-	private final LinkedHashMap<String,Object> values = new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
+  private final LinkedHashMap<String, Object> values = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
 
-	private ArrayList<Object> excludeIds;
-	private BeanDescriptor<?> excludeDescriptor;
+  private ArrayList<Object> excludeIds;
+  private BeanDescriptor<?> excludeDescriptor;
 
-	public IntersectionRow(String tableName){
-		this.tableName = tableName;
-	}
-	
-	/**
-	 * Set Id's to exclude. This is for deleting non-attached detail Id's.
-	 */
-	public void setExcludeIds(ArrayList<Object> excludeIds, BeanDescriptor<?> excludeDescriptor){
-		this.excludeIds = excludeIds;
-		this.excludeDescriptor = excludeDescriptor;
-	}
+  public IntersectionRow(String tableName) {
+    this.tableName = tableName;
+  }
 
-	public void put(String key, Object value){
-		values.put(key, value);
-	}
+  /**
+   * Set Id's to exclude. This is for deleting non-attached detail Id's.
+   */
+  public void setExcludeIds(ArrayList<Object> excludeIds, BeanDescriptor<?> excludeDescriptor) {
+    this.excludeIds = excludeIds;
+    this.excludeDescriptor = excludeDescriptor;
+  }
 
+  public void put(String key, Object value) {
+    values.put(key, value);
+  }
 
-	   
-	public SqlUpdate createInsert(EbeanServer server){
+  public SqlUpdate createInsert(EbeanServer server) {
 
+    BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
 
-		BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("insert into ").append(tableName).append(" (");
 
-		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-		sb.append("insert into ").append(tableName).append(" (");
-
-		int count = 0;
-		Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> it = values.entrySet().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			if (count++ > 0){
-				sb.append(", ");
-			}
-
-			Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = it.next();
-			sb.append(entry.getKey());
-
-			bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
-		}
-
-		sb.append(") values (");
-		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-			if (i > 0){
-				sb.append(", ");
-			}
-			sb.append("?");
-		}
-		sb.append(")");
-
-		return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
-	}
-
-	public SqlUpdate createDelete(EbeanServer server){
-
-
-		BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
-
-
-		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-		sb.append("delete from ").append(tableName).append(" where ");
-
-		int count = 0;
-		Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> it = values.entrySet().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			if (count++ > 0){
-				sb.append(" and ");
-			}
-
-			Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = it.next();
-
-			sb.append(entry.getKey());
-			sb.append(" = ?");
-
-			bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
-		}
-		if (excludeIds != null){
-			IdInExpression idIn = new IdInExpression(excludeIds);
-			
-			DefaultExpressionRequest er = new DefaultExpressionRequest(excludeDescriptor);
-			idIn.addSqlNoAlias(er);
-			idIn.addBindValues(er);
-			
-			sb.append(" and not ( ");
-			sb.append(er.getSql());
-			sb.append(" ) ");
-			
-			ArrayList<Object> bindValues = er.getBindValues();
-			for (int i = 0; i < bindValues.size(); i++) {
-				bindParams.setParameter(++count, bindValues.get(i));
-			}
-		}
-
-		return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
-	}
-
-    public SqlUpdate createDeleteChildren(EbeanServer server) {
-
-        BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
-
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        sb.append("delete from ").append(tableName).append(" where ");
-
-        int count = 0;
-        Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> it = values.entrySet().iterator();
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-            if (count++ > 0) {
-                sb.append(" and ");
-            }
-
-            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = it.next();
-
-            sb.append(entry.getKey());
-            sb.append(" = ?");
-
-            bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
-        }
-
-        return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
+    int count = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      if (count++ > 0) {
+        sb.append(", ");
+      }
+      sb.append(entry.getKey());
+      bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
     }
+
+    sb.append(") values (");
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        sb.append(", ");
+      }
+      sb.append("?");
+    }
+    sb.append(")");
+
+    return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
+  }
+
+  public SqlUpdate createDelete(EbeanServer server) {
+
+    BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
+
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("delete from ").append(tableName).append(" where ");
+
+    int count = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      if (count++ > 0) {
+        sb.append(" and ");
+      }
+      sb.append(entry.getKey());
+      sb.append(" = ?");
+      bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
+    }
+
+    if (excludeIds != null) {
+      IdInExpression idIn = new IdInExpression(excludeIds);
+
+      DefaultExpressionRequest er = new DefaultExpressionRequest(excludeDescriptor);
+      idIn.addSqlNoAlias(er);
+      idIn.addBindValues(er);
+
+      sb.append(" and not ( ");
+      sb.append(er.getSql());
+      sb.append(" ) ");
+
+      ArrayList<Object> bindValues = er.getBindValues();
+      for (int i = 0; i < bindValues.size(); i++) {
+        bindParams.setParameter(++count, bindValues.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
+  }
+
+  public SqlUpdate createDeleteChildren(EbeanServer server) {
+
+    BindParams bindParams = new BindParams();
+
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("delete from ").append(tableName).append(" where ");
+
+    int count = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      if (count++ > 0) {
+        sb.append(" and ");
+      }
+
+      sb.append(entry.getKey());
+      sb.append(" = ?");
+
+      bindParams.setParameter(count, entry.getValue());
+    }
+
+    return new DefaultSqlUpdate(server, sb.toString(), bindParams);
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/TableJoin.java

@@ -10,16 +10,13 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployTableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployTableJoinColumn;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SplitName;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlBeanLoad;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Represents a join to another table.
  */
 public final class TableJoin {
 
-  public static final String LEFT_OUTER = "left outer join";
-
-  public static final String JOIN = "join";
-
   /**
    * Flag set when the imported key maps to the primary key. This occurs for
    * intersection tables (ManyToMany).
@@ -32,9 +29,9 @@ public final class TableJoin {
   private final String table;
 
   /**
-   * The type of join. LEFT OUTER etc.
+   * The type of join as per deployment (cardinality and optionality).
    */
-  private final String type;
+  private final SqlJoinType type;
 
   /**
    * The persist cascade info.
@@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ public final class TableJoin {
 
     this.importedPrimaryKey = deploy.isImportedPrimaryKey();
     this.table = InternString.intern(deploy.getTable());
-    this.type = InternString.intern(deploy.getType());
+    this.type = deploy.getType();
     this.cascadeInfo = deploy.getCascadeInfo();
     this.inheritInfo = deploy.getInheritInfo();
 
@@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ public final class TableJoin {
   /**
    * Return the type of join. LEFT OUTER JOIN etc.
    */
-  public String getType() {
+  public SqlJoinType getType() {
     return type;
   }
 
@@ -157,32 +154,26 @@ public final class TableJoin {
    * Return true if this join is a left outer join.
    */
   public boolean isOuterJoin() {
-    return type.equals(LEFT_OUTER);
+    return type == SqlJoinType.OUTER;
   }
 
-  public boolean addJoin(boolean forceOuterJoin, String prefix, DbSqlContext ctx) {
+  public SqlJoinType addJoin(SqlJoinType joinType, String prefix, DbSqlContext ctx) {
 
     String[] names = SplitName.split(prefix);
     String a1 = ctx.getTableAlias(names[0]);
     String a2 = ctx.getTableAlias(prefix);
 
-    return addJoin(forceOuterJoin, a1, a2, ctx);
+    return addJoin(joinType, a1, a2, ctx);
   }
 
-  public boolean addJoin(boolean forceOuterJoin, String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
+  public SqlJoinType addJoin(SqlJoinType joinType, String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
 
    	String inheritance = inheritInfo != null ? inheritInfo.getWhere() : null;
 
-    ctx.addJoin(forceOuterJoin?LEFT_OUTER:type, table, columns(), a1, a2, inheritance);
+   	String joinLiteral = joinType.getLiteral(type);
+   	ctx.addJoin(joinLiteral, table, columns(), a1, a2, inheritance);
         
-    return forceOuterJoin || LEFT_OUTER.equals(type);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Explicitly add a (non-outer) join.
-   */
-  public void addInnerJoin(String a1, String a2, DbSqlContext ctx) {
-   	String inheritance = inheritInfo != null ? inheritInfo.getWhere() : null;
-    ctx.addJoin(JOIN, table, columns(), a1, a2, inheritance);
+   	return joinType.autoToOuter(type);
   }
+  
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/id/ImportedIdEmbedded.java

@@ -13,18 +13,17 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.DbSqlContext;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.IntersectionRow;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.persist.dml.GenerateDmlRequest;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.persist.dmlbind.BindableRequest;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.util.ValueUtil;
 
 /**
  * Imported Embedded id.
  */
 public class ImportedIdEmbedded implements ImportedId {
 	
-	final BeanPropertyAssoc<?> owner;
+	private final BeanPropertyAssoc<?> owner;
 
-	final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> foreignAssocOne;
+	private final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> foreignAssocOne;
 
-	final ImportedIdSimple[] imported;
+	private final ImportedIdSimple[] imported;
 	
 	public ImportedIdEmbedded(BeanPropertyAssoc<?> owner, BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> foreignAssocOne, ImportedIdSimple[] imported) {
 		this.owner = owner;

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/meta/DeployBeanDescriptor.java

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import javax.persistence.Entity;
+import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass;
+
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -133,9 +135,9 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
    */
   private Class<T> beanType;
 
-  private List<BeanPersistController> persistControllers = new ArrayList<BeanPersistController>();
-  private List<BeanPersistListener<T>> persistListeners = new ArrayList<BeanPersistListener<T>>();
-  private List<BeanQueryAdapter> queryAdapters = new ArrayList<BeanQueryAdapter>();
+  private List<BeanPersistController> persistControllers = new ArrayList<BeanPersistController>(2);
+  private List<BeanPersistListener<T>> persistListeners = new ArrayList<BeanPersistListener<T>>(2);
+  private List<BeanQueryAdapter> queryAdapters = new ArrayList<BeanQueryAdapter>(2);
 
   private CacheOptions cacheOptions = new CacheOptions();
 
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
   /**
    * The table joins for this bean. Server side only.
    */
-  private ArrayList<DeployTableJoin> tableJoinList = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoin>();
+  private ArrayList<DeployTableJoin> tableJoinList = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoin>(2);
 
   /**
    * Inheritance information. Server side only.
@@ -226,9 +228,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     boolean missingMethods = false;
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
       if (!prop.isTransient()) {
         String m = "";
         if (prop.getReadMethod() == null) {
@@ -704,10 +704,10 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Return an Iterator of all BeanProperty.
+   * Return a collection of all BeanProperty deployment information.
    */
-  public Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> propertiesAll() {
-    return propMap.values().iterator();
+  public Collection<DeployBeanProperty> propertiesAll() {
+    return propMap.values();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -719,9 +719,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     boolean hasLazyFetch = false;
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
       if (prop.isTransient()) {
         // ignore transient props etc
       } else if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>) {
@@ -794,9 +792,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty> list = new ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty>(2);
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
       if (prop.isId()) {
         list.add(prop);
       }
@@ -825,9 +821,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     ArrayList<DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>> list = new ArrayList<DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>>();
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
       if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) {
         if (!prop.isEmbedded()) {
           list.add((DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) prop);
@@ -846,9 +840,7 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     ArrayList<DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>> list = new ArrayList<DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>>();
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
       if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>) {
         list.add((DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>) prop);
       }
@@ -866,13 +858,8 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty> list = new ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty>();
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
-
-      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?>) {
-
-      } else {
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
+      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?> == false) {
         if (!prop.isId() && prop.isVersionColumn()) {
           list.add(prop);
         }
@@ -889,13 +876,8 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
 
     ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty> list = new ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty>();
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
-
-      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?>) {
-
-      } else {
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : propMap.values()) {
+      if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?> == false) {
         if (!prop.isId()) {
           list.add(prop);
         }
@@ -905,4 +887,32 @@ public class DeployBeanDescriptor<T> {
     return list;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Check the mapping for class inheritance
+   */
+  public void checkInheritanceMapping() {
+    if (inheritInfo == null) {
+      checkInheritance(getBeanType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check valid mapping annotations on the class hierarchy. 
+   */
+  private void checkInheritance(Class<?> beanType) {
+    
+    Class<?> parent = beanType.getSuperclass();
+    if (parent == null || Object.class.equals(parent)) {
+      // all good
+      return;
+    }
+    if (parent.isAnnotationPresent(Entity.class)) {
+      String msg = "Checking "+getBeanType()+" and found "+parent+" that has @Entity annotation rather than MappedSuperclass?";
+      throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
+    }
+    if (parent.isAnnotationPresent(MappedSuperclass.class)) {
+      // continue checking
+      checkInheritance(parent);
+    }
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/meta/DeployBeanProperty.java

@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ public class DeployBeanProperty {
 
     private boolean unique;
 
+    private boolean discriminator;
+    
     /**
      * The length or precision of the DB column.
      */
@@ -215,6 +217,9 @@ public class DeployBeanProperty {
     
     private int sortOrder;
 
+    private boolean indexed;
+    private String indexName;
+
     public DeployBeanProperty(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<?> propertyType, ScalarType<?> scalarType, ScalarTypeConverter<?, ?> typeConverter) {
         this.desc = desc;
         this.propertyType = propertyType;
@@ -336,6 +341,20 @@ public class DeployBeanProperty {
         this.undirectionalShadow = undirectionalShadow;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Mark this property as mapping to the discriminator column.
+     */
+    public void setDiscriminator(boolean discriminator) {
+      this.discriminator = discriminator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if this property maps to the inheritance discriminator column.s
+     */
+    public boolean isDiscriminator() {
+      return discriminator;
+    }
+    
     /**
      * Return true if the property is encrypted in java rather than in the DB.
      */
@@ -914,4 +933,19 @@ public class DeployBeanProperty {
         return desc.getFullName() + "." + name;
     }
 
+    public boolean isIndexed() {
+      return indexed;
+    }
+
+    public void setIndexed(boolean indexed) {
+      this.indexed = indexed;
+    }
+
+    public String getIndexName() {
+      return indexName;
+    }
+
+    public void setIndexName(String indexName) {
+      this.indexName = indexName;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/meta/DeployBeanPropertyLists.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -16,7 +15,9 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocOne;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyCompound;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertySimpleCollection;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.InheritInfo;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarTypeString;
 
 /**
  * Helper object to classify BeanProperties into appropriate lists.
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ public class DeployBeanPropertyLists {
 
   private final ArrayList<BeanProperty> local = new ArrayList<BeanProperty>();
 
+  private final ArrayList<BeanProperty> mutable = new ArrayList<BeanProperty>();
+
   private final ArrayList<BeanProperty> manys = new ArrayList<BeanProperty>();
   
   private final ArrayList<BeanProperty> nonManys = new ArrayList<BeanProperty>();
@@ -72,22 +75,32 @@ public class DeployBeanPropertyLists {
 
     this.propertyMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, BeanProperty>();
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> deployIt = deploy.propertiesAll();
-    while (deployIt.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty deployProp = deployIt.next();
-      BeanProperty beanProp = createBeanProperty(owner, deployProp);
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : deploy.propertiesAll()) {
+      BeanProperty beanProp = createBeanProperty(owner, prop);
       propertyMap.put(beanProp.getName(), beanProp);
     }
 
-    Iterator<BeanProperty> it = propertyMap.values().iterator();
-
     int order = 0;
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      BeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (BeanProperty prop : propertyMap.values()) {
       prop.setDeployOrder(order++);
       allocateToList(prop);
     }
 
+    InheritInfo inheritInfo = deploy.getInheritInfo();
+    if (inheritInfo != null) {
+      // Create a BeanProperty for the discriminator column to support 
+      // using RawSql queries with inheritance
+      String discriminatorColumn = inheritInfo.getDiscriminatorColumn();
+      DeployBeanProperty discDeployProp = new DeployBeanProperty(deploy, String.class, new ScalarTypeString(), null);
+      discDeployProp.setDiscriminator(true);
+      discDeployProp.setName(discriminatorColumn);
+      discDeployProp.setDbColumn(discriminatorColumn);
+      
+      // create the discriminator BeanProperty and only register it in the propertyMap
+      BeanProperty dprop = new BeanProperty(owner, desc, discDeployProp);
+      propertyMap.put(dprop.getName(), dprop);
+    }
+    
     List<DeployTableJoin> deployTableJoins = deploy.getTableJoins();
     tableJoins = new TableJoin[deployTableJoins.size()];
     for (int i = 0; i < deployTableJoins.size(); i++) {
@@ -118,6 +131,10 @@ public class DeployBeanPropertyLists {
       nonTransients.add(prop);
     }
 
+    if (prop.isMutableScalarType()) {
+      mutable.add(prop);
+    }
+    
     if (desc.getInheritInfo() != null && prop.isLocal()) {
       local.add(prop);
     }
@@ -180,7 +197,7 @@ public class DeployBeanPropertyLists {
 
   public BeanProperty getId() {
     if (ids.size() > 1) {
-      String msg = "Ebean does not support multiple @Id properties. You need to convert to using an @EmbeddedId."
+      String msg = "Issue with bean "+desc+". Ebean does not support multiple @Id properties. You need to convert to using an @EmbeddedId."
           +" Please email the ebean google group if you need further clarification.";
       throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
     }
@@ -206,6 +223,10 @@ public class DeployBeanPropertyLists {
     return (BeanProperty[]) local.toArray(new BeanProperty[local.size()]);
   }
 
+  public BeanProperty[] getMutable() {
+    return (BeanProperty[]) mutable.toArray(new BeanProperty[mutable.size()]);
+  }
+
   public BeanPropertyAssocOne<?>[] getEmbedded() {
     return (BeanPropertyAssocOne[]) embedded.toArray(new BeanPropertyAssocOne[embedded.size()]);
   }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/meta/DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection.java

@@ -2,40 +2,28 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.bean.BeanCollection.ModifyListenMode;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.ManyType;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarType;
 
 public class DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection<T> extends DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<T> {
 
-    private final ScalarType<T> collectionScalarType;
-    
-    public DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<T> targetType, ScalarType<T> scalarType, ManyType manyType) {
-        super(desc, targetType, manyType);
-        this.collectionScalarType = scalarType;
-        this.modifyListenMode = ModifyListenMode.ALL;
-    }
+  public DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<T> targetType, ManyType manyType) {
+    super(desc, targetType, manyType);
+    this.modifyListenMode = ModifyListenMode.ALL;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the scalarType of the collection elements.
-     */
-    public ScalarType<T> getCollectionScalarType() {
-        return collectionScalarType;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns false as never a ManyToMany.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isManyToMany() {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns false as never a ManyToMany.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean isManyToMany() {
-        return false;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Returns true as always Unidirectional.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isUnidirectional() {
+    return true;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns true as always Unidirectional.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean isUnidirectional() {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/meta/DeployTableJoin.java

@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
 
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.Message;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanCascadeInfo;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanTable;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.InheritInfo;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Represents a join to another table during deployment phase.
@@ -18,201 +17,196 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
  */
 public class DeployTableJoin {
 
-    /**
-     * Flag set when the imported key maps to the primary key.
-     * This occurs for intersection tables (ManyToMany).
-     */
-    private boolean importedPrimaryKey;
-    
-    /**
-     * The joined table.
-     */
-    private String table;
-    
-    /**
-     * The type of join. LEFT OUTER etc.
-     */
-    private String type = TableJoin.JOIN;
+  /**
+   * Flag set when the imported key maps to the primary key. This occurs for intersection tables
+   * (ManyToMany).
+   */
+  private boolean importedPrimaryKey;
 
-    /**
-     * The list of properties mapped to this joined table.
-     */
-    private ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty> properties = new ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty>();
+  /**
+   * The joined table.
+   */
+  private String table;
 
-    /**
-     * The list of join column pairs. Used to generate the on clause.
-     */
-    private ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn> columns = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn>();
+  /**
+   * The type of join. LEFT OUTER etc.
+   */
+  private SqlJoinType type = SqlJoinType.INNER;
 
-    /**
-     * The persist cascade info.
-     */
-    private BeanCascadeInfo cascadeInfo = new BeanCascadeInfo();
-    
-    private InheritInfo inheritInfo;
+  /**
+   * The list of properties mapped to this joined table.
+   */
+  private ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty> properties = new ArrayList<DeployBeanProperty>();
 
-    /**
-     * Create a DeployTableJoin.
-     */
-    public DeployTableJoin() {
-    }
-    
-    public String toString() {
-        return type + " " + table + " " + columns;
+  /**
+   * The list of join column pairs. Used to generate the on clause.
+   */
+  private ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn> columns = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn>(4);
+
+  /**
+   * The persist cascade info.
+   */
+  private BeanCascadeInfo cascadeInfo = new BeanCascadeInfo();
+
+  private InheritInfo inheritInfo;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a DeployTableJoin.
+   */
+  public DeployTableJoin() {
+  }
+
+  public String toString() {
+    return type + " " + table + " " + columns;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the imported foreign key maps to the primary key.
+   */
+  public boolean isImportedPrimaryKey() {
+    return importedPrimaryKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flag set when the imported key maps to the primary key. This occurs for intersection tables
+   * (ManyToMany).
+   */
+  public void setImportedPrimaryKey(boolean importedPrimaryKey) {
+    this.importedPrimaryKey = importedPrimaryKey;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the JoinOnPair have been set.
+   */
+  public boolean hasJoinColumns() {
+    return columns.size() > 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the persist info.
+   */
+  public BeanCascadeInfo getCascadeInfo() {
+    return cascadeInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copy all the columns to this join potentially reversing the columns.
+   */
+  public void setColumns(DeployTableJoinColumn[] cols, boolean reverse) {
+    columns = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < cols.length; i++) {
+      addJoinColumn(cols[i].copy(reverse));
     }
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return true if the imported foreign key maps to the primary key.
-     */
-    public boolean isImportedPrimaryKey() {
-		return importedPrimaryKey;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Add a join pair
+   */
+  public void addJoinColumn(DeployTableJoinColumn pair) {
+    columns.add(pair);
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Flag set when the imported key maps to the primary key.
-     * This occurs for intersection tables (ManyToMany).
-     */
-	public void setImportedPrimaryKey(boolean importedPrimaryKey) {
-		this.importedPrimaryKey = importedPrimaryKey;
-	}
+  /**
+   * Add a JoinColumn
+   * <p>
+   * The order is generally true for OneToMany and false for ManyToOne relationships.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void addJoinColumn(boolean order, JoinColumn jc, BeanTable beanTable) {
+    if (!"".equals(jc.table())) {
+      setTable(jc.table());
+    }
+    if (!"".equals(jc.name()) || !"".equals(jc.referencedColumnName())) {
+      // only add the join column details when name or referencedColumnName is specified
+      addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(order, jc, beanTable));
+    }
+  }
 
-	/**
-     * Return true if the JoinOnPair have been set.
-     */
-    public boolean hasJoinColumns() {
-        return columns.size() > 0;
+  /**
+   * Add a JoinColumn array.
+   */
+  public void addJoinColumn(boolean order, JoinColumn[] jcArray, BeanTable beanTable) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < jcArray.length; i++) {
+      addJoinColumn(order, jcArray[i], beanTable);
     }
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the persist info.
-     */
-    public BeanCascadeInfo getCascadeInfo() {
-        return cascadeInfo;
-    }
-    
+  /**
+   * Return the join columns.
+   */
+  public DeployTableJoinColumn[] columns() {
+    return (DeployTableJoinColumn[]) columns.toArray(new DeployTableJoinColumn[columns.size()]);
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Copy all the columns to this join potentially reversing the columns.
-     */
-	public void setColumns(DeployTableJoinColumn[] cols, boolean reverse) {
-		columns = new ArrayList<DeployTableJoinColumn>();
-		for (int i = 0; i < cols.length; i++) {
-			addJoinColumn(cols[i].copy(reverse));
-		}
-	}
-	
-    /**
-     * Add a join pair
-     */
-    public void addJoinColumn(DeployTableJoinColumn pair) {
-        columns.add(pair);
-    }
+  /**
+   * For secondary table joins returns the properties mapped to that table.
+   */
+  public DeployBeanProperty[] properties() {
+    return (DeployBeanProperty[]) properties.toArray(new DeployBeanProperty[properties.size()]);
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Add a JoinColumn
-     * <p>
-     * The order is generally true for OneToMany and false for ManyToOne relationships.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    public void addJoinColumn(boolean order, JoinColumn jc, BeanTable beanTable) {
-		if (!"".equals(jc.table())) {
-			setTable(jc.table());
-		}
-    	addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(order, jc, beanTable));
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Add a JoinColumn array.
-     */
-    public void addJoinColumn(boolean order, JoinColumn[] jcArray, BeanTable beanTable) {
-    	for (int i = 0; i < jcArray.length; i++) {
-    		addJoinColumn(order, jcArray[i], beanTable);
-		}
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Return the join columns.
-     */
-    public DeployTableJoinColumn[] columns() {
-    	return (DeployTableJoinColumn[])columns.toArray(new DeployTableJoinColumn[columns.size()]);
-    }
+  /**
+   * Return the joined table name.
+   */
+  public String getTable() {
+    return table;
+  }
 
-    
-    /**
-     * For secondary table joins returns the properties mapped to that table.
-     */
-    public DeployBeanProperty[] properties() {
-    	return (DeployBeanProperty[])properties.toArray(new DeployBeanProperty[properties.size()]);
-    }
+  /**
+   * set the joined table name.
+   */
+  public void setTable(String table) {
+    this.table = table;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the joined table name.
-     */
-    public String getTable() {
-        return table;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Return the type of join. LEFT OUTER JOIN etc.
+   */
+  public SqlJoinType getType() {
+    return type;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * set the joined table name.
-     */
-    public void setTable(String table) {
-        this.table = table;
-    }
+  /**
+   * Return true if this join is a left outer join.
+   */
+  public boolean isOuterJoin() {
+    return type == SqlJoinType.OUTER;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return the type of join. LEFT OUTER JOIN etc.
-     */
-    public String getType() {
-        return type;
-    }
+  public void setType(SqlJoinType type) {
+    this.type = type;
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * Return true if this join is a left outer join.
-     */
-    public boolean isOuterJoin() {
-        return type.equals(TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER);
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Set the type of join.
-     */
-    public void setType(String joinType) {
-        joinType = joinType.toUpperCase();
-        if (joinType.equalsIgnoreCase(TableJoin.JOIN)) {
-            type = TableJoin.JOIN;
-        } else if (joinType.indexOf("LEFT") > -1) {
-            type = TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER;
-        } else if (joinType.indexOf("OUTER") > -1) {
-            type = TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER;
-        } else if (joinType.indexOf("INNER") > -1) {
-            type = TableJoin.JOIN;
-        } else {
-            throw new RuntimeException(Message.msg("join.type.unknown", joinType));
-        }
-    }
-    
-    public DeployTableJoin createInverse(String tableName) {
-    	
-    	DeployTableJoin inverse = new DeployTableJoin();
+  public DeployTableJoin createInverse(String tableName) {
 
-        return copyTo(inverse, true, tableName);
+    DeployTableJoin inverse = new DeployTableJoin();
+    return copyInternal(inverse, true, tableName, true);
+  }
 
+  public DeployTableJoin copyTo(DeployTableJoin destJoin, boolean reverse, String tableName) {
+    return copyInternal(destJoin, reverse, tableName, true);
+  }
+
+  public DeployTableJoin copyWithoutType(DeployTableJoin destJoin, boolean reverse, String tableName) {
+    return copyInternal(destJoin, reverse, tableName, false);
+  }
+
+  private DeployTableJoin copyInternal(DeployTableJoin destJoin, boolean reverse, String tableName, boolean withType) {
+
+    destJoin.setTable(tableName);
+    if (withType) {
+      destJoin.setType(type);
     }
-    
-    public DeployTableJoin copyTo(DeployTableJoin destJoin, boolean reverse, String tableName) {
-    	
-    	destJoin.setTable(tableName);
-    	destJoin.setType(type);
-    	destJoin.setColumns(columns(), reverse);
-    	
-    	return destJoin;
-    }
+    destJoin.setColumns(columns(), reverse);
 
-	public InheritInfo getInheritInfo() {
-		return inheritInfo;
-	}
+    return destJoin;
+  }
 
-	public void setInheritInfo(InheritInfo inheritInfo) {
-		this.inheritInfo = inheritInfo;
-	}
+  public InheritInfo getInheritInfo() {
+    return inheritInfo;
+  }
+
+  public void setInheritInfo(InheritInfo inheritInfo) {
+    this.inheritInfo = inheritInfo;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/AnnotationAssocManys.java

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
-import java.util.Iterator;
-
 import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
 import javax.persistence.JoinColumns;
 import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
@@ -18,12 +16,12 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.config.TableName;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptorManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanTable;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployTableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployTableJoinColumn;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.StringHelper;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Read the deployment annotation for Assoc Many beans.
@@ -44,9 +42,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocManys extends AnnotationParser {
 	 * Parse the annotations.
 	 */
 	public void parse() {
-		Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = descriptor.propertiesAll();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+		for (DeployBeanProperty prop : descriptor.propertiesAll()) {
 			if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>) {
 				read((DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?>) prop);
 			}
@@ -160,7 +156,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocManys extends AnnotationParser {
 		DeployTableJoin destJoin = prop.getTableJoin();
 		destJoin.addJoinColumn(false, joinTable.inverseJoinColumns(), prop.getBeanTable());
 
-		intJoin.setType(TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER);
+		intJoin.setType(SqlJoinType.OUTER);
 
 		// reverse join from dest back to intersection
 		DeployTableJoin inverseDest = destJoin.createInverse(intTableName);
@@ -216,7 +212,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocManys extends AnnotationParser {
     		intTableName = getM2MJoinTableName(localTable, otherTable);
 
     		intJoin.setTable(intTableName);
-    		intJoin.setType(TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER);
+    		intJoin.setType(SqlJoinType.OUTER);
     	}
 
 		DeployTableJoin destJoin = prop.getTableJoin();
@@ -282,7 +278,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocManys extends AnnotationParser {
 		manyProp.setManyToMany(true);
 		manyProp.setModifyListenMode(ModifyListenMode.ALL);
 		manyProp.setBeanTable(assoc);
-		manyProp.getTableJoin().setType(TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER);
+		manyProp.getTableJoin().setType(SqlJoinType.OUTER);
 	}
 
 	private void readToOne(OneToMany propAnn, DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany<?> manyProp) {
@@ -307,7 +303,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocManys extends AnnotationParser {
 		}
 
 		manyProp.setBeanTable(assoc);
-		manyProp.getTableJoin().setType(TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER);
+		manyProp.getTableJoin().setType(SqlJoinType.OUTER);
 	}
 
 	

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/AnnotationAssocOnes.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import javax.persistence.Column;
@@ -19,10 +18,10 @@ import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.Where;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.NamingConvention;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptorManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanTable;
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.lib.util.StringHelper;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Read the deployment annotations for Associated One beans.
@@ -44,9 +43,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocOnes extends AnnotationParser {
      */
     public void parse() {
 
-        Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = descriptor.propertiesAll();
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-            DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+      for (DeployBeanProperty prop : descriptor.propertiesAll()) {
             if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) {
                 readAssocOne((DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) prop);
             }
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ public class AnnotationAssocOnes extends AnnotationParser {
           if (notNull != null) {
               prop.setNullable(false);
               // overrides optional attribute of ManyToOne etc
-              prop.getTableJoin().setType(TableJoin.JOIN);
+              prop.getTableJoin().setType(SqlJoinType.INNER);
           }
         }
 
@@ -107,10 +104,13 @@ public class AnnotationAssocOnes extends AnnotationParser {
         BeanTable beanTable = prop.getBeanTable();
         JoinColumn joinColumn = get(prop, JoinColumn.class);
         if (joinColumn != null) {
-            prop.getTableJoin().addJoinColumn(false, joinColumn, beanTable);
-            if (!joinColumn.updatable()){
-                prop.setDbUpdateable(false);
-            }
+          prop.getTableJoin().addJoinColumn(false, joinColumn, beanTable);
+          if (!joinColumn.updatable()) {
+            prop.setDbUpdateable(false);
+          }
+          if (!joinColumn.nullable()) {
+            prop.setNullable(false);
+          }
         }
 
         JoinColumns joinColumns = get(prop, JoinColumns.class);

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/AnnotationFields.java

@@ -1,40 +1,21 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
 import java.sql.Types;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
-import javax.persistence.Basic;
-import javax.persistence.Column;
-import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
-import javax.persistence.Enumerated;
-import javax.persistence.FetchType;
-import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
-import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
-import javax.persistence.Id;
-import javax.persistence.Lob;
-import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
-import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
-import javax.persistence.Temporal;
-import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
-import javax.persistence.Transient;
-import javax.persistence.Version;
+import javax.persistence.*;
 import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
 import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
 
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.CreatedTimestamp;
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.EmbeddedColumns;
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.Encrypted;
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.Expose;
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.Formula;
-import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.UpdatedTimestamp;
+import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.*;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.EncryptDeploy;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.EncryptDeploy.Mode;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.GlobalProperties;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbEncrypt;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.DbEncryptFunction;
 import com.avaje.ebean.config.dbplatform.IdType;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.generatedproperty.GeneratedPropertyFactory;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanProperty;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyAssoc;
@@ -66,7 +47,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
 
     if (GlobalProperties.getBoolean("ebean.lobEagerFetch", false)) {
       defaultLobFetchType = FetchType.EAGER;
-    }    
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -74,15 +55,12 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
    */
   public void parse() {
 
-    Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = descriptor.propertiesAll();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : descriptor.propertiesAll()) {
       if (prop instanceof DeployBeanPropertyAssoc<?>) {
         readAssocOne(prop);
       } else {
         readField(prop);
       }
-
     }
   }
 
@@ -108,7 +86,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
       if (prop.isId() && !prop.isEmbedded()) {
         prop.setEmbedded(true);
       }
-      readEmbeddedAttributeOverrides((DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>)prop);
+      readEmbeddedAttributeOverrides((DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) prop);
     }
   }
 
@@ -153,7 +131,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
     if (id != null) {
       readId(id, prop);
     }
-    
+
     // determine the JDBC type using Lob/Temporal
     // otherwise based on the property Class
     Lob lob = get(prop, Lob.class);
@@ -203,9 +181,9 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
       if (notNull != null && isNotNullOnAllValidationGroups(notNull.groups())) {
         // Not null on all validation groups so enable
         // DDL generation of Not Null Constraint
-        prop.setNullable(false);  
+        prop.setNullable(false);
       }
-  
+
       Size size = get(prop, Size.class);
       if (size != null) {
         if (size.max() < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
@@ -233,7 +211,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
 
       } else {
         throw new RuntimeException("Can't use EmbeddedColumns on ScalarType "
-            + prop.getFullBeanName());
+                + prop.getFullBeanName());
       }
     }
 
@@ -250,7 +228,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
     if (!prop.isTransient()) {
 
       EncryptDeploy encryptDeploy = util.getEncryptDeploy(info.getDescriptor().getBaseTableFull(),
-          prop.getDbColumn());
+              prop.getDbColumn());
       if (encryptDeploy == null || encryptDeploy.getMode().equals(Mode.MODE_ANNOTATION)) {
         Encrypted encrypted = get(prop, Encrypted.class);
         if (encrypted != null) {
@@ -261,6 +239,20 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
       }
     }
 
+    Index index = get(prop, Index.class);
+    if (index != null) {
+      if(hasRelationshipItem(prop)) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Can't use Index on foreign key relationships.");
+      }
+      prop.setIndexed(true);
+      prop.setIndexName(index.value());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean hasRelationshipItem(DeployBeanProperty prop) {
+    return get(prop, OneToMany.class) != null ||
+            get(prop, ManyToOne.class) != null ||
+            get(prop, OneToOne.class) != null;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -317,7 +309,7 @@ public class AnnotationFields extends AnnotationParser {
     }
   }
 
-  @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
   private ScalarTypeEncryptedWrapper<?> createScalarType(DeployBeanProperty prop, ScalarType<?> st) {
 
     // Use Java Encryptor wrapping the logical scalar type

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/AnnotationSql.java

@@ -9,34 +9,33 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.DRawSqlMeta;
  */
 public class AnnotationSql extends AnnotationParser {
 
-	public AnnotationSql(DeployBeanInfo<?> info) {
-		super(info);
-	}
+  public AnnotationSql(DeployBeanInfo<?> info) {
+    super(info);
+  }
 
-	public void parse() {
-		Class<?> cls = descriptor.getBeanType();
-		Sql sql = cls.getAnnotation(Sql.class);
-		if (sql != null){
-			setSql(sql);
-		}
-		
-		
-        SqlSelect sqlSelect = cls.getAnnotation(SqlSelect.class);
-		if (sqlSelect != null){
-			setSqlSelect(sqlSelect);
-		}
-	}
-	
-	private void setSql(Sql sql) {
-		SqlSelect[] select = sql.select();
-		for (int i = 0; i < select.length; i++) {
-			setSqlSelect(select[i]);
-		}
-	}
+  public void parse() {
+    Class<?> cls = descriptor.getBeanType();
+    Sql sql = cls.getAnnotation(Sql.class);
+    if (sql != null) {
+      setSql(sql);
+    }
 
-	private void setSqlSelect(SqlSelect sqlSelect) {
+    SqlSelect sqlSelect = cls.getAnnotation(SqlSelect.class);
+    if (sqlSelect != null) {
+      setSqlSelect(sqlSelect);
+    }
+  }
 
-		DRawSqlMeta rawSqlMeta = new DRawSqlMeta(sqlSelect);
-		descriptor.add(rawSqlMeta);
-	}
+  private void setSql(Sql sql) {
+    SqlSelect[] select = sql.select();
+    for (int i = 0; i < select.length; i++) {
+      setSqlSelect(select[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setSqlSelect(SqlSelect sqlSelect) {
+
+    DRawSqlMeta rawSqlMeta = new DRawSqlMeta(sqlSelect);
+    descriptor.add(rawSqlMeta);
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/DeployBeanInfo.java

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
-import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.TableJoin;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanDescriptor;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployTableJoin;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.query.SqlJoinType;
 
 /**
  * Wraps information about a bean during deployment parsing.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class DeployBeanInfo<T> {
 		if (tableJoin == null) {
 			tableJoin = new DeployTableJoin();
 			tableJoin.setTable(tableName);
-			tableJoin.setType(TableJoin.JOIN);
+			tableJoin.setType(SqlJoinType.INNER);
 			descriptor.addTableJoin(tableJoin);
 
 			tableJoinMap.put(key, tableJoin);
@@ -71,13 +71,8 @@ public class DeployBeanInfo<T> {
 	 */
 	public void setBeanJoinType(DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?> beanProp, boolean outerJoin) {
 
-		String joinType = TableJoin.JOIN;
-		if (outerJoin){// && util.isUseOneToOneOptional()) {
-			joinType = TableJoin.LEFT_OUTER;
-		}
-
 		DeployTableJoin tableJoin = beanProp.getTableJoin();
-		tableJoin.setType(joinType);
+		tableJoin.setType(outerJoin ? SqlJoinType.OUTER : SqlJoinType.INNER);
 	}
 
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/DeployCreateProperties.java

@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 
 import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import javax.persistence.Transient;
 
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.avaje.ebean.annotation.ColumnHstore;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.core.Message;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.DetermineManyType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.ManyType;
@@ -21,10 +24,9 @@ import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertyCompound;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.meta.DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.CtCompoundType;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarType;
+import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.ScalarTypePostgresHstore;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.TypeManager;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.type.reflect.CheckImmutableResponse;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
  * Create the properties for a bean.
@@ -40,355 +42,374 @@ public class DeployCreateProperties {
   private final DetermineManyType determineManyType;
 
 	private final TypeManager typeManager;
-	
-    public DeployCreateProperties(TypeManager typeManager) {
-    	this.typeManager = typeManager;
-      this.determineManyType = new DetermineManyType();
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Create the appropriate properties for a bean.
-     */
-    public void createProperties(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc) {
-    	
-        createProperties(desc, desc.getBeanType(), 0);
-        desc.sortProperties();
-        
-        // check the transient properties...
-        Iterator<DeployBeanProperty> it = desc.propertiesAll();
-        
-        while (it.hasNext()) {
-			DeployBeanProperty prop = it.next();
-			if (prop.isTransient()){
-				if (prop.getWriteMethod() == null || prop.getReadMethod() == null){
-		    		// Typically a helper method ... this is expected
-		    		logger.trace("... transient: "+prop.getFullBeanName());
-				} else {
-					// dubious, possible error...
-		            String msg = Message.msg("deploy.property.nofield", desc.getFullName(), prop.getName());
-		            logger.warn(msg);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-    }
 
-    /**
-     * Return true if we should ignore this field.
-     * <p>
-     * We want to ignore ebean internal fields and some others as well.
-     * </p>
-     */
-    private boolean ignoreFieldByName(String fieldName) {
-    	if (fieldName.startsWith("_ebean_")){
-    		// ignore Ebean internal fields
-    		return true;
-    	} 
-    	if (fieldName.startsWith("ajc$instance$")) {
-    		// ignore AspectJ internal fields
-    		return true;
-    	}
+  public DeployCreateProperties(TypeManager typeManager) {
+    this.typeManager = typeManager;
+    this.determineManyType = new DetermineManyType();
+  }
 
-    	// we are interested in this field
-    	return false;
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * reflect the bean properties from Class. Some of these properties may not
-     * map to database columns.
-     */
-    private void createProperties(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<?> beanType, int level) {
+  /**
+   * Create the appropriate properties for a bean.
+   */
+  public void createProperties(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc) {
 
-        boolean scalaObject = desc.isScalaObject();
+    createProperties(desc, desc.getBeanType(), 0);
+    desc.sortProperties();
 
-        try {
-        	Method[] declaredMethods = beanType.getDeclaredMethods();
-        	Field[] fields = beanType.getDeclaredFields();
-        	
-            for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
-            	
-            	Field field = fields[i];	
-            	if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
-            		// not interested in static fields 
-            	
-            	} else if (Modifier.isTransient(field.getModifiers())) {
-            		// not interested in transient fields
-            		logger.trace("Skipping transient field "+field.getName()+" in "+beanType.getName());
-
-            	} else if (ignoreFieldByName(field.getName())) {
-            		// not interested this field (ebean or aspectJ field)
-            		
-            	} else {
-            	
-                	String fieldName = getFieldName(field, beanType);
-                	String initFieldName = initCap(fieldName);
-
-            		Method getter = findGetter(field, initFieldName, declaredMethods, scalaObject);
-            		Method setter = findSetter(field, initFieldName, declaredMethods, scalaObject);
-            		
-	                DeployBeanProperty prop = createProp(level, desc, field, beanType, getter, setter);
-	                if (prop == null){
-	                	// transient annotation on unsupported type
-	                	
-	                } else {
-		                // set a order that gives priority to inherited properties
-		                // push Id/EmbeddedId up and CreatedTimestamp/UpdatedTimestamp down
-		                int sortOverride = prop.getSortOverride();
-		                prop.setSortOrder((level*10000+100-i + sortOverride));
-		                
-		                DeployBeanProperty replaced = desc.addBeanProperty(prop);
-		                if (replaced != null){
-		                	if (replaced.isTransient()) {
-		                		// expected for inheritance...
-		                	} else {
-		                		String msg = "Huh??? property "+prop.getFullBeanName()+" being defined twice";
-		                		msg += " but replaced property was not transient? This is not expected?";
-		                		logger.warn(msg);
-		                	}
-		                }
-	                }
-            	}
-            }
-
-            Class<?> superClass = beanType.getSuperclass();
-            
-            if (!superClass.equals(Object.class)) {
-                // recursively add any properties in the inheritance heirarchy
-                // up to the Object.class level...
-                createProperties(desc, superClass, level + 1);
-            }
-
-        } catch (PersistenceException ex) {
-            throw ex;
-            
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            throw new PersistenceException(ex);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Make the first letter of the string upper case.
-     */
-    private String initCap(String str){
-    	if (str.length() > 1){
-    		return Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(0))+str.substring(1);
-    	} else {
-    		// only a single char
-    		return str.toUpperCase();
-    	}
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Return the bean spec field name (trim of "is" from boolean types)
-     */
-    private String getFieldName(Field field, Class<?> beanType){
-    	
-    	String name = field.getName();
-    	
-    	if ((Boolean.class.equals(field.getType()) || boolean.class.equals(field.getType())) 
-    			&& name.startsWith("is") && name.length() > 2){
-    		
-    		// it is a boolean type field starting with "is"
-    		char c = name.charAt(2);
-    		if (Character.isUpperCase(c)){
-    			String msg = "trimming off 'is' from boolean field name "+name+" in class "+beanType.getName();
-    			logger.info(msg);
-    			
-    			return name.substring(2);
-    		}
-    	}
-    	return name;
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Find a public non-static getter method that matches this field (according to bean-spec rules).
-     */
-    private Method findGetter(Field field, String initFieldName, Method[] declaredMethods, boolean scalaObject){
- 
-    	String methGetName = "get"+initFieldName;
-    	String methIsName = "is"+initFieldName;
-    	String scalaGet = field.getName();
-  
-    	for (int i = 0; i < declaredMethods.length; i++) {
-    		Method m = declaredMethods[i];
-			if ((scalaObject && m.getName().equals(scalaGet)) 
-			        || m.getName().equals(methGetName) || m.getName().equals(methIsName)){
-			    
-				Class<?>[] params = m.getParameterTypes();
-				if (params.length == 0){
-					if (field.getType().equals(m.getReturnType())){
-						int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
-						if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && !Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
-							// we find it...
-							return m;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-    	return null;
-    }
-    
-    /**
-     * Find a public non-static setter method that matches this field (according to bean-spec rules).
-     */
-    private Method findSetter(Field field, String initFieldName, Method[] declaredMethods, boolean scalaObject){
-    	
-    	String methSetName = "set"+initFieldName;
-    	String scalaSetName = field.getName()+"_$eq";
-    	
-    	for (int i = 0; i < declaredMethods.length; i++) {
-    		Method m = declaredMethods[i];
-    		
-			if ((scalaObject && m.getName().equals(scalaSetName)) 
-			        || m.getName().equals(methSetName)){
-			    
-				Class<?>[] params = m.getParameterTypes();
-				if (params.length == 1 && field.getType().equals(params[0])){
-					if (void.class.equals(m.getReturnType())){
-						int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
-						if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && !Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
-							return m;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-    	return null;
-    }
-    
-    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
-    private DeployBeanProperty createManyType(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<?> targetType, ManyType manyType) {
-
-       try {
-        ScalarType<?> scalarType = typeManager.getScalarType(targetType);
-        if (scalarType != null) {
-            return new DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection(desc, targetType, scalarType, manyType);
-        }
-       } catch (NullPointerException e) {
-         logger.debug("expected non-scalar type"+e.getMessage());
-       }
-        //TODO: Handle Collection of CompoundType and Embedded Type
-        return new DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany(desc, targetType, manyType);
-    }
-    
-    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
-    private DeployBeanProperty createProp(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Field field) {
-        
-        Class<?> propertyType = field.getType();
-        Class<?> innerType = propertyType;
-        
-        // check for Collection type (list, set or map)
-        ManyType manyType = determineManyType.getManyType(propertyType);
-
-        if (manyType != null) {
-            // List, Set or Map based object
-            Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(field);
-            if (targetType == null){
-            	Transient transAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(Transient.class);
-            	if (transAnnotation != null) {
-            		// not supporting this field (generic type used)
-            		return null;
-            	}
-        		logger.warn("Could not find parameter type (via reflection) on "+desc.getFullName()+" "+field.getName());
-            }
-            return createManyType(desc, targetType, manyType);
-        } 
-        
-        if (innerType.isEnum() || innerType.isPrimitive()){
-            return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, null, null);
-        }
-        
-        ScalarType<?> scalarType = typeManager.getScalarType(innerType);
-        if (scalarType != null) {
-            return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, scalarType, null);
-        }
-        
-        CtCompoundType<?> compoundType = typeManager.getCompoundType(innerType);
-        if (compoundType != null) {
-            return new DeployBeanPropertyCompound(desc, propertyType, compoundType, null);
-        }
-     
-        if (!isTransientField(field)){
-            try {
-                CheckImmutableResponse checkImmutable = typeManager.checkImmutable(innerType);
-                if (checkImmutable.isImmutable()){
-                    if (checkImmutable.isCompoundType()){
-                        // use reflection to support compound immutable value objects
-                        typeManager.recursiveCreateScalarDataReader(innerType);
-                        compoundType = typeManager.getCompoundType(innerType);
-                        if (compoundType != null) {
-                            return new DeployBeanPropertyCompound(desc, propertyType, compoundType, null);
-                        }
-                        
-                    } else {
-                        // use reflection to support simple immutable value objects
-                        scalarType = typeManager.recursiveCreateScalarTypes(innerType);
-                        return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, scalarType, null);
-                    }
-                }
-            } catch (Exception e){
-                logger.error("Error with " + desc + " field:" + field.getName(), e);
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return new DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne(desc, propertyType);
-    }
-    
-    private boolean isTransientField(Field field) {
-        
-        Transient t = field.getAnnotation(Transient.class);
-        return (t != null);
-    }
-    
-	private DeployBeanProperty createProp(int level, DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Field field, Class<?> beanType, Method getter, Method setter) {
-    	
-        DeployBeanProperty prop = createProp(desc, field);
-        if (prop == null){
-        	// transient annotation on unsupported type
-        	return null;
+    // check the transient properties...
+    for (DeployBeanProperty prop : desc.propertiesAll()) {
+      if (prop.isTransient()) {
+        if (prop.getWriteMethod() == null || prop.getReadMethod() == null) {
+          // Typically a helper method ... this is expected
+          logger.trace("... transient: " + prop.getFullBeanName());
         } else {
-	        prop.setOwningType(beanType);
-	        prop.setName(field.getName());
-	        
-	        // the getter or setter could be null if we are using
-	        // javaagent type enhancement. If we are using subclass
-	        // generation then we do need to find the getter and setter
-	        prop.setReadMethod(getter);
-	        prop.setWriteMethod(setter);
-	        prop.setField(field);
-	        return prop;
+          // dubious, possible error...
+          String msg = Message.msg("deploy.property.nofield", desc.getFullName(), prop.getName());
+          logger.warn(msg);
         }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if we should ignore this field.
+   * <p>
+   * We want to ignore ebean internal fields and some others as well.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  private boolean ignoreFieldByName(String fieldName) {
+    if (fieldName.startsWith("_ebean_")) {
+      // ignore Ebean internal fields
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (fieldName.startsWith("ajc$instance$")) {
+      // ignore AspectJ internal fields
+      return true;
     }
 
-	/**
-	 * Determine the type of the List,Set or Map. Not been set explicitly so
-	 * determine this from ParameterizedType.
-	 */
-	private Class<?> determineTargetType(Field field) {
-		
-		Type genType = field.getGenericType();
-		if (genType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
-			ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) genType;
+    // we are interested in this field
+    return false;
+  }
 
-			Type[] typeArgs = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();
-			if (typeArgs.length == 1) {
-				// probably a Set or List
-			    if (typeArgs[0] instanceof Class<?>){
-			        return (Class<?>) typeArgs[0];
-			    }
-			    //throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected Parameterised Type? "+typeArgs[0]);
-			    return null;
-			}
-			if (typeArgs.length == 2) {
-				// this is probably a Map
-				if (typeArgs[1] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
-					// not supporting ParameterizedType on Map.
-					return null;
-				}
-				return (Class<?>) typeArgs[1];
-			}
-		}
-		// if targetType is null, then must be set in annotations
-		return null;
-	}
+  /**
+   * reflect the bean properties from Class. Some of these properties may not map to database
+   * columns.
+   */
+  private void createProperties(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<?> beanType, int level) {
+
+    boolean scalaObject = desc.isScalaObject();
+
+    try {
+      Method[] declaredMethods = beanType.getDeclaredMethods();
+      Field[] fields = beanType.getDeclaredFields();
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+
+        Field field = fields[i];
+        if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
+          // not interested in static fields
+
+        } else if (Modifier.isTransient(field.getModifiers())) {
+          // not interested in transient fields
+          logger.trace("Skipping transient field " + field.getName() + " in " + beanType.getName());
+
+        } else if (ignoreFieldByName(field.getName())) {
+          // not interested this field (ebean or aspectJ field)
+
+        } else {
+
+          String fieldName = getFieldName(field, beanType);
+          String initFieldName = initCap(fieldName);
+
+          Method getter = findGetter(field, initFieldName, declaredMethods, scalaObject);
+          Method setter = findSetter(field, initFieldName, declaredMethods, scalaObject);
+
+          DeployBeanProperty prop = createProp(level, desc, field, beanType, getter, setter);
+          if (prop == null) {
+            // transient annotation on unsupported type
+
+          } else {
+            // set a order that gives priority to inherited properties
+            // push Id/EmbeddedId up and CreatedTimestamp/UpdatedTimestamp down
+            int sortOverride = prop.getSortOverride();
+            prop.setSortOrder((level * 10000 + 100 - i + sortOverride));
+
+            DeployBeanProperty replaced = desc.addBeanProperty(prop);
+            if (replaced != null) {
+              if (replaced.isTransient()) {
+                // expected for inheritance...
+              } else {
+                String msg = "Huh??? property " + prop.getFullBeanName() + " being defined twice";
+                msg += " but replaced property was not transient? This is not expected?";
+                logger.warn(msg);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      Class<?> superClass = beanType.getSuperclass();
+
+      if (!superClass.equals(Object.class)) {
+        // recursively add any properties in the inheritance heirarchy
+        // up to the Object.class level...
+        createProperties(desc, superClass, level + 1);
+      }
+
+    } catch (PersistenceException ex) {
+      throw ex;
+
+    } catch (Exception ex) {
+      throw new PersistenceException(ex);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make the first letter of the string upper case.
+   */
+  private String initCap(String str) {
+    if (str.length() > 1) {
+      return Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(0)) + str.substring(1);
+    } else {
+      // only a single char
+      return str.toUpperCase();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the bean spec field name (trim of "is" from boolean types)
+   */
+  private String getFieldName(Field field, Class<?> beanType) {
+
+    String name = field.getName();
+
+    if ((Boolean.class.equals(field.getType()) || boolean.class.equals(field.getType())) && name.startsWith("is")
+        && name.length() > 2) {
+
+      // it is a boolean type field starting with "is"
+      char c = name.charAt(2);
+      if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {
+        String msg = "trimming off 'is' from boolean field name " + name + " in class " + beanType.getName();
+        logger.info(msg);
+
+        return name.substring(2);
+      }
+    }
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find a public non-static getter method that matches this field (according to bean-spec rules).
+   */
+  private Method findGetter(Field field, String initFieldName, Method[] declaredMethods, boolean scalaObject) {
+
+    String methGetName = "get" + initFieldName;
+    String methIsName = "is" + initFieldName;
+    String scalaGet = field.getName();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < declaredMethods.length; i++) {
+      Method m = declaredMethods[i];
+      if ((scalaObject && m.getName().equals(scalaGet)) || m.getName().equals(methGetName)
+          || m.getName().equals(methIsName)) {
+
+        Class<?>[] params = m.getParameterTypes();
+        if (params.length == 0) {
+          if (field.getType().equals(m.getReturnType())) {
+            int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
+            if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && !Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
+              // we find it...
+              return m;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find a public non-static setter method that matches this field (according to bean-spec rules).
+   */
+  private Method findSetter(Field field, String initFieldName, Method[] declaredMethods, boolean scalaObject) {
+
+    String methSetName = "set" + initFieldName;
+    String scalaSetName = field.getName() + "_$eq";
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < declaredMethods.length; i++) {
+      Method m = declaredMethods[i];
+
+      if ((scalaObject && m.getName().equals(scalaSetName)) || m.getName().equals(methSetName)) {
+
+        Class<?>[] params = m.getParameterTypes();
+        if (params.length == 1 && field.getType().equals(params[0])) {
+          if (void.class.equals(m.getReturnType())) {
+            int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
+            if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && !Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
+              return m;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+  private DeployBeanProperty createManyType(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Class<?> targetType, ManyType manyType) {
+
+    try {
+      ScalarType<?> scalarType = typeManager.getScalarType(targetType);
+      if (scalarType != null) {
+        return new DeployBeanPropertySimpleCollection(desc, targetType, manyType);
+      }
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      logger.debug("expected non-scalar type" + e.getMessage());
+    }
+    // TODO: Handle Collection of CompoundType and Embedded Type
+    return new DeployBeanPropertyAssocMany(desc, targetType, manyType);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+  private DeployBeanProperty createProp(DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Field field) {
+
+    Class<?> propertyType = field.getType();
+    Class<?> innerType = propertyType;
+
+    String specialTypeKey = getSpecialScalarType(field);
+    if (specialTypeKey != null) {
+      ScalarType<?> scalarType = typeManager.getScalarTypeFromKey(specialTypeKey);
+      if (scalarType == null) {
+        logger.error("Could not find ScalarType to match key ["+specialTypeKey+"]");
+      } else {
+        return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, scalarType, null);
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // check for Collection type (list, set or map)
+    ManyType manyType = determineManyType.getManyType(propertyType);
+
+    if (manyType != null) {
+      // List, Set or Map based object
+      Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(field);
+      if (targetType == null) {
+        Transient transAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(Transient.class);
+        if (transAnnotation != null) {
+          // not supporting this field (generic type used)
+          return null;
+        }
+        logger.warn("Could not find parameter type (via reflection) on " + desc.getFullName() + " " + field.getName());
+      }
+      return createManyType(desc, targetType, manyType);
+    }
+
+    if (innerType.isEnum() || innerType.isPrimitive()) {
+      return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, null, null);
+    }
+
+    ScalarType<?> scalarType = typeManager.getScalarType(innerType);
+    if (scalarType != null) {
+      return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, scalarType, null);
+    }
+
+    CtCompoundType<?> compoundType = typeManager.getCompoundType(innerType);
+    if (compoundType != null) {
+      return new DeployBeanPropertyCompound(desc, propertyType, compoundType, null);
+    }
+
+    if (isTransientField(field)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      CheckImmutableResponse checkImmutable = typeManager.checkImmutable(innerType);
+      if (checkImmutable.isImmutable()) {
+        if (checkImmutable.isCompoundType()) {
+          // use reflection to support compound immutable value objects
+          typeManager.recursiveCreateScalarDataReader(innerType);
+          compoundType = typeManager.getCompoundType(innerType);
+          if (compoundType != null) {
+            return new DeployBeanPropertyCompound(desc, propertyType, compoundType, null);
+          }
+
+        } else {
+          // use reflection to support simple immutable value objects
+          scalarType = typeManager.recursiveCreateScalarTypes(innerType);
+          return new DeployBeanProperty(desc, propertyType, scalarType, null);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne(desc, propertyType);
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      logger.error("Error with " + desc + " field:" + field.getName(), e);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String getSpecialScalarType(Field field) {
+
+    if (field.getAnnotation(ColumnHstore.class) != null) {
+      return ScalarTypePostgresHstore.KEY;
+    };
+    
+    return null;
+  }
+  
+  private boolean isTransientField(Field field) {
+
+    Transient t = field.getAnnotation(Transient.class);
+    return (t != null);
+  }
+
+  private DeployBeanProperty createProp(int level, DeployBeanDescriptor<?> desc, Field field, Class<?> beanType,
+      Method getter, Method setter) {
+
+    DeployBeanProperty prop = createProp(desc, field);
+    if (prop == null) {
+      // transient annotation on unsupported type
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      prop.setOwningType(beanType);
+      prop.setName(field.getName());
+
+      // the getter or setter could be null if we are using
+      // javaagent type enhancement. If we are using subclass
+      // generation then we do need to find the getter and setter
+      prop.setReadMethod(getter);
+      prop.setWriteMethod(setter);
+      prop.setField(field);
+      return prop;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determine the type of the List,Set or Map. Not been set explicitly so determine this from
+   * ParameterizedType.
+   */
+  private Class<?> determineTargetType(Field field) {
+
+    Type genType = field.getGenericType();
+    if (genType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+      ParameterizedType ptype = (ParameterizedType) genType;
+
+      Type[] typeArgs = ptype.getActualTypeArguments();
+      if (typeArgs.length == 1) {
+        // probably a Set or List
+        if (typeArgs[0] instanceof Class<?>) {
+          return (Class<?>) typeArgs[0];
+        }
+        // throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected Parameterised Type? "+typeArgs[0]);
+        return null;
+      }
+      if (typeArgs.length == 2) {
+        // this is probably a Map
+        if (typeArgs[1] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+          // not supporting ParameterizedType on Map.
+          return null;
+        }
+        return (Class<?>) typeArgs[1];
+      }
+    }
+    // if targetType is null, then must be set in annotations
+    return null;
+  }
 }

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/DeployInherit.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.sql.Types;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -51,9 +50,7 @@ public class DeployInherit {
 	private void findInheritClasses(List<Class<?>> entityList) {
 
 		// go through each class and initialise the info object...
-		Iterator<Class<?>> it = entityList.iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			Class<?> cls = (Class<?>) it.next();
+		for (Class<?> cls : entityList) {
 			if (isInheritanceClass(cls)) {
 				DeployInheritInfo info = createInfo(cls);
 				deployMap.put(cls, info);
@@ -62,9 +59,8 @@ public class DeployInherit {
 	}
 
 	private void buildDeployTree() {
-		Iterator<DeployInheritInfo> it = deployMap.values().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			DeployInheritInfo info = it.next();
+
+	  for (DeployInheritInfo info : deployMap.values()) {
 			if (!info.isRoot()) {
 				DeployInheritInfo parent = getInfo(info.getParent());
 				parent.addChild(info);
@@ -74,19 +70,15 @@ public class DeployInherit {
 
 	private void buildFinalTree() {
 
-		Iterator<DeployInheritInfo> it = deployMap.values().iterator();
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			DeployInheritInfo deploy = it.next();
+		for (DeployInheritInfo deploy : deployMap.values()) {
 			if (deploy.isRoot()) {
 				// build tree top down...
 				createFinalInfo(null, null, deploy);
-
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	private InheritInfo createFinalInfo(InheritInfo root, InheritInfo parent,
-			DeployInheritInfo deploy) {
+	private InheritInfo createFinalInfo(InheritInfo root, InheritInfo parent, DeployInheritInfo deploy) {
 
 		InheritInfo node = new InheritInfo(root, parent, deploy);
 		if (parent != null) {
@@ -99,12 +91,7 @@ public class DeployInherit {
 		}
 
 		// buildFinalChildren(root, child, deploy);
-
-		Iterator<DeployInheritInfo> it = deploy.children();
-
-		while (it.hasNext()) {
-			DeployInheritInfo childDeploy = it.next();
-
+		for (DeployInheritInfo childDeploy : deploy.children()) {
 			createFinalInfo(root, node, childDeploy);
 		}
 
@@ -135,7 +122,8 @@ public class DeployInherit {
 		}
 		DiscriminatorColumn da = (DiscriminatorColumn) cls.getAnnotation(DiscriminatorColumn.class);
 		if (da != null) {
-			info.setDiscriminatorColumn(da.name());
+		  // lowercase the discriminator column for RawSql and JSON
+			info.setDiscriminatorColumn(da.name().toLowerCase());
 			DiscriminatorType discriminatorType = da.discriminatorType();
 			if (discriminatorType.equals(DiscriminatorType.INTEGER)){
 				info.setDiscriminatorType(Types.INTEGER);				

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/deploy/parse/DeployInheritInfo.java

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.parse;
 
 import java.sql.Types;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.InheritInfo;
@@ -80,8 +79,8 @@ public class DeployInheritInfo {
     /**
      * Return the child nodes.
      */
-    public Iterator<DeployInheritInfo> children() {
-        return children.iterator();
+    public List<DeployInheritInfo> children() {
+        return children;
     }
     
     /**

src/main/java/com/avaje/ebeaninternal/server/expression/AllEqualsExpression.java

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package com.avaje.ebeaninternal.server.expression;
 
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 import com.avaje.ebean.event.BeanQueryRequest;
 import com.avaje.ebeaninternal.api.HashQueryPlanBuilder;
@@ -30,9 +27,7 @@ class AllEqualsExpression implements SpiExpression {
 
   public void containsMany(BeanDescriptor<?> desc, ManyWhereJoins manyWhereJoin) {
     if (propMap != null) {
-      Iterator<String> it = propMap.keySet().iterator();
-      while (it.hasNext()) {
-        String propertyName = it.next();
+      for (String propertyName : propMap.keySet()) {
         ElPropertyDeploy elProp = desc.getElPropertyDeploy(name(propertyName));
         if (elProp != null && elProp.containsMany()) {
           manyWhereJoin.add(elProp);
@@ -46,9 +41,7 @@ class AllEqualsExpression implements SpiExpression {
     if (propMap.isEmpty()) {
       return;
     }
-    Iterator<Object> it = propMap.values().iterator();
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      Object value = it.next();
+    for (Object value : propMap.values()) {
       if (value != null) {
         request.addBindValue(value);
       } else {
@@ -65,12 +58,9 @@ class AllEqualsExpression implements SpiExpression {
 
     request.append("(");
 
-    Set<Entry<String, Object>> entries = propMap.entrySet();
-    Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> it = entries.iterator();
-
     int count = 0;
-    while (it.hasNext()) {
-      Map.Entry<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object> entry = it.next();
+    for (Map.Entry<String,Object> entry : propMap.entrySet()) {
+       
       Object value = entry.getValue();
       String propName = entry.getKey();
 
@@ -115,7 +105,7 @@ class AllEqualsExpression implements SpiExpression {
     
     int hc = 31;
     for (Object value : propMap.values()) {
-      hc = hc * 31 + Objects.hashCode(value);      
+      hc = hc * 31 + (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
     }
 
     return hc;