Version 16.3.0

Bump ebean-agent and avaje junit
Bump ebean-datasource to 10.3 (#3727 )
2026-09-20 11:17:36 +00:00 · 2026-02-16 21:07:49 +13:00 · 2026-02-16 21:03:37 +13:00 · 2026-02-16 20:24:58 +13:00 · 2026-02-16 19:49:56 +13:00 · 2026-02-15 21:47:17 +13:00
345 changed files with 4489 additions and 2067 deletions
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ jobs:
 #    - name: Maven single test
 #      run: mvn --batch-mode clean verify -Dtest="io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultServer_getReferenceTest" -DfailIfNoTests=false
    - name: Build with Maven
-      run: mvn -T 8 clean test
+      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Pdefault

@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ jobs:
    - name: Maven version
      run: mvn --version
    - name: Build with Maven
-      run: mvn -T 8 test
+      run: mvn test -Pea

@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ jobs:
        path:
          ~/.m2
        key: build-${{ env.cache-name }}
-    - name: mariadb 10.6
+    - name: mariadb 10.11
      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-mariadb.properties
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ jobs:
        path:
          ~/.m2
        key: build-${{ env.cache-name }}
-    - name: sqlserver 2017
-      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-sqlserver17.properties
+    - name: sqlserver 2022
+      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-sqlserver.properties
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-clickhouse</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-db2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-hana</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mariadb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mysql</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-net-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-nuodb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-oracle</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
+    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
+    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <name>ebean-pgvector</name>
+  <description>ebean-pgvector composite</description>
+  <artifactId>ebean-pgvector</artifactId>
+
+  <properties>
+    <pgvector.version>0.1.6</pgvector.version>
+    <postgres.jdbc.version>42.7.2</postgres.jdbc.version>
+  </properties>
+
+  <dependencies>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-datasource</artifactId>
+      <version>${ebean-datasource.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-migration</artifactId>
+      <version>${ebean-migration.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Technically optional but most expected to use query beans -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-pgvector-types</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
+      <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
+      <version>${postgres.jdbc.version}</version>
+      <exclusions>
+        <!-- exclude unnecessary checker framework -->
+        <exclusion>
+          <groupId>*</groupId>
+          <artifactId>*</artifactId>
+        </exclusion>
+      </exclusions>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.pgvector</groupId>
+      <artifactId>pgvector</artifactId>
+      <version>${pgvector.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+</project>
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package io.ebean.pgvector.assembly;
+
+/**
+ * Nothing interesting here - required placeholder for javadoc.
+ */
+public class Assembly {
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module io.ebean.pgvector {
+
+  requires transitive io.ebean.api;
+  requires transitive io.ebean.core;
+  requires transitive io.ebean.datasource;
+  requires transitive io.ebean.querybean;
+  requires transitive io.ebean.platform.postgres;
+
+}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlite</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-all</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>composites</artifactId>
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
    <module>ebean-postgres</module>
    <module>ebean-postgis</module>
    <module>ebean-net-postgis</module>
+    <module>ebean-pgvector</module>
 <!--    <module>sqlanywhere</module>-->
    <module>ebean-sqlite</module>
    <module>ebean-sqlserver</module>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean api</name>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.avaje</groupId>
      <artifactId>avaje-config</artifactId>
-      <version>4.0</version>
+      <version>4.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Unsupported access of a property on an entity bean.
+ * <p>
+ * Attempted a lazy load operation on a bean that has disabled lazy loading
+ * or attempt to mutate an unmodifiable bean.
+ */
+public class BeanAccessException extends UnsupportedOperationException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with no message.
+   */
+  public BeanAccessException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create with message.
+   */
+  public BeanAccessException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -89,12 +89,7 @@ public interface BeanState {
   * <p>
   * If a setter is called on a readOnly bean it will throw an exception.
   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status for the bean.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Advanced - Used to programmatically build a partially or fully loaded
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ public interface Database {
  /**
   * Return the associated read only DataSource for this Database instance (can be null).
   */
+  @Nullable
  DataSource readOnlyDataSource();

  /**
@@ -989,6 +989,14 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
  @Deprecated
  DatabaseBuilder setNamingConvention(NamingConvention namingConvention);

+  /**
+   * Set the AggregateFormulaContext which is used to determine if a database function
+   * is an aggregate function (like sum, min, max, avg etc).
+   * <p>
+   * Use this to override the default known aggregation functions.
+   */
+  DatabaseConfig aggregateFormulaContext(AggregateFormulaContext aggregateFormulaContext);
+
  /**
   * Set to true if all DB column and table names should use quoted identifiers.
   * <p>
@@ -1062,6 +1070,11 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
   */
  DatabaseBuilder readOnlyDatabase(boolean readOnlyDatabase);

+  /**
+   * Set to false such that the instance does not register a JVM shutdown hook.
+   */
+  DatabaseBuilder shutdownHook(boolean shutdownHook);
+
  /**
   * Set a DataSource.
   */
@@ -2605,6 +2618,11 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
     */
    NamingConvention getNamingConvention();

+    /**
+     * Return the AggregateFormulaContext.
+     */
+    AggregateFormulaContext aggregateFormulaContext();
+
    /**
     * Return true if all DB column and table names should use quoted identifiers.
     */
@@ -2643,6 +2661,11 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
     */
    boolean readOnlyDatabase();

+    /**
+     * Return if a JVM shutdown hook should be registered.
+     */
+    boolean shutdownHook();
+
    /**
     * Return the DataSource.
     */
@@ -234,5 +234,16 @@ public interface DtoQuery<T> extends CancelableQuery {
   * source. We use {@code usingMaster()} to instead ensure that the query is executed
   * against the master data source.
   */
-  DtoQuery<T> usingMaster();
+  default DtoQuery<T> usingMaster() {
+    return usingMaster(true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure the master DataSource is used when useMaster is true. Otherwise, the read only
+   * data source can be used if defined.
+   *
+   * @see #usingMaster()
+   */
+  DtoQuery<T> usingMaster(boolean useMaster);
+
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when trying to access a property that isn't loaded on an entity
+ * that is unmodifiable or has disabled lazy loading.
+ * <p>
+ * On a normal mutable entity accessing the property would invoke lazy loading. On
+ * a unmodifiable entity with lazy loading disabled, accessing an unloaded property
+ * throws this LazyInitialisationException instead.
+ */
+public class LazyInitialisationException extends BeanAccessException {
+
+  /**
+   * Create specifying the property that was being accessed.
+   */
+  public LazyInitialisationException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ public interface ModifyAwareType {
   */
  void setMarkedDirty(boolean markedDirty);

+  default Object freeze() {
+    return this; // throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package io.ebean;

 import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

 /**
 * Object relational query for finding a List, Set, Map or single entity bean.
@@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ public interface Query<T> extends CancelableQuery, QueryBuilder<Query<T>, T> {
  /**
   * Return the Id value.
   */
+  @Nullable
  Object getId();

  /**
@@ -446,11 +448,13 @@ public interface Query<T> extends CancelableQuery, QueryBuilder<Query<T>, T> {
  /**
   * Return the "for update" wait mode to use.
   */
+  @Nullable
  LockWait getForUpdateLockWait();

  /**
   * Return the lock type (strength) to use with "for update".
   */
+  @Nullable
  LockType getForUpdateLockType();

  /**
@@ -135,7 +135,17 @@ public interface QueryBuilder<SELF extends QueryBuilder<SELF, T>, T> extends Que
   * source. We we use {@code usingMaster()} to instead ensure that the query is executed
   * against the master data source.
   */
-  SELF usingMaster();
+  default SELF usingMaster() {
+    return usingMaster(true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure the master DataSource is used when useMaster is true. Otherwise, the read only
+   * data source can be used if defined.
+   *
+   * @see #usingMaster()
+   */
+  SELF usingMaster(boolean useMaster);

  /**
   * Set the base table to use for this query.
@@ -388,9 +398,19 @@ public interface QueryBuilder<SELF extends QueryBuilder<SELF, T>, T> extends Que
  SELF setUseDocStore(boolean useDocStore);

  /**
-   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be read only.
+   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be unmodifiable read only.
+   * <p>
+   * This means that the returning graph can't be mutated via setters, all the collections
+   * are unmodifiable collections, lazy loading is disabled and that the query uses
+   * {@link PersistenceContextScope#QUERY}.
+   * <p>
+   * Attempting to mutate an unmodifiable bean will throw a <code>UnmodifiableEntityException</code>.
+   * Attempting to load an unloaded property will throw a <code>LazyInitialisationException</code>
+   *
+   * @see LazyInitialisationException
+   * @see UnmodifiableEntityException
   */
-  SELF setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  SELF setUnmodifiable(boolean unmodifiable);

  /**
   * Set a timeout on this query.
@@ -437,6 +457,16 @@ public interface QueryBuilder<SELF extends QueryBuilder<SELF, T>, T> extends Que

  /**
   * Set the {@link CacheMode} to use the query for executing this query.
+   * <p>
+   * Since version 16.x using the query bean will set the query to use unmodifiable (see
+   * {@link #setUnmodifiable(boolean)}) so the returned object graph is unmodifiable
+   * and safe to cache by the application.
+   * <p>
+   * Attempting to mutate an unmodifiable bean will throw a <code>UnmodifiableEntityException</code>.
+   * Attempting to load an unloaded property will throw a <code>LazyInitialisationException</code>
+   *
+   * @see LazyInitialisationException
+   * @see UnmodifiableEntityException
   */
  SELF setUseQueryCache(CacheMode cacheMode);

@@ -63,7 +63,17 @@ public interface SqlQuery extends Serializable, CancelableQuery {
   * source. We use {@code usingMaster()} to instead ensure that the query is executed
   * against the master data source.
   */
-  SqlQuery usingMaster();
+  default SqlQuery usingMaster() {
+    return usingMaster(true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure the master DataSource is used when useMaster is true. Otherwise, the read only
+   * data source can be used if defined.
+   *
+   * @see #usingMaster()
+   */
+  SqlQuery usingMaster(boolean useMaster);

  /**
   * Execute the query returning a list.
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Attempted to modify a read only entity.
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableEntityException extends BeanAccessException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with no message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create with message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -119,18 +119,6 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
   */
  void setLoader(BeanCollectionLoader beanLoader);

-  /**
-   * Set to true if you want the BeanCollection to be treated as read only. This
-   * means no elements can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
-  /**
-   * Return true if the collection should be treated as readOnly and no elements
-   * can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
  /**
   * Add the bean to the collection. This is disallowed for BeanMap.
   */
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
  boolean wasTouched();

  /**
-   * Return a shallow copy of this collection that is modifiable.
+   * Freeze the collection returning an unmodifiable version.
   */
-  BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy();
+  Object freeze();
 }
@@ -148,18 +148,6 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   */
  boolean isLoadedFromCache();

-  /**
-   * Return true if the bean should be treated as readOnly. If a setter method
-   * is called when it is readOnly an Exception is thrown.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status. If readOnly then calls to setter methods through
-   * an exception.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
  /**
   * Set the bean to be updated when persisted (for merge).
   */
@@ -552,4 +540,9 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   * Update the 'next' mutable info returning the content that was obtained via dirty detection.
   */
  String mutableNext(int propertyIndex);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this entity bean should be frozen. Used to handle recursive freezing.
+   */
+  boolean freeze();
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package io.ebean.bean;
+
+/**
+ * Common base features for EntityBeanIntercept.
+ */
+abstract class InterceptBase implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+
+  final EntityBean owner;
+  boolean fullyLoadedBean;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a given entity.
+   */
+  InterceptBase(Object ownerBean) {
+    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
+   */
+  InterceptBase() {
+    this.owner = null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final EntityBean owner() {
+    return owner;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
+    return fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
+    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String property(int propertyIndex) {
+    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final int findProperty(String propertyName) {
+    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
+    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
+    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    final int len = propertyLength();
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
+        sb.append(i).append(',');
+      }
+    }
+    return sb;
+  }
+}
@@ -1,37 +1,44 @@
 package io.ebean.bean;

+import io.ebean.LazyInitialisationException;
+import io.ebean.UnmodifiableEntityException;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;

-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * EntityBeanIntercept optimised for read only use.
 * <p>
 * For the read only use this intercept doesn't need to hold any state that is normally
- * required for updates such as per property changed, loaded, dirty state, original values
+ * required for updates such as per property changed, dirty state, original values
 * bean state etc.
 */
-public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadOnly extends InterceptBase {

-  private final EntityBean owner;
+  private final boolean[] loaded;
+  private boolean frozen;

  /**
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadOnly(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
+    this.loaded = new boolean[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    if (frozen) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      frozen = true;
+      return true;
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "InterceptReadOnly{" + owner + '}';
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
+    return "InterceptReadOnly{frozen:" + frozen + " loaded:" + loadedPropertyNames() + '}';
  }

  @Override
@@ -94,18 +101,13 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
+    for (boolean flag : loaded) {
+      if (!flag) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
    return false;
  }

@@ -136,7 +138,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public boolean hasIdOnly(int idIndex) {
-    return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (i == idIndex) {
+        if (!loaded[i]) return false;
+      } else if (loaded[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -159,16 +168,6 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return false;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {

@@ -234,44 +233,38 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return null;
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
-    return 0;
+    return loaded.length;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyLoaded(String propertyName, boolean loaded) {
-
+    final int position = findProperty(propertyName);
+    if (position == -1) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property not found - " + propertyName);
+    }
+    this.loaded[position] = loaded;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyUnloaded(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = false;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedPropertyAll() {
-
+    Arrays.fill(loaded, true);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-    return false;
+    return loaded[propertyIndex];
  }

  @Override
@@ -321,7 +314,16 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public Set<String> loadedPropertyNames() {
-    return Collections.emptySet();
+    if (fullyLoadedBean) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    final Set<String> props = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (loaded[i]) {
+        props.add(property(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return props;
  }

  @Override
@@ -369,14 +371,11 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
-    return new boolean[0];
+    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[loaded.length];
+    System.arraycopy(loaded, 0, ret, 0, ret.length);
+    return ret;
  }

  @Override
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void initialisedMany(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -416,12 +415,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preGetter(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    if (!loaded[propertyIndex]) {
+      throw new LazyInitialisationException("Property not loaded: " + property(propertyIndex));
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetterMany(boolean interceptField, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -436,57 +437,57 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, boolean oldValue, boolean newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, int oldValue, int newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, long oldValue, long newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, double oldValue, double newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, float oldValue, float newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, short oldValue, short newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char oldValue, char newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte oldValue, byte newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char[] oldValue, char[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte[] oldValue, byte[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 * This provides the mechanisms to support deferred fetching of reference beans
 * and oldValues generation for concurrency checking.
 */
-public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadWrite extends InterceptBase {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3664031775464862649L;

@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
  private String ebeanServerName;
  private boolean deletedFromCollection;

-  /**
-   * The actual entity bean that 'owns' this intercept.
-   */
-  private final EntityBean owner;
  private EntityBean embeddedOwner;
  private int embeddedOwnerIndex;
  /**
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   */
  private int state;
  private boolean forceUpdate;
-  private boolean readOnly;
  private boolean dirty;
  /**
   * Flag set to disable lazy loading.
@@ -77,7 +72,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Flag set when lazy loading failed due to the underlying bean being deleted in the DB.
   */
  private boolean lazyLoadFailure;
-  private boolean fullyLoadedBean;
  private boolean loadedFromCache;
  private final byte[] flags;
  private Object[] origValues;
@@ -101,7 +95,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
    this.flags = new byte[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
  }

@@ -109,16 +103,20 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite() {
-    this.owner = null;
+    super();
    this.flags = null;
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("never expected");
+  }
+
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "InterceptReadWrite@" + hashCode() + "{state=" + state +
      (dirty ? " dirty;" : "") +
      (forceUpdate ? " forceUpdate;" : "") +
-      (readOnly ? " readOnly;" : "") +
      (disableLazyLoad ? " disableLazyLoad;" : "") +
      (lazyLoadFailure ? " lazyLoadFailure;" : "") +
      (fullyLoadedBean ? " fullyLoadedBean;" : "") +
@@ -131,11 +129,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
      '}';
  }

-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public PersistenceContext persistenceContext() {
    return persistenceContext;
@@ -200,16 +193,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    this.ebeanServerName = beanLoader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
    for (byte flag : flags) {
@@ -298,16 +281,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return loadedFromCache;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {
    this.forceUpdate = forceUpdate;
@@ -411,25 +384,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return origValues[propertyIndex];
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
-    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
-      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
    return flags.length;
@@ -668,18 +622,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    }
  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-    final int len = propertyLength();
-    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
-        sb.append(i).append(',');
-      }
-    }
-    return sb;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[flags.length];
@@ -708,7 +650,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
        if (database == null) {
          throw new PersistenceException(ebeanServerName == null ? "No registered default server" : "Database [" + ebeanServerName + "] is not registered");
        }
-        // For stand alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
+        // For stand-alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
        // using the ebeanServer. Synchronise only on the bean.
        loadBeanInternal(loadProperty, database.pluginApi().beanLoader());
        return;
@@ -845,18 +787,12 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    if (state == STATE_NEW) {
      setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
    } else {
-      if (readOnly) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-      }
      setChangeLoaded(propertyIndex);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void setChangedPropertyValue(int propertyIndex, boolean setDirtyState, Object origValue) {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-    }
    setChangedProperty(propertyIndex);
    if (setDirtyState) {
      setOriginalValue(propertyIndex, origValue);
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 3365725236140187588L;

  protected final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-  protected boolean readOnly;
  protected boolean disableLazyLoad;
  /**
   * The Database this is associated with. (used for lazy fetch).
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
    this.ownerBean = ownerBean;
    this.propertyName = propertyName;
-    this.readOnly = ownerBean != null && ownerBean._ebean_getIntercept().isReadOnly();
  }

  @Override
@@ -103,22 +101,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
-  void checkReadOnly() {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
  // Support for modify additions deletions etc - ManyToMany
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -212,14 +194,4 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    return modifyHolder != null && modifyHolder.wasTouched();
  }

-  /**
-   * Copies all relevant properties for a clone. See {@link #shallowCopy()}
-   */
-  protected void setFromOriginal(AbstractBeanCollection<E> other) {
-    this.disableLazyLoad = other.disableLazyLoad;
-    this.ebeanServerName = other.ebeanServerName;
-    this.loader = other.loader;
-    this.ownerBean = other.ownerBean;
-    this.propertyName = other.propertyName;
-  }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package io.ebean.common;

 import io.ebean.bean.*;

-import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.*;

 /**
@@ -39,6 +38,17 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    if (list == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return List.of();
+    } else {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(list);
@@ -223,7 +233,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      modifyAddition(element);
@@ -238,7 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (list.add(bean)) {
@@ -253,7 +261,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -264,7 +271,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -275,7 +281,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    // TODO: when clear() and not initialised could be more clever
    // and fetch just the Id's
    initClear();
@@ -320,9 +325,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, list.iterator());
    }
@@ -338,9 +340,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator());
    }
@@ -350,9 +349,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator(index));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator(index));
    }
@@ -368,7 +364,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.remove(index);
@@ -380,7 +375,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean isRemove = list.remove(bean);
@@ -394,7 +388,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -412,7 +405,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> retainBeans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -433,7 +425,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.set(index, element);
@@ -453,9 +444,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyList<>(this, list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
    }
@@ -475,67 +463,4 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    return list.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyListIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3097271091406323699L;
-
-    private final ListIterator<E> i;
-
-    ReadOnlyListIterator(ListIterator<E> i) {
-      this.i = i;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void add(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void set(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return i.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasPrevious() {
-      return i.hasPrevious();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return i.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int nextIndex() {
-      return i.nextIndex();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E previous() {
-      return i.previous();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int previousIndex() {
-      return i.previousIndex();
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanList<E> copy = new BeanList<>(new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>(list));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    super(ebeanServer, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, E> freeze() {
+    return map == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    if (map == null || map.isEmpty()) {
@@ -217,7 +222,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // add all beans to the removal list
@@ -243,9 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<Entry<K, E>> entrySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.entrySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyEntrySet<>(this, map.entrySet()) : map.entrySet();
  }

@@ -264,15 +265,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<K> keySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.keySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyKeySet<>(this, map.keySet()) : map.keySet();
  }

  @Override
  public E put(K key, E value) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E oldBean = map.put(key, value);
@@ -289,7 +286,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends E> puts) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends E> entry : puts.entrySet()) {
@@ -306,17 +302,16 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void addBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public void removeBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public E remove(Object key) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = map.remove(key);
@@ -335,16 +330,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Collection<E> values() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(map.values());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyCollection<>(this, map.values()) : map.values();
  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanMap<K, E> copy = new BeanMap<>(new LinkedHashMap<>(map));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.common;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Set capable of lazy loading and modification aware.
@@ -38,6 +35,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return set == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(set);
@@ -211,7 +213,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.add(bean)) {
@@ -226,7 +227,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (E bean : set) {
@@ -275,9 +274,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyIterator<>(set.iterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, set.iterator());
    }
@@ -286,7 +282,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.remove(bean)) {
@@ -300,7 +295,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -317,7 +311,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -355,36 +348,4 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    return set.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyIterator<E> implements Iterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2577697326745352605L;
-
-    private final Iterator<E> it;
-
-    ReadOnlyIterator(Iterator<E> it) {
-      this.it = it;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return it.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return it.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanSet<E> copy = new BeanSet<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(set));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.common;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.AbstractList;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
-import java.util.function.Predicate;
-import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
-
-/**
- * List that copies itself on first write access. Needed to keep memory footprint low and the ability
- * to modify lists from cache.
- *
- * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
- */
-public final class CopyOnFirstWriteList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, Serializable {
-
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-  private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-
-  /**
-   * The underlying List implementation.
-   */
-  private List<E> list;
-
-  public CopyOnFirstWriteList(List<E> list) {
-    super();
-    this.list = list;
-  }
-
-  private volatile boolean copied = false;
-
-  @Override
-  public int size() {
-    return list.size();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isEmpty() {
-    return list.isEmpty();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean contains(Object o) {
-    return list.contains(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public Object[] toArray() {
-    return list.toArray();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
-    return list.toArray(a);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean add(E e) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.add(e);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean remove(Object o) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    return list.containsAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(index, c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.retainAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.replaceAll(operator);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeIf(filter);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.sort(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void clear() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      list = new ArrayList<>();
-      copied = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean equals(Object o) {
-    return list.equals(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int hashCode() {
-    return list.hashCode();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E get(int index) {
-    return list.get(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.set(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.add(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int indexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.indexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.lastIndexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  private void checkCopyOnWrite() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      lock.lock();
-      try {
-        if (!copied) {
-          list = new ArrayList<>(list);
-          copied = true;
-        }
-      } finally {
-        lock.unlock();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Used when parsing formulas to determine if they are aggregation formulas like
+ * sum, min, max, avg, count etc.
+ * <p>
+ * Ebean needs to determine if they are aggregation formulas to determine which
+ * properties should be included in a GROUP BY clause etc.
+ */
+public interface AggregateFormulaContext {
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the outer function is an aggregate function (like sum, count, min, max, avg etc).
+   */
+  boolean isAggregate(String outerFunction);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the aggregate function returns a BIGINT type.
+   * This is true for functions like count that return a numeric value regardless of the
+   * type of the property or expression inside the outer function.
+   */
+  boolean isCount(String outerFunction);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the aggregate function returns a VARCHAR type.
+   * This is true for functions that return a string concatenation like group_concat etc
+   * regardless of the type of the property used inside the outer function.
+   */
+  boolean isConcat(String outerFunction);
+
+  /**
+   * Return a builder for the AggregateFormulaContext.
+   */
+  static Builder builder() {
+    return new AggregateFormulaContextBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A builder for the AggregateFormulaContext.
+   */
+  interface Builder {
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set of aggregation functions.
+     */
+    Builder aggregateFunctions(Set<String> count);
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set of concat functions.
+     */
+    Builder concatFunctions(Set<String> concat);
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set of count functions.
+     */
+    Builder countFunctions(Set<String> count);
+
+    /**
+     * Build the AggregateFormulaContext.
+     */
+    AggregateFormulaContext build();
+  }
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+final class AggregateFormulaContextBuilder implements AggregateFormulaContext.Builder {
+
+  private Set<String> aggFunctions = Set.of("count", "max", "min", "avg", "sum", "group_concat", "string_agg", "listagg");
+  private Set<String> concat = Set.of("concat", "group_concat", "string_agg", "listagg");
+  private Set<String> count = Set.of("count");
+
+  @Override
+  public AggregateFormulaContext.Builder aggregateFunctions(Set<String> agg) {
+    this.aggFunctions = agg;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AggregateFormulaContext.Builder concatFunctions(Set<String> concat) {
+    this.concat = concat;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AggregateFormulaContext.Builder countFunctions(Set<String> count) {
+    this.count = count;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AggregateFormulaContext build() {
+    return new FormulaContext(aggFunctions, concat, count);
+  }
+
+  private static final class FormulaContext implements AggregateFormulaContext {
+
+    private final Set<String> aggFunctions;
+    private final Set<String> concat;
+    private final Set<String> count;
+
+    private FormulaContext(Set<String> aggFunctions, Set<String> concat, Set<String> count) {
+      this.aggFunctions = aggFunctions;
+      this.concat = concat;
+      this.count = count;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAggregate(String outerFunction) {
+      return aggFunctions.contains(outerFunction);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCount(String outerFunction) {
+      return count.contains(outerFunction);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isConcat(String outerFunction) {
+      return concat.contains(outerFunction);
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
  /**
   * The default batch size for lazy loading
   */
-  private int lazyLoadBatchSize = 10;
+  private int lazyLoadBatchSize = 100;

  /**
   * The default batch size for 'query joins'.
@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
  private boolean skipDataSourceCheck;

  private boolean readOnlyDatabase;
+  private boolean shutdownHook = true;

  /**
   * The data source (if programmatically provided).
@@ -355,6 +356,8 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
   */
  private NamingConvention namingConvention = new UnderscoreNamingConvention();

+  private AggregateFormulaContext aggregateFormulaContext = AggregateFormulaContext.builder().build();
+
  /**
   * Behaviour of updates in JDBC batch to by default include all properties.
   */
@@ -1278,6 +1281,17 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
    return this;
  }

+  @Override
+  public AggregateFormulaContext aggregateFormulaContext() {
+    return aggregateFormulaContext;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DatabaseConfig aggregateFormulaContext(AggregateFormulaContext aggregateFormulaContext) {
+    this.aggregateFormulaContext = aggregateFormulaContext;
+    return this;
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isAllQuotedIdentifiers() {
    return platformConfig.isAllQuotedIdentifiers();
@@ -1365,6 +1379,17 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
    return readOnlyDatabase;
  }

+  @Override
+  public DatabaseBuilder shutdownHook(boolean shutdownHook) {
+    this.shutdownHook = shutdownHook;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shutdownHook() {
+    return shutdownHook;
+  }
+
  @Override
  public DataSource getDataSource() {
    return dataSource;
@@ -2137,6 +2162,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
    loadDocStoreSettings(p);

    defaultServer = p.getBoolean("defaultServer", defaultServer);
+    shutdownHook = p.getBoolean("shutdownHook", shutdownHook);
    readOnlyDatabase = p.getBoolean("readOnlyDatabase", readOnlyDatabase);
    autoPersistUpdates = p.getBoolean("autoPersistUpdates", autoPersistUpdates);
    loadModuleInfo = p.getBoolean("loadModuleInfo", loadModuleInfo);
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
   * findIterate() and findVisit().
   */
  protected boolean forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate;
+  protected boolean autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate;

  /**
   * If set then use the CONCUR_UPDATABLE hint when creating ResultSets.
@@ -528,6 +529,10 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
    this.forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate = forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate;
  }

+  public boolean autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate() {
+    return autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate;
+  }
+
  /**
   * Return true if the ResultSet CONCUR_UPDATABLE Hint should be used on
   * createNativeSqlTree() PreparedStatements.
@@ -780,4 +785,5 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
  public String inlineSqlHint(String hint) {
    return "/*+ " + hint + " */ ";
  }
+
 }
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ public class DbPlatformTypeMapping {
  private static final DbPlatformType MULTILINESTRING = new DbPlatformType("multilinestring");
  private static final DbPlatformType MULTIPOLYGON = new DbPlatformType("multipolygon");

+  private static final DbPlatformType VECTOR = new DbPlatformType("vector", 2000, null);
+  private static final DbPlatformType VECTOR_HALF = new DbPlatformType("halfvec", 4000, null);
+  private static final DbPlatformType VECTOR_BIT = new DbPlatformType("bit", 64000, null);
+  private static final DbPlatformType VECTOR_SPARSE = new DbPlatformType("sparsevec", 1000, null);
+
  private final Map<DbType, DbPlatformType> typeMap = new EnumMap<>(DbType.class);

  /**
@@ -93,6 +98,10 @@ public class DbPlatformTypeMapping {
    put(DbType.MULTIPOINT, MULTIPOINT);
    put(DbType.MULTILINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING);
    put(DbType.MULTIPOLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON);
+    put(DbType.VECTOR, VECTOR);
+    put(DbType.VECTOR_HALF, VECTOR_HALF);
+    put(DbType.VECTOR_BIT, VECTOR_BIT);
+    put(DbType.VECTOR_SPARSE, VECTOR_SPARSE);

    if (logicalTypes) {
      // keep it logical for 2 layer DDL generation
@@ -51,7 +51,12 @@ public enum DbType {
  JSONB(ExtraDbTypes.JSONB),
  JSONCLOB(ExtraDbTypes.JSONClob),
  JSONBLOB(ExtraDbTypes.JSONBlob),
-  JSONVARCHAR(ExtraDbTypes.JSONVarchar);
+  JSONVARCHAR(ExtraDbTypes.JSONVarchar),
+
+  VECTOR(ExtraDbTypes.VECTOR),
+  VECTOR_HALF(ExtraDbTypes.VECTOR_HALF),
+  VECTOR_BIT(ExtraDbTypes.VECTOR_BIT),
+  VECTOR_SPARSE(ExtraDbTypes.VECTOR_SPARSE);

  private final int id;

@@ -74,4 +74,24 @@ public interface ExtraDbTypes {
   */
  int MULTILINESTRING = 6007;

+  /**
+   * PGVector base type
+   */
+  int VECTOR = 7000;
+
+  /**
+   * PGVector half precision float type
+   */
+  int VECTOR_HALF = 7001;
+
+  /**
+   * PGVector binary type (bit)
+   */
+  int VECTOR_BIT = 7002;
+
+  /**
+   * PGVector sparse type
+   */
+  int VECTOR_SPARSE = 7003;
+
 }
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ public final class ShutdownManager {
  private static void registerShutdownHook() {
    lock.lock();
    try {
-      String value = System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook");
-      if (value == null || !value.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
+      if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook", "true"))) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
      }
    } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package io.ebean.config;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class AggregateFormulaContextTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void defaultContext() {
+    var defaultContext = AggregateFormulaContext.builder().build();
+    for (String aggFunction : List.of("count", "max", "min", "avg", "sum", "group_concat", "string_agg", "listagg")) {
+      assertThat(defaultContext.isAggregate(aggFunction)).isTrue();
+    }
+    for (String c : List.of("concat", "group_concat", "string_agg", "listagg")) {
+      assertThat(defaultContext.isConcat(c)).isTrue();
+    }
+    for (String c : List.of("count")) {
+      assertThat(defaultContext.isCount(c)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    assertThat(defaultContext.isConcat("junk")).isFalse();
+    assertThat(defaultContext.isCount("junk")).isFalse();
+    assertThat(defaultContext.isAggregate("junk")).isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void overrideAggregateFunctions() {
+    AggregateFormulaContext mySum = AggregateFormulaContext.builder()
+      .aggregateFunctions(Set.of("my_sum"))
+      .build();
+
+    assertThat(mySum.isAggregate("my_sum")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(mySum.isAggregate("avg")).isFalse();
+    assertThat(mySum.isCount("count")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(mySum.isConcat("group_concat")).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void overrideConcatFunctions() {
+    AggregateFormulaContext myConcat = AggregateFormulaContext.builder()
+      .concatFunctions(Set.of("my_concat"))
+      .build();
+
+    assertThat(myConcat.isAggregate("avg")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(myConcat.isCount("count")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(myConcat.isConcat("group_concat")).isFalse();
+    assertThat(myConcat.isConcat("my_concat")).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void overrideCountFunctions() {
+    AggregateFormulaContext myCount = AggregateFormulaContext.builder()
+      .countFunctions(Set.of("my_count"))
+      .build();
+
+    assertThat(myCount.isAggregate("avg")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(myCount.isCount("count")).isFalse();
+    assertThat(myCount.isCount("my_count")).isTrue();
+    assertThat(myCount.isConcat("group_concat")).isTrue();
+  }
+}
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    props.setProperty("readOnlyDatabase", "true");
    props.setProperty("lengthCheck", "ON");
    props.setProperty("includeLabelInSql", "false");
+    props.setProperty("lazyLoadBatchSize", "50");
+    props.setProperty("queryBatchSize", "60");
+    props.setProperty("shutdownHook", "false");

    props.setProperty("queryPlan.enable", "true");
    props.setProperty("queryPlan.thresholdMicros", "10000");
@@ -98,8 +101,11 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(settings.isLoadModuleInfo());
    assertTrue(settings.skipDataSourceCheck());
    assertTrue(settings.readOnlyDatabase());
+    assertFalse(settings.shutdownHook());
    assertFalse(settings.isIncludeLabelInSql());
    assertThat(settings.getLengthCheck()).isEqualTo(LengthCheck.ON);
+    assertThat(settings.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(50);
+    assertThat(settings.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(60);

    assertTrue(settings.isIdGeneratorAutomatic());
    assertFalse(settings.getPlatformConfig().isCaseSensitiveCollation());
@@ -168,6 +174,7 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    DatabaseBuilder.Settings config = new DatabaseConfig().settings();
    assertTrue(config.isIdGeneratorAutomatic());
    assertTrue(config.isDefaultServer());
+    assertTrue(config.shutdownHook());
    assertFalse(config.isAutoPersistUpdates());
    assertFalse(config.skipDataSourceCheck());

@@ -179,6 +186,8 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(config.getPlatformConfig().isCaseSensitiveCollation());
    assertTrue(config.isAutoLoadModuleInfo());
    assertTrue(config.isLoadModuleInfo());
+    assertThat(config.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(100);
+    assertThat(config.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(100);

    assertFalse(config.isQueryPlanEnable());
    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, config.getQueryPlanThresholdMicros());
@@ -190,6 +199,8 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertThat(config.getLengthCheck()).isEqualTo(LengthCheck.OFF);
    assertTrue(config.isIncludeLabelInSql());

+    config.shutdownHook(false);
+    assertFalse(config.shutdownHook());
    config.setLoadModuleInfo(false);
    assertFalse(config.isAutoLoadModuleInfo());
    assertFalse(config.isLoadModuleInfo());
@@ -197,6 +208,10 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(config.isAutoPersistUpdates());
    config.setSkipDataSourceCheck(true);
    assertTrue(config.skipDataSourceCheck());
+    config.lazyLoadBatchSize(20);
+    assertThat(config.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(20);
+    config.queryBatchSize(30);
+    assertThat(config.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(30);
  }

  @Test
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean bom</name>
@@ -89,25 +89,25 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-ddl-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -155,37 +155,37 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-test</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-redis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-spring-txn</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- platforms -->
@@ -193,79 +193,91 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-clickhouse</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-db2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-h2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-hana</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mariadb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mysql</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-nuodb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-oracle</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgres</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
+      </dependency>
+
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+        <artifactId>ebean-pgvector</artifactId>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
+      </dependency>
+
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+        <artifactId>ebean-pgvector-types</artifactId>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlite</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlserver</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.3.0</version>
      </dependency>

    </dependencies>
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
+  </parent>
+  <artifactId>ebean-core-json</artifactId>
+  <name>ebean-core-json</name>
+  <scm>
+    <developerConnection>scm:git:git@github.com:ebean-orm/ebean.git</developerConnection>
+    <tag>HEAD</tag>
+  </scm>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Jackson core used internally by Ebean -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
@@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ import io.ebean.service.SpiJsonService;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.Writer;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Utility that converts between JSON content and simple java Maps/Lists.
@@ -52,8 +48,8 @@ public final class DJsonService implements SpiJsonService {
  }

  /**
-   * Parse the json and return as a Map additionally specifying if the returned map should
-   * be modify aware meaning that it can detect when it has been modified.
+   * Parse the json and return as a Map additionally specifying if the returned map should be modify
+   * aware meaning that it can detect when it has been modified.
   */
  @Override
  public Map<String, Object> parseObject(String json, boolean modifyAware) throws IOException {
@@ -94,9 +90,8 @@ public final class DJsonService implements SpiJsonService {

  /**
   * Parse the json and return as a Map taking a JsonParser and a starting token.
-   * <p>
-   * Used when the first token is checked to see if the value is null prior to calling this.
-   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>Used when the first token is checked to see if the value is null prior to calling this.
   */
  @Override
  public Map<String, Object> parseObject(JsonParser parser, JsonToken token) throws IOException {
@@ -8,15 +8,23 @@ import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.StringReader;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.*;

 final class EJsonReader {

  static final JsonFactory json = new JsonFactory();
+  private final JsonParser parser;
+  private final boolean modifyAware;
+  private final ModifyAwareFlag modifyAwareOwner;
+  private int depth;
+  private Stack stack;
+  private Context currentContext;
+
+  EJsonReader(JsonParser parser, boolean modifyAware) {
+    this.parser = parser;
+    this.modifyAware = modifyAware;
+    this.modifyAwareOwner = modifyAware ? new ModifyAwareFlag() : null;
+  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  static Map<String, Object> parseObject(String json, boolean modifyAware) throws IOException {
@@ -102,24 +110,6 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    return new EJsonReader(parser, modifyAware).parseJson(token);
  }

-  private final JsonParser parser;
-
-  private final boolean modifyAware;
-
-  private final ModifyAwareFlag modifyAwareOwner;
-
-  private int depth;
-
-  private Stack stack;
-
-  private Context currentContext;
-
-  EJsonReader(JsonParser parser, boolean modifyAware) {
-    this.parser = parser;
-    this.modifyAware = modifyAware;
-    this.modifyAwareOwner = (modifyAware) ? new ModifyAwareFlag() : null;
-  }
-
  private void startArray() {
    depth++;
    stack.push(currentContext);
@@ -197,7 +187,6 @@ final class EJsonReader {
   */
  private void processJsonToken(JsonToken token) throws IOException {
    switch (token) {
-
      case START_ARRAY:
        startArray();
        break;
@@ -273,17 +262,17 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    }
  }

-  private static abstract class Context {
+  private abstract static class Context {
    Context next;

    abstract void popContext(Context temp);

    abstract Object getValue();

-    abstract void setKey(String key);
-
    abstract void setValue(Object value);

+    abstract void setKey(String key);
+
    abstract void setValueNull();
  }

@@ -312,13 +301,13 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    }

    @Override
-    void setKey(String key) {
-      this.key = key;
+    void setValue(Object value) {
+      map.put(key, value);
    }

    @Override
-    void setValue(Object value) {
-      map.put(key, value);
+    void setKey(String key) {
+      this.key = key;
    }

    @Override
@@ -364,5 +353,4 @@ final class EJsonReader {
      // not expected
    }
  }
-
 }
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
   * Base jsonFactory implementation used when it is not passed in.
   */
  static final JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();
+  private final JsonGenerator jsonGenerator;
+
+  private EJsonWriter(JsonGenerator jsonGenerator) {
+    this.jsonGenerator = jsonGenerator;
+  }

  static String write(Object object) throws IOException {
    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(200);
@@ -42,12 +47,6 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
    new EJsonWriter(jsonGenerator).writeCollection(null, collection);
  }

-  private final JsonGenerator jsonGenerator;
-
-  private EJsonWriter(JsonGenerator jsonGenerator) {
-    this.jsonGenerator = jsonGenerator;
-  }
-
  private void writeJson(Object object) {
    writeJson(null, object);
  }
@@ -210,5 +209,4 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
    }
    jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
  }
-
 }
@@ -22,5 +22,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareFlag implements ModifyAwareType, Serializable {
  public void setMarkedDirty(boolean markedDirty) {
    this.markedDirty = markedDirty;
  }
-
 }
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ public final class ModifyAwareIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {

  /**
   * Create with an Owner and the underlying Iterator this wraps.
-   * <p>
-   * The owner is notified of the removals.
-   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>The owner is notified of the removals.
   */
  public ModifyAwareIterator(ModifyAwareType owner, Iterator<E> it) {
    this.owner = owner;
@@ -38,5 +37,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
    owner.setMarkedDirty(true);
    it.remove();
  }
-
 }
@@ -3,12 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.ListIterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Modify aware wrapper of a list.
@@ -52,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareList<E> implements List<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seria
    return list.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Map that is wraps an underlying map for the purpose of detecting changes.
@@ -38,11 +34,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (o instanceof ModifyAwareMap) {
-      ModifyAwareMap<?,?> that = (ModifyAwareMap<?,?>) o;
+      ModifyAwareMap<?, ?> that = (ModifyAwareMap<?, ?>) o;
      return Objects.equals(map, that.map);
    }
    if (!(o instanceof Map)) return false;
-    Map<?,?> that = (Map<?,?>) o;
+    Map<?, ?> that = (Map<?, ?>) o;
    return Objects.equals(map, that);
  }

@@ -51,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
    return map.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, V> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -111,7 +112,6 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
    map.putAll(m);
  }

-
  @Override
  public void clear() {
    if (!map.isEmpty()) {
@@ -134,5 +134,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
  public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
    return new ModifyAwareSet<>(this, map.entrySet());
  }
-
 }
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Wraps a Set for the purposes of detecting modifications.
@@ -33,6 +30,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareSet<E> implements Set<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seriali
    this.set = underlying;
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module io.ebean.core.json {
+
+  requires io.ebean.api;
+
+  requires transitive com.fasterxml.jackson.core;
+  exports io.ebeaninternal.json to io.ebean.test, io.ebean.core;
+
+  provides io.ebean.service.BootstrapService with io.ebeaninternal.json.DJsonService;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+io.ebeaninternal.json.DJsonService
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;

 public interface DataReader {

+  boolean unmodifiable();
+
  void close() throws SQLException;

  boolean next() throws SQLException;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.3.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-core-json</artifactId>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -159,21 +165,21 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.3.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.api;

+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

@@ -13,10 +14,23 @@ public final class BindValuesKey {

  private final List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();

+  private final SpiEbeanServer server;
+
+  public BindValuesKey(SpiEbeanServer server) {
+    this.server = server;
+  }
+
  /**
   * Add a bind value.
   */
  public BindValuesKey add(Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof EntityBean) {
+      // only interested in id to keep the memory footprint low
+      Object id = server.beanId(value);
+      if (id != null) {
+        value = id;
+      }
+    }
    values.add(value);
    return this;
  }
@@ -31,5 +45,4 @@ public final class BindValuesKey {
    return values.hashCode();
  }

-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.api;
+
+import io.ebean.config.AggregateFormulaContext;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.query.STreeProperty;
+
+public interface FormulaBuilder {
+
+  STreeProperty create(AggregateFormulaContext context, String formula, String path);
+
+}
@@ -55,4 +55,9 @@ public interface LoadContext {
   * Use soft-references for streaming queries, so unreachable entries can be garbage collected.
   */
  void useReferences(boolean useReferences);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true to include a many as a secondary query for unmodified.
+   */
+  boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many);
 }
@@ -14,4 +14,9 @@ public interface SpiBeanType {
   * or removals from the collection.
   */
  boolean isToManyDirty(EntityBean bean);
+
+  /**
+   * Return the FormulaBuilder for this type.
+   */
+  FormulaBuilder formulaBuilder();
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.api;

+import io.ebeaninternal.server.query.STreeProperty;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import io.ebean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollectionLoader;
@@ -377,4 +378,6 @@ public interface SpiEbeanServer extends SpiServer, BeanCollectionLoader {

  @Nullable
  SqlRow findOne(SpiSqlQuery query);
+
+  <T> STreeProperty createFormulaProperty(SpiBeanType desc, String formula, String path);
 }
@@ -780,9 +780,9 @@ public interface SpiQuery<T> extends Query<T>, SpiQueryFetch, TxnProfileEventCod
  CacheMode queryCacheMode();

  /**
-   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be read only.
+   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be unmodifiable.
   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly();
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Return the query timeout.
@@ -15,8 +15,4 @@ public interface SpiQueryManyJoin {
   */
  String fetchOrderBy();

-  /**
-   * Wrap the filter many expression with a condition allowing lEFT JOIN null matching row.
-   */
-  String idNullOr(String filterManyExpression);
 }
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
   * <p>
   * This is to handle bi-directional relationships where both sides Cascade.
   */
-  void registerDeleteBean(Integer hash);
+  void registerDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id);

  /**
   * Return true if this is a bean that has already been saved/deleted.
   */
-  boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Integer hash);
+  boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id);

  /**
   * Unregister the persisted beans. Expected after persisting top level beans
@@ -338,11 +338,6 @@ public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
   */
  boolean isNestedUseSavepoint();

-  /**
-   * Return true if explicitly set to skip cache (ignores skipOnWrite).
-   */
-  boolean isSkipCacheExplicit();
-
  /**
   * Fire pre commit processing/listeners.
   */
@@ -362,4 +357,14 @@ public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
   * Set the transaction to be inactive via external transaction manager.
   */
  void deactivateExternal();
+
+  /**
+   * Set autocommit to false for a findIterate query.
+   * <p>
+   * This is done for specific platforms that need it, in order to make
+   * use cursors to stream a large or unbounded query result to the client.
+   */
+  default void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
 }
@@ -169,11 +169,6 @@ public abstract class SpiTransactionProxy implements SpiTransaction {
    transaction.setSkipCache(skipCache);
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isSkipCacheExplicit() {
-    return transaction.isSkipCacheExplicit();
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isSkipCache() {
    return transaction.isSkipCache();
@@ -195,13 +190,13 @@ public abstract class SpiTransactionProxy implements SpiTransaction {
  }

  @Override
-  public void registerDeleteBean(Integer hash) {
-    transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
+  public void registerDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id) {
+    transaction.registerDeleteBean(type, id);
  }

  @Override
-  public boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Integer hash) {
-    return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
+  public boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id) {
+    return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(type, id);
  }

  @Override
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -48,25 +49,21 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataFromBean {
    if (!desc.isCacheSharableBeans() || !beanEbi.isFullyLoadedBean()) {
      return null;
    }
-    if (beanEbi.isReadOnly()) {
+    if (beanEbi instanceof InterceptReadOnly) {
      return bean;
    }
-
    // create a readOnly sharable instance by copying the data
-    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean2(true);
    BeanProperty idProp = desc.idProperty();
    if (idProp != null) {
      Object v = idProp.getValue(bean);
      idProp.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    BeanProperty[] propertiesNonTransient = desc.propertiesNonTransient();
-    for (BeanProperty aPropertiesNonTransient : propertiesNonTransient) {
-      Object v = aPropertiesNonTransient.getValue(bean);
-      aPropertiesNonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
+    for (BeanProperty nonTransient : desc.propertiesNonTransient()) {
+      Object v = nonTransient.getValue(bean);
+      nonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    EntityBeanIntercept intercept = sharableBean._ebean_getIntercept();
-    intercept.setReadOnly(true);
-    intercept.setLoaded();
+    desc.freeze(sharableBean);
    return sharableBean;
  }

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
-import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
+import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -25,10 +23,11 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataToBean {
    for (BeanProperty prop : desc.propertiesNonMany()) {
      loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
    }
+    final boolean addManyReferences = ebi instanceof InterceptReadWrite;
    for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> prop : desc.propertiesMany()) {
      if (prop.isElementCollection()) {
        loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
-      } else {
+      } else if (addManyReferences) {
        prop.createReferenceIfNull(bean);
      }
    }
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;

 import io.ebean.CancelableQuery;
-import io.ebean.Transaction;
 import io.ebean.util.JdbcClose;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.*;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.Binder;
@@ -98,6 +97,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractSqlQueryRequest implements CancelableQuery {
  public void setDefaultFetchBuffer(int fetchSize) {
    query.setDefaultFetchBuffer(fetchSize);
  }
+
+  public void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    if (createdTransaction) {
+      transaction.setAutoCommitOnFindIterate();
+    }
+  }
+
  /**
   * Close the underlying resources.
   */
@@ -67,12 +67,8 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    parentDesc.contextPutIfAbsent(pc, parentId, parentBean);
    boolean useManyIdCache = beanCollection != null && parentDesc.isManyPropCaching() && many.isUseCache();
    if (useManyIdCache) {
-      Boolean readOnly = null;
-      if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-        readOnly = Boolean.TRUE;
-      }
      final String parentKey = parentDesc.cacheKey(parentId);
-      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey, readOnly)) {
+      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey)) {
        return;
      }
    }
@@ -102,9 +98,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    query.setMode(Mode.LAZYLOAD_MANY);
    query.setLazyLoadManyPath(many.name());
    query.setPersistenceContext(pc);
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
      query.orderBy(many.path() + "." +  many.fetchOrderBy());
    }
@@ -212,9 +205,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
      // make sure the query doesn't use the cache
      query.setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode.OFF);
    }
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (Mode.REFRESH_BEAN == mode) {
      // explicitly state to load all properties on REFRESH.
      // Lobs default to fetch lazy so this forces lobs to be
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import io.ebean.BeanState;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;

 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -60,13 +61,8 @@ public final class DefaultBeanState implements BeanState {
  }

  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return intercept.isReadOnly();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    intercept.setReadOnly(readOnly);
+  public boolean isUnmodifiable() {
+    return intercept instanceof InterceptReadOnly;
  }

  @Override
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext.WithOption;
 import io.ebean.cache.ServerCacheManager;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.config.*;
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DatabasePlatform;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanPersistController;
@@ -114,6 +113,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
  private final long slowQueryMicros;
  private final SlowQueryListener slowQueryListener;
  private final boolean disableL2Cache;
+  private final AggregateFormulaContext formulaContext;
  private boolean shutdown;

  /**
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    this.backgroundExecutor = config.getBackgroundExecutor();
    this.extraMetrics = config.getExtraMetrics();
    this.serverName = this.config.getName();
+    this.formulaContext = config.getConfig().aggregateFormulaContext();
    this.lazyLoadBatchSize = this.config.getLazyLoadBatchSize();
    this.cqueryEngine = config.getCQueryEngine();
    this.expressionFactory = config.getExpressionFactory();
@@ -163,8 +164,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    this.scriptRunner = new DScriptRunner(this);

    configureServerPlugins();
-    // Register with the JVM Shutdown hook
-    ShutdownManager.registerDatabase(this);
+    if (this.config.shutdownHook() && "true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook", "true"))) {
+      // register with the JVM Shutdown hook
+      ShutdownManager.registerDatabase(this);
+    }
  }

  /**
@@ -279,6 +282,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
  }

  @Override
+  @Nullable
  public DataSource readOnlyDataSource() {
    return transactionManager.readOnlyDataSource();
  }
@@ -610,7 +614,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    }
    InheritInfo inheritInfo = desc.inheritInfo();
    if (inheritInfo == null || inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
-      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, null, false, id);
+      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, id);
    }
    return referenceFindOne(type, id, desc);
  }
@@ -926,6 +930,11 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    return findId(query);
  }

+  @Override
+  public <T> STreeProperty createFormulaProperty(SpiBeanType desc, String formula, String path) {
+    return desc.formulaBuilder().create(formulaContext, formula, path);
+  }
+
  <T> SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> createQueryRequest(Type type, SpiQuery<T> query) {
    SpiOrmQueryRequest<T> request = buildQueryRequest(type, query);
    request.prepareQuery();
@@ -994,7 +1003,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
      return null;
    }
    // Hit the L2 bean cache
-    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isReadOnly(), pc);
+    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isUnmodifiable(), pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -1205,11 +1214,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    SpiOrmQueryRequest<?> request = createQueryRequest(Type.ID_LIST, query);
    Object result = request.getFromQueryCache();
    if (result != null) {
-      if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-        return new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<A>) result);
-      } else {
-        return (List<A>) result;
-      }
+      return (List<A>) result;
    }
    try {
      request.initTransIfRequired();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public final class DtoQueryRequest<T> extends AbstractSqlQueryRequest {
  @Override
  protected void setResultSet(ResultSet resultSet, Object queryPlanKey) throws SQLException {
    this.resultSet = resultSet;
-    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
+    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(false, server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
    obtainPlan(queryPlanKey);
  }

@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
  }

  DtoQueryEngine createDtoQueryEngine() {
-    return new DtoQueryEngine(binder, config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList());
+    return new DtoQueryEngine(binder, config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList(), databasePlatform.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate());
  }

  RelationalQueryEngine createRelationalQueryEngine() {
    return new DefaultRelationalQueryEngine(binder, config.getDatabaseBooleanTrue(), config.getPlatformConfig().getDbUuid().useBinaryOptimized(),
-      config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList());
+      config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList(), databasePlatform.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate());
  }

  OrmQueryEngine createOrmQueryEngine() {
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ public interface OrmQueryEngine {
  <T> T findId(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
-   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate BeanCollection.
+   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate Collection.
   */
-  <T> BeanCollection<T> findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);
+  <T> Object findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
   * Execute the findSingleAttributeCollection query.
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;

 import io.ebean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
 import io.ebean.cache.QueryCacheEntry;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanList;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanMap;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanFindController;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanQueryAdapter;
 import io.ebean.text.json.JsonReadOptions;
@@ -497,10 +497,6 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    return cacheKey != null && query.queryCacheMode().isPut();
  }

-  public boolean isBeanCachePutMany() {
-    return !transaction.isSkipCacheExplicit() && query.isBeanCachePut();
-  }
-
  public boolean isBeanCachePut() {
    return !transaction.isSkipCache() && query.isBeanCachePut();
  }
@@ -546,7 +542,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return cacheBeans;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableList(cacheBeans) : cacheBeans;
  }

  @Override
@@ -565,7 +561,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    for (T bean : cacheBeans) {
      map.put((K) property.pathGet(bean), bean);
    }
-    return map;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableMap(map) : map;
  }

  private ElPropertyValue mapProperty() {
@@ -583,7 +579,8 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    var set = new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableSet(set) : set;
  }

  @Override
@@ -600,9 +597,12 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    //
    CacheIdLookup<T> idLookup = query.cacheIdLookup();
    if (idLookup != null) {
-      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, idLookup.idValues());
+      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), idLookup.idValues());
      // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
      this.cacheBeans = idLookup.removeHits(cacheResult);
+      if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+        unmodifiableFreeze(cacheBeans);
+      }
      return idLookup.allHits();
    }
    if (!beanDescriptor.isNaturalKeyCaching()) {
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      NaturalKeySet naturalKeySet = data.buildKeys();
      if (naturalKeySet != null) {
        // use the natural keys to lookup Ids to then hit the bean cache
-        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, naturalKeySet.keys());
+        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), naturalKeySet.keys());
        // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
        this.cacheBeans = data.removeHits(cacheResult);
        return data.allHits();
@@ -639,31 +639,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      return null;
    }

-    Object cached = beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
-    if (cached != null && isAuditReads() && readAuditQueryType()) {
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        // raw sql can't use L2 cache so normal queries only in here
-        Collection<T> actualDetails = ((BeanCollection<T>) cached).actualDetails();
-        List<Object> ids = new ArrayList<>(actualDetails.size());
-        for (T bean : actualDetails) {
-          ids.add(beanDescriptor.idForJson(bean));
-        }
-        beanDescriptor.readAuditMany(queryPlanKey.partialKey(), "l2-query-cache", ids);
-      }
-    }
-    if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(query.isReadOnly())) {
-      // return shallow copies if readonly is explicitly set to false
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        cached = ((BeanCollection<?>) cached).shallowCopy();
-      } else if (cached instanceof List) {
-        cached = new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Set) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashSet<>((Set<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Map) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashMap<>((Map<?, ?>) cached);
-      }
-    }
-    return cached;
+    return beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -780,4 +756,36 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      beanDescriptor.contextClear(transaction.persistenceContext());
    }
  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(Collection<T> beans) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beans != null) {
+        for (T bean : beans) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(BeanCollection<T> beanCollection) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beanCollection != null) {
+        for (T bean : beanCollection.actualDetails()) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(EntityBean bean) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable() && bean != null) {
+      beanDescriptor.freeze(bean);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    if (createdTransaction) {
+      transaction.setAutoCommitOnFindIterate();
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
   * The unique id used for logging summary.
   */
  private Object idValue;
-  /**
-   * Hash value used to handle cascade delete both ways in a relationship.
-   */
-  private Integer beanHash;
  private boolean statelessUpdate;
  private boolean notifyCache;
  /**
@@ -285,7 +281,9 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
  private void onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties() {
    for (BeanProperty prop : beanDescriptor.propertiesGenUpdate()) {
      Object oldVal = intercept.origValue(prop.propertyIndex());
-      prop.setValue(entityBean, oldVal);
+      if (oldVal != null) {
+        prop.setValue(entityBean, oldVal);
+      }
    }
  }

@@ -553,34 +551,17 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
    }
  }

-  /**
-   * The hash used to register the bean with the transaction.
-   * <p>
-   * Takes into account the class type and id value.
-   */
-  private Integer beanHash() {
-    if (beanHash == null) {
-      Object id = beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
-      int hc = 92821 * bean.getClass().getName().hashCode();
-      if (id != null) {
-        hc += id.hashCode();
-      }
-      beanHash = hc;
-    }
-    return beanHash;
-  }
-
  public void registerDeleteBean() {
-    Integer hash = beanHash();
-    transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
+    final Object id = beanDescriptor.id(entityBean);
+    transaction.registerDeleteBean(beanDescriptor.type(), id);
  }

  public boolean isRegisteredForDeleteBean() {
    if (transaction == null) {
      return false;
    } else {
-      Integer hash = beanHash();
-      return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
+      final Object id = beanDescriptor.id(entityBean);
+      return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(beanDescriptor.type(), id);
    }
  }

@@ -809,7 +790,9 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
  public void checkRowCount(int rowCount) {
    if (rowCount != 1 && rowCount != Statement.SUCCESS_NO_INFO) {
      if (ConcurrencyMode.VERSION == concurrencyMode) {
-        onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties();
+        if (type == Type.UPDATE) {
+          onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties();
+        }
        throw new OptimisticLockException("Data has changed. updated row count " + rowCount, null, bean);
      } else if (rowCount == 0 && type == Type.UPDATE) {
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("No rows updated");
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 abstract class AssocOneHelp {

  final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property;
-  private final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
+  protected final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
  private final String path;

  AssocOneHelp(BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property) {
@@ -66,9 +66,8 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    if (existing != null) {
      return existing;
    }
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.register(path, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    Object val = read(ctx);
    if (bean != null) {
      property.setValue(bean, val);
-      ctx.propagateState(val);
    }
    return val;
  }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(reader.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(reader, embeddedBean);
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
    if (bean != null) {
      // set back to the parent bean
      property.setValue(bean, dbVal);
-      ctx.propagateState(dbVal);
      return dbVal;
    } else {
      return null;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(ctx.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(ctx, embeddedBean);
@@ -70,12 +69,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
        notNull = true;
      }
    }
-    if (notNull) {
-      ctx.propagateState(embeddedBean);
-      return embeddedBean;
-    } else {
-      return null;
-    }
+    return notNull ? embeddedBean : null;
  }

  @Override
@@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ final class AssocOneHelpRefInherit extends AssocOneHelp {
      return existing;
    }
    // for inheritance hierarchy create the correct type for this row...
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.registerBeanInherit(property, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -688,6 +688,22 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    }
  }

+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    if (entityBean._ebean_getIntercept().freeze()) {
+      // recursively freeze the graph for this entityBean
+      for (BeanProperty beanProperty : propertiesMutable) {
+        beanProperty.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> one : propertiesOne) {
+        one.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many : propertiesMany) {
+        many.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  public void metricPersistBatch(PersistRequest.Type type, long startNanos, int size) {
    iudMetrics.addBatch(type, startNanos, size);
  }
@@ -1190,8 +1206,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Try to load the beanCollection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
-    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey, readOnly);
+  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
+    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -1240,8 +1256,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean as the correct bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1279,8 +1295,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache (or null).
   */
-  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), readOnly, context);
+  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), unmodifiable, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1309,15 +1325,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return cacheHelp.beanCacheLoad(bean, ebi, cacheKey(id), context);
  }

-  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
-    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, ids);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
+    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, unmodifiable, ids);
  }

  /**
   * Use natural key lookup to hit the bean cache.
   */
-  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
-    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, keys);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
+    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, unmodifiable, keys);
  }

  public void cacheNaturalKeyPut(String key, String newKey) {
@@ -1765,10 +1781,10 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Create a reference with a check for the bean in the persistence context.
   */
-  public EntityBean createReference(Boolean readOnly, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+  public EntityBean createReference(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
    Object refBean = contextGet(pc, id);
    if (refBean == null) {
-      refBean = createReference(readOnly, false, id, pc);
+      refBean = createReference(false, false, id, pc);
    }
    return (EntityBean) refBean;
  }
@@ -1777,8 +1793,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Create a reference bean based on the id.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public T createReference(Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !disableLazyLoad && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  public T createReference(boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      CachedBeanData d = cacheHelp.beanCacheGetData(cacheKey(id));
      if (d != null) {
        Object shareableBean = d.getSharableBean();
@@ -1794,18 +1810,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
      if (inheritInfo != null && !inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
        return findReferenceBean(id, pc);
      }
-      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean();
+      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      id = convertSetId(id, eb);
      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = eb._ebean_getIntercept();
      if (disableLazyLoad) {
        ebi.setDisableLazyLoad(true);
-      } else {
+      } else if (!unmodifiable) {
        ebi.setBeanLoader(refBeanLoader());
      }
      ebi.setReference(idPropertyIndex);
-      if (Boolean.TRUE == readOnly) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
-      }
      if (pc != null) {
        contextPut(pc, id, eb);
        ebi.setPersistenceContext(pc);
@@ -2030,11 +2043,12 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return pc.putIfAbsent(rootBeanType, id, localBean);
  }

-  /**
-   * Create a reference bean and put it in the persistence context (and return it).
-   */
-  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id) {
-    return createReference(readOnly, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
+    return createReference(false, false, id, pc);
+  }
+
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id, boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad) {
+    return createReference(unmodifiable, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -2149,7 +2163,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Set the Id value to the bean (without type conversion).
   */
  public void setId(Object idValue, EntityBean bean) {
-    idProperty.setValueIntercept(bean, idValue);
+    idProperty.setValue(bean, idValue);
  }

  @Override
@@ -2396,7 +2410,12 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   */
  private STreeProperty findSqlTreeFormula(String formula, String path) {
    String key = formula + "-" + path;
-    return dynamicProperty.computeIfAbsent(key, (fullKey) -> FormulaPropertyPath.create(this, formula, path));
+    return dynamicProperty.computeIfAbsent(key, (fullKey) -> ebeanServer.createFormulaProperty(this, formula, path));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FormulaBuilder formulaBuilder() {
+    return new DFormulaBuilder(this);
  }

  /**
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Try to load the bean collection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
+  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
    if (many.isElementCollection()) {
      // held as part of the bean cache so skip
      return false;
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    bc.checkEmptyLazyLoad();
    int i = 0;
    for (Object id : idList) {
-      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(readOnly, id, persistenceContext);
+      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(persistenceContext, id);
      if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
        ref._ebean_getIntercept().setSortOrder(++i);
      }
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Hit the bean cache with the given ids returning the hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
    Set<Object> keys = new HashSet<>(ids.size());
    for (Object id : ids) {
      keys.add(desc.cacheKey(id));
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    BeanCacheResult<T> result = new BeanCacheResult<>();
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      result.add(bean, desc.id(bean));
    }
    return result;
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Use natural keys to hit the bean cache and return resulting hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
    if (context == null) {
      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
    }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      Object id = entry.getKey();
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(id, false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(id, unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      Object naturalKey = reverseMap.get(id);
      result.add(bean, naturalKey);
    }
@@ -561,9 +561,9 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    return (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
  }

-  T beanCacheGet(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, readOnly, context);
-    if (bean != null) {
+  T beanCacheGet(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, unmodifiable, context);
+    if (bean != null && !unmodifiable) {
      setupContext(bean, context);
    }
    return bean;
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache.
   */
-  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
    CachedBeanData data = (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
    if (data == null) {
      if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -583,12 +583,12 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
      beanLog.log(TRACE, "   GET {0}({1}) - hit", cacheName, key);
    }
-    return convertToBean(key, readOnly, context, data);
+    return convertToBean(key, unmodifiable, context, data);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private T convertToBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  private T convertToBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      Object bean = data.getSharableBean();
      if (bean != null) {
        if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -600,18 +600,18 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
        return (T) bean;
      }
    }
-    return (T) loadBean(id, readOnly, data, context);
+    return (T) loadBean(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
   * Load the entity bean taking into account inheritance.
   */
-  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    String discValue = data.getDiscValue();
    if (discValue == null) {
-      return loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    } else {
-      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    }
  }

@@ -625,26 +625,22 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean from cache data given this is the root bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    id = desc.convertId(id);
-    EntityBean bean = null;
-    if (context == null) {
-      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
-    } else {
-      bean = (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);
-    }
+    EntityBean bean = context == null ? null : (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);;
    if (bean == null) {
-      bean = desc.createEntityBean();
+      bean = desc.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      desc.setId(id, bean);
-      desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
-
-      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
-      // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
-      ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
-      if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
+      if (!unmodifiable) {
+        if (context == null) {
+          context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
+        }
+        desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
+        EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
+        ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
+        // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
+        ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
      }
-      ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
    }

    CachedBeanDataToBean.load(desc, bean, data, context);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ final class BeanEmbeddedMetaFactory {
  }

  private static int dbLength(Column override, BeanProperty source) {
-    return (override != null && (override.length() != 255)) ? override.length() : source.dbLength();
+    return (override != null && (override.length() != 0)) ? override.length() : source.dbLength();
  }

  private static int dbScale(Column override, BeanProperty source) {
@@ -36,11 +36,6 @@ public final class BeanFkeyProperty implements ElPropertyValue {
    return "prefix:" + prefix + " name:" + name + " dbColumn:" + dbColumn + " ph:" + placeHolder;
  }

-  @Override
-  public String idNullOr(String filterManyExpression) {
-    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isAggregation() {
    return false;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More