Version 16.0.1

Update the kotlin-maven-plugin for tests and use EA maven profile (#3671 )
* Update the kotlin-maven-plugin for tests * Add a profile for EA that excludes kotlin-querybean-generator * For build workflow use maven profile "default" To ensure the kotlin-querybean-generator, test modules run * For build workflow use maven profile "default" To ensure the kotlin-querybean-generator, test modules run
2026-09-20 11:17:36 +00:00 · 2025-09-02 14:09:03 +12:00 · 2025-09-02 14:04:59 +12:00 · 2025-09-02 13:37:45 +12:00 · 2025-09-02 12:52:41 +12:00 · 2025-08-31 22:32:27 +12:00
258 changed files with 2360 additions and 1868 deletions
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ jobs:
 #    - name: Maven single test
 #      run: mvn --batch-mode clean verify -Dtest="io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultServer_getReferenceTest" -DfailIfNoTests=false
    - name: Build with Maven
-      run: mvn -T 8 clean test
+      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Pdefault

@@ -37,5 +37,5 @@ jobs:
    - name: Maven version
      run: mvn --version
    - name: Build with Maven
-      run: mvn -T 8 test
+      run: mvn test -Pea

@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ jobs:
        path:
          ~/.m2
        key: build-${{ env.cache-name }}
-    - name: mariadb 10.6
+    - name: mariadb 10.11
      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-mariadb.properties
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ jobs:
        path:
          ~/.m2
        key: build-${{ env.cache-name }}
-    - name: sqlserver 2017
-      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-sqlserver17.properties
+    - name: sqlserver 2022
+      run: mvn -T 8 clean test -Dprops.file=testconfig/ebean-sqlserver.properties
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-clickhouse</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-db2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-hana</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mariadb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mysql</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-net-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-nuodb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-oracle</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlite</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-all</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>composites</artifactId>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean api</name>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.avaje</groupId>
      <artifactId>avaje-config</artifactId>
-      <version>4.0</version>
+      <version>4.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Unsupported access of a property on an entity bean.
+ * <p>
+ * Attempted a lazy load operation on a bean that has disabled lazy loading
+ * or attempt to mutate an unmodifiable bean.
+ */
+public class BeanAccessException extends UnsupportedOperationException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with no message.
+   */
+  public BeanAccessException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create with message.
+   */
+  public BeanAccessException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -89,12 +89,7 @@ public interface BeanState {
   * <p>
   * If a setter is called on a readOnly bean it will throw an exception.
   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status for the bean.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Advanced - Used to programmatically build a partially or fully loaded
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ public interface Database {
  /**
   * Return the associated read only DataSource for this Database instance (can be null).
   */
+  @Nullable
  DataSource readOnlyDataSource();

  /**
@@ -1062,6 +1062,11 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
   */
  DatabaseBuilder readOnlyDatabase(boolean readOnlyDatabase);

+  /**
+   * Set to false such that the instance does not register a JVM shutdown hook.
+   */
+  DatabaseBuilder shutdownHook(boolean shutdownHook);
+
  /**
   * Set a DataSource.
   */
@@ -2643,6 +2648,11 @@ public interface DatabaseBuilder {
     */
    boolean readOnlyDatabase();

+    /**
+     * Return if a JVM shutdown hook should be registered.
+     */
+    boolean shutdownHook();
+
    /**
     * Return the DataSource.
     */
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when trying to access a property that isn't loaded on an entity
+ * that is unmodifiable or has disabled lazy loading.
+ * <p>
+ * On a normal mutable entity accessing the property would invoke lazy loading. On
+ * a unmodifiable entity with lazy loading disabled, accessing an unloaded property
+ * throws this LazyInitialisationException instead.
+ */
+public class LazyInitialisationException extends BeanAccessException {
+
+  /**
+   * Create specifying the property that was being accessed.
+   */
+  public LazyInitialisationException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ public interface ModifyAwareType {
   */
  void setMarkedDirty(boolean markedDirty);

+  default Object freeze() {
+    return this; // throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
 }
@@ -388,9 +388,13 @@ public interface QueryBuilder<SELF extends QueryBuilder<SELF, T>, T> extends Que
  SELF setUseDocStore(boolean useDocStore);

  /**
-   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be read only.
+   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be unmodifiable read only.
+   * <p>
+   * This means that the returning graph can't be mutated via setters, all the collections
+   * are unmodifiable collections, lazy loading is disabled and that the query uses
+   * {@link PersistenceContextScope#QUERY}.
   */
-  SELF setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  SELF setUnmodifiable(boolean unmodifiable);

  /**
   * Set a timeout on this query.
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Attempted to modify a read only entity.
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableEntityException extends BeanAccessException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with no message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create with message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -119,18 +119,6 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
   */
  void setLoader(BeanCollectionLoader beanLoader);

-  /**
-   * Set to true if you want the BeanCollection to be treated as read only. This
-   * means no elements can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
-  /**
-   * Return true if the collection should be treated as readOnly and no elements
-   * can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
  /**
   * Add the bean to the collection. This is disallowed for BeanMap.
   */
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
  boolean wasTouched();

  /**
-   * Return a shallow copy of this collection that is modifiable.
+   * Freeze the collection returning an unmodifiable version.
   */
-  BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy();
+  Object freeze();
 }
@@ -148,18 +148,6 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   */
  boolean isLoadedFromCache();

-  /**
-   * Return true if the bean should be treated as readOnly. If a setter method
-   * is called when it is readOnly an Exception is thrown.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status. If readOnly then calls to setter methods through
-   * an exception.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
  /**
   * Set the bean to be updated when persisted (for merge).
   */
@@ -552,4 +540,9 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   * Update the 'next' mutable info returning the content that was obtained via dirty detection.
   */
  String mutableNext(int propertyIndex);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this entity bean should be frozen. Used to handle recursive freezing.
+   */
+  boolean freeze();
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package io.ebean.bean;
+
+/**
+ * Common base features for EntityBeanIntercept.
+ */
+abstract class InterceptBase implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+
+  final EntityBean owner;
+  boolean fullyLoadedBean;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a given entity.
+   */
+  InterceptBase(Object ownerBean) {
+    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
+   */
+  InterceptBase() {
+    this.owner = null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final EntityBean owner() {
+    return owner;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
+    return fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
+    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String property(int propertyIndex) {
+    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final int findProperty(String propertyName) {
+    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
+    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
+    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    final int len = propertyLength();
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
+        sb.append(i).append(',');
+      }
+    }
+    return sb;
+  }
+}
@@ -1,37 +1,44 @@
 package io.ebean.bean;

+import io.ebean.LazyInitialisationException;
+import io.ebean.UnmodifiableEntityException;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;

-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * EntityBeanIntercept optimised for read only use.
 * <p>
 * For the read only use this intercept doesn't need to hold any state that is normally
- * required for updates such as per property changed, loaded, dirty state, original values
+ * required for updates such as per property changed, dirty state, original values
 * bean state etc.
 */
-public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadOnly extends InterceptBase {

-  private final EntityBean owner;
+  private final boolean[] loaded;
+  private boolean frozen;

  /**
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadOnly(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
+    this.loaded = new boolean[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    if (frozen) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      frozen = true;
+      return true;
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "InterceptReadOnly{" + owner + '}';
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
+    return "InterceptReadOnly{frozen:" + frozen + " loaded:" + loadedPropertyNames() + '}';
  }

  @Override
@@ -94,18 +101,13 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
+    for (boolean flag : loaded) {
+      if (!flag) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
    return false;
  }

@@ -136,7 +138,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public boolean hasIdOnly(int idIndex) {
-    return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (i == idIndex) {
+        if (!loaded[i]) return false;
+      } else if (loaded[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -159,16 +168,6 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return false;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {

@@ -234,44 +233,38 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return null;
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
-    return 0;
+    return loaded.length;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyLoaded(String propertyName, boolean loaded) {
-
+    final int position = findProperty(propertyName);
+    if (position == -1) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property not found - " + propertyName);
+    }
+    this.loaded[position] = loaded;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyUnloaded(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = false;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedPropertyAll() {
-
+    Arrays.fill(loaded, true);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-    return false;
+    return loaded[propertyIndex];
  }

  @Override
@@ -321,7 +314,16 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public Set<String> loadedPropertyNames() {
-    return Collections.emptySet();
+    if (fullyLoadedBean) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    final Set<String> props = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (loaded[i]) {
+        props.add(property(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return props;
  }

  @Override
@@ -369,14 +371,11 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
-    return new boolean[0];
+    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[loaded.length];
+    System.arraycopy(loaded, 0, ret, 0, ret.length);
+    return ret;
  }

  @Override
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void initialisedMany(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -416,12 +415,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preGetter(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    if (!loaded[propertyIndex]) {
+      throw new LazyInitialisationException("Property not loaded: " + property(propertyIndex));
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetterMany(boolean interceptField, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -436,57 +437,57 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, boolean oldValue, boolean newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, int oldValue, int newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, long oldValue, long newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, double oldValue, double newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, float oldValue, float newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, short oldValue, short newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char oldValue, char newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte oldValue, byte newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char[] oldValue, char[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte[] oldValue, byte[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 * This provides the mechanisms to support deferred fetching of reference beans
 * and oldValues generation for concurrency checking.
 */
-public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadWrite extends InterceptBase {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3664031775464862649L;

@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
  private String ebeanServerName;
  private boolean deletedFromCollection;

-  /**
-   * The actual entity bean that 'owns' this intercept.
-   */
-  private final EntityBean owner;
  private EntityBean embeddedOwner;
  private int embeddedOwnerIndex;
  /**
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   */
  private int state;
  private boolean forceUpdate;
-  private boolean readOnly;
  private boolean dirty;
  /**
   * Flag set to disable lazy loading.
@@ -77,7 +72,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Flag set when lazy loading failed due to the underlying bean being deleted in the DB.
   */
  private boolean lazyLoadFailure;
-  private boolean fullyLoadedBean;
  private boolean loadedFromCache;
  private final byte[] flags;
  private Object[] origValues;
@@ -101,7 +95,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
    this.flags = new byte[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
  }

@@ -109,16 +103,20 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite() {
-    this.owner = null;
+    super();
    this.flags = null;
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("never expected");
+  }
+
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "InterceptReadWrite@" + hashCode() + "{state=" + state +
      (dirty ? " dirty;" : "") +
      (forceUpdate ? " forceUpdate;" : "") +
-      (readOnly ? " readOnly;" : "") +
      (disableLazyLoad ? " disableLazyLoad;" : "") +
      (lazyLoadFailure ? " lazyLoadFailure;" : "") +
      (fullyLoadedBean ? " fullyLoadedBean;" : "") +
@@ -131,11 +129,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
      '}';
  }

-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public PersistenceContext persistenceContext() {
    return persistenceContext;
@@ -200,16 +193,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    this.ebeanServerName = beanLoader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
    for (byte flag : flags) {
@@ -298,16 +281,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return loadedFromCache;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {
    this.forceUpdate = forceUpdate;
@@ -411,25 +384,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return origValues[propertyIndex];
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
-    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
-      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
    return flags.length;
@@ -668,18 +622,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    }
  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-    final int len = propertyLength();
-    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
-        sb.append(i).append(',');
-      }
-    }
-    return sb;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[flags.length];
@@ -708,7 +650,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
        if (database == null) {
          throw new PersistenceException(ebeanServerName == null ? "No registered default server" : "Database [" + ebeanServerName + "] is not registered");
        }
-        // For stand alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
+        // For stand-alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
        // using the ebeanServer. Synchronise only on the bean.
        loadBeanInternal(loadProperty, database.pluginApi().beanLoader());
        return;
@@ -845,18 +787,12 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    if (state == STATE_NEW) {
      setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
    } else {
-      if (readOnly) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-      }
      setChangeLoaded(propertyIndex);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void setChangedPropertyValue(int propertyIndex, boolean setDirtyState, Object origValue) {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-    }
    setChangedProperty(propertyIndex);
    if (setDirtyState) {
      setOriginalValue(propertyIndex, origValue);
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 3365725236140187588L;

  protected final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-  protected boolean readOnly;
  protected boolean disableLazyLoad;
  /**
   * The Database this is associated with. (used for lazy fetch).
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
    this.ownerBean = ownerBean;
    this.propertyName = propertyName;
-    this.readOnly = ownerBean != null && ownerBean._ebean_getIntercept().isReadOnly();
  }

  @Override
@@ -103,22 +101,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
-  void checkReadOnly() {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
  // Support for modify additions deletions etc - ManyToMany
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -212,14 +194,4 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    return modifyHolder != null && modifyHolder.wasTouched();
  }

-  /**
-   * Copies all relevant properties for a clone. See {@link #shallowCopy()}
-   */
-  protected void setFromOriginal(AbstractBeanCollection<E> other) {
-    this.disableLazyLoad = other.disableLazyLoad;
-    this.ebeanServerName = other.ebeanServerName;
-    this.loader = other.loader;
-    this.ownerBean = other.ownerBean;
-    this.propertyName = other.propertyName;
-  }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package io.ebean.common;

 import io.ebean.bean.*;

-import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.*;

 /**
@@ -39,6 +38,17 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    if (list == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return List.of();
+    } else {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(list);
@@ -223,7 +233,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      modifyAddition(element);
@@ -238,7 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (list.add(bean)) {
@@ -253,7 +261,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -264,7 +271,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -275,7 +281,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    // TODO: when clear() and not initialised could be more clever
    // and fetch just the Id's
    initClear();
@@ -320,9 +325,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, list.iterator());
    }
@@ -338,9 +340,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator());
    }
@@ -350,9 +349,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator(index));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator(index));
    }
@@ -368,7 +364,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.remove(index);
@@ -380,7 +375,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean isRemove = list.remove(bean);
@@ -394,7 +388,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -412,7 +405,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> retainBeans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -433,7 +425,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.set(index, element);
@@ -453,9 +444,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyList<>(this, list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
    }
@@ -475,67 +463,4 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    return list.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyListIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3097271091406323699L;
-
-    private final ListIterator<E> i;
-
-    ReadOnlyListIterator(ListIterator<E> i) {
-      this.i = i;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void add(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void set(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return i.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasPrevious() {
-      return i.hasPrevious();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return i.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int nextIndex() {
-      return i.nextIndex();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E previous() {
-      return i.previous();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int previousIndex() {
-      return i.previousIndex();
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanList<E> copy = new BeanList<>(new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>(list));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    super(ebeanServer, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, E> freeze() {
+    return map == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    if (map == null || map.isEmpty()) {
@@ -217,7 +222,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // add all beans to the removal list
@@ -243,9 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<Entry<K, E>> entrySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.entrySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyEntrySet<>(this, map.entrySet()) : map.entrySet();
  }

@@ -264,15 +265,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<K> keySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.keySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyKeySet<>(this, map.keySet()) : map.keySet();
  }

  @Override
  public E put(K key, E value) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E oldBean = map.put(key, value);
@@ -289,7 +286,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends E> puts) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends E> entry : puts.entrySet()) {
@@ -306,17 +302,16 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void addBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public void removeBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public E remove(Object key) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = map.remove(key);
@@ -335,16 +330,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Collection<E> values() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(map.values());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyCollection<>(this, map.values()) : map.values();
  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanMap<K, E> copy = new BeanMap<>(new LinkedHashMap<>(map));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.common;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Set capable of lazy loading and modification aware.
@@ -38,6 +35,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return set == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(set);
@@ -211,7 +213,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.add(bean)) {
@@ -226,7 +227,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (E bean : set) {
@@ -275,9 +274,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyIterator<>(set.iterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, set.iterator());
    }
@@ -286,7 +282,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.remove(bean)) {
@@ -300,7 +295,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -317,7 +311,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -355,36 +348,4 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    return set.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyIterator<E> implements Iterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2577697326745352605L;
-
-    private final Iterator<E> it;
-
-    ReadOnlyIterator(Iterator<E> it) {
-      this.it = it;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return it.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return it.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanSet<E> copy = new BeanSet<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(set));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.common;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.AbstractList;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
-import java.util.function.Predicate;
-import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
-
-/**
- * List that copies itself on first write access. Needed to keep memory footprint low and the ability
- * to modify lists from cache.
- *
- * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
- */
-public final class CopyOnFirstWriteList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, Serializable {
-
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-  private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-
-  /**
-   * The underlying List implementation.
-   */
-  private List<E> list;
-
-  public CopyOnFirstWriteList(List<E> list) {
-    super();
-    this.list = list;
-  }
-
-  private volatile boolean copied = false;
-
-  @Override
-  public int size() {
-    return list.size();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isEmpty() {
-    return list.isEmpty();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean contains(Object o) {
-    return list.contains(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public Object[] toArray() {
-    return list.toArray();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
-    return list.toArray(a);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean add(E e) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.add(e);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean remove(Object o) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    return list.containsAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(index, c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.retainAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.replaceAll(operator);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeIf(filter);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.sort(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void clear() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      list = new ArrayList<>();
-      copied = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean equals(Object o) {
-    return list.equals(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int hashCode() {
-    return list.hashCode();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E get(int index) {
-    return list.get(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.set(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.add(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int indexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.indexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.lastIndexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  private void checkCopyOnWrite() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      lock.lock();
-      try {
-        if (!copied) {
-          list = new ArrayList<>(list);
-          copied = true;
-        }
-      } finally {
-        lock.unlock();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
  /**
   * The default batch size for lazy loading
   */
-  private int lazyLoadBatchSize = 10;
+  private int lazyLoadBatchSize = 100;

  /**
   * The default batch size for 'query joins'.
@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
  private boolean skipDataSourceCheck;

  private boolean readOnlyDatabase;
+  private boolean shutdownHook = true;

  /**
   * The data source (if programmatically provided).
@@ -1365,6 +1366,17 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
    return readOnlyDatabase;
  }

+  @Override
+  public DatabaseBuilder shutdownHook(boolean shutdownHook) {
+    this.shutdownHook = shutdownHook;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shutdownHook() {
+    return shutdownHook;
+  }
+
  @Override
  public DataSource getDataSource() {
    return dataSource;
@@ -2137,6 +2149,7 @@ public class DatabaseConfig implements DatabaseBuilder.Settings {
    loadDocStoreSettings(p);

    defaultServer = p.getBoolean("defaultServer", defaultServer);
+    shutdownHook = p.getBoolean("shutdownHook", shutdownHook);
    readOnlyDatabase = p.getBoolean("readOnlyDatabase", readOnlyDatabase);
    autoPersistUpdates = p.getBoolean("autoPersistUpdates", autoPersistUpdates);
    loadModuleInfo = p.getBoolean("loadModuleInfo", loadModuleInfo);
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
   * findIterate() and findVisit().
   */
  protected boolean forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate;
+  protected boolean autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate;

  /**
   * If set then use the CONCUR_UPDATABLE hint when creating ResultSets.
@@ -528,6 +529,10 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
    this.forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate = forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate;
  }

+  public boolean autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate() {
+    return autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate;
+  }
+
  /**
   * Return true if the ResultSet CONCUR_UPDATABLE Hint should be used on
   * createNativeSqlTree() PreparedStatements.
@@ -780,4 +785,5 @@ public class DatabasePlatform {
  public String inlineSqlHint(String hint) {
    return "/*+ " + hint + " */ ";
  }
+
 }
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ public final class ShutdownManager {
  private static void registerShutdownHook() {
    lock.lock();
    try {
-      String value = System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook");
-      if (value == null || !value.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
+      if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook", "true"))) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
      }
    } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    props.setProperty("readOnlyDatabase", "true");
    props.setProperty("lengthCheck", "ON");
    props.setProperty("includeLabelInSql", "false");
+    props.setProperty("lazyLoadBatchSize", "50");
+    props.setProperty("queryBatchSize", "60");
+    props.setProperty("shutdownHook", "false");

    props.setProperty("queryPlan.enable", "true");
    props.setProperty("queryPlan.thresholdMicros", "10000");
@@ -98,8 +101,11 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(settings.isLoadModuleInfo());
    assertTrue(settings.skipDataSourceCheck());
    assertTrue(settings.readOnlyDatabase());
+    assertFalse(settings.shutdownHook());
    assertFalse(settings.isIncludeLabelInSql());
    assertThat(settings.getLengthCheck()).isEqualTo(LengthCheck.ON);
+    assertThat(settings.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(50);
+    assertThat(settings.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(60);

    assertTrue(settings.isIdGeneratorAutomatic());
    assertFalse(settings.getPlatformConfig().isCaseSensitiveCollation());
@@ -168,6 +174,7 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    DatabaseBuilder.Settings config = new DatabaseConfig().settings();
    assertTrue(config.isIdGeneratorAutomatic());
    assertTrue(config.isDefaultServer());
+    assertTrue(config.shutdownHook());
    assertFalse(config.isAutoPersistUpdates());
    assertFalse(config.skipDataSourceCheck());

@@ -179,6 +186,8 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(config.getPlatformConfig().isCaseSensitiveCollation());
    assertTrue(config.isAutoLoadModuleInfo());
    assertTrue(config.isLoadModuleInfo());
+    assertThat(config.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(100);
+    assertThat(config.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(100);

    assertFalse(config.isQueryPlanEnable());
    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, config.getQueryPlanThresholdMicros());
@@ -190,6 +199,8 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertThat(config.getLengthCheck()).isEqualTo(LengthCheck.OFF);
    assertTrue(config.isIncludeLabelInSql());

+    config.shutdownHook(false);
+    assertFalse(config.shutdownHook());
    config.setLoadModuleInfo(false);
    assertFalse(config.isAutoLoadModuleInfo());
    assertFalse(config.isLoadModuleInfo());
@@ -197,6 +208,10 @@ class DatabaseConfigTest {
    assertTrue(config.isAutoPersistUpdates());
    config.setSkipDataSourceCheck(true);
    assertTrue(config.skipDataSourceCheck());
+    config.lazyLoadBatchSize(20);
+    assertThat(config.getLazyLoadBatchSize()).isEqualTo(20);
+    config.queryBatchSize(30);
+    assertThat(config.getQueryBatchSize()).isEqualTo(30);
  }

  @Test
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean bom</name>
@@ -89,25 +89,25 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-ddl-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -155,37 +155,37 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-test</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-redis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-spring-txn</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- platforms -->
@@ -193,79 +193,79 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-clickhouse</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-db2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-h2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-hana</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mariadb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mysql</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-nuodb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-oracle</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgres</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlite</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlserver</artifactId>
-        <version>14.11.0</version>
+        <version>16.0.1</version>
      </dependency>

    </dependencies>
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
+  </parent>
+  <artifactId>ebean-core-json</artifactId>
+  <name>ebean-core-json</name>
+  <scm>
+    <developerConnection>scm:git:git@github.com:ebean-orm/ebean.git</developerConnection>
+    <tag>HEAD</tag>
+  </scm>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <!-- Jackson core used internally by Ebean -->
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
+      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+  </dependencies>
+
+</project>
@@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ import io.ebean.service.SpiJsonService;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.Writer;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Utility that converts between JSON content and simple java Maps/Lists.
@@ -52,8 +48,8 @@ public final class DJsonService implements SpiJsonService {
  }

  /**
-   * Parse the json and return as a Map additionally specifying if the returned map should
-   * be modify aware meaning that it can detect when it has been modified.
+   * Parse the json and return as a Map additionally specifying if the returned map should be modify
+   * aware meaning that it can detect when it has been modified.
   */
  @Override
  public Map<String, Object> parseObject(String json, boolean modifyAware) throws IOException {
@@ -94,9 +90,8 @@ public final class DJsonService implements SpiJsonService {

  /**
   * Parse the json and return as a Map taking a JsonParser and a starting token.
-   * <p>
-   * Used when the first token is checked to see if the value is null prior to calling this.
-   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>Used when the first token is checked to see if the value is null prior to calling this.
   */
  @Override
  public Map<String, Object> parseObject(JsonParser parser, JsonToken token) throws IOException {
@@ -8,15 +8,23 @@ import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Reader;
 import java.io.StringReader;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.*;

 final class EJsonReader {

  static final JsonFactory json = new JsonFactory();
+  private final JsonParser parser;
+  private final boolean modifyAware;
+  private final ModifyAwareFlag modifyAwareOwner;
+  private int depth;
+  private Stack stack;
+  private Context currentContext;
+
+  EJsonReader(JsonParser parser, boolean modifyAware) {
+    this.parser = parser;
+    this.modifyAware = modifyAware;
+    this.modifyAwareOwner = modifyAware ? new ModifyAwareFlag() : null;
+  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  static Map<String, Object> parseObject(String json, boolean modifyAware) throws IOException {
@@ -102,24 +110,6 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    return new EJsonReader(parser, modifyAware).parseJson(token);
  }

-  private final JsonParser parser;
-
-  private final boolean modifyAware;
-
-  private final ModifyAwareFlag modifyAwareOwner;
-
-  private int depth;
-
-  private Stack stack;
-
-  private Context currentContext;
-
-  EJsonReader(JsonParser parser, boolean modifyAware) {
-    this.parser = parser;
-    this.modifyAware = modifyAware;
-    this.modifyAwareOwner = (modifyAware) ? new ModifyAwareFlag() : null;
-  }
-
  private void startArray() {
    depth++;
    stack.push(currentContext);
@@ -197,7 +187,6 @@ final class EJsonReader {
   */
  private void processJsonToken(JsonToken token) throws IOException {
    switch (token) {
-
      case START_ARRAY:
        startArray();
        break;
@@ -273,17 +262,17 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    }
  }

-  private static abstract class Context {
+  private abstract static class Context {
    Context next;

    abstract void popContext(Context temp);

    abstract Object getValue();

-    abstract void setKey(String key);
-
    abstract void setValue(Object value);

+    abstract void setKey(String key);
+
    abstract void setValueNull();
  }

@@ -312,13 +301,13 @@ final class EJsonReader {
    }

    @Override
-    void setKey(String key) {
-      this.key = key;
+    void setValue(Object value) {
+      map.put(key, value);
    }

    @Override
-    void setValue(Object value) {
-      map.put(key, value);
+    void setKey(String key) {
+      this.key = key;
    }

    @Override
@@ -364,5 +353,4 @@ final class EJsonReader {
      // not expected
    }
  }
-
 }
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
   * Base jsonFactory implementation used when it is not passed in.
   */
  static final JsonFactory jsonFactory = new JsonFactory();
+  private final JsonGenerator jsonGenerator;
+
+  private EJsonWriter(JsonGenerator jsonGenerator) {
+    this.jsonGenerator = jsonGenerator;
+  }

  static String write(Object object) throws IOException {
    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(200);
@@ -42,12 +47,6 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
    new EJsonWriter(jsonGenerator).writeCollection(null, collection);
  }

-  private final JsonGenerator jsonGenerator;
-
-  private EJsonWriter(JsonGenerator jsonGenerator) {
-    this.jsonGenerator = jsonGenerator;
-  }
-
  private void writeJson(Object object) {
    writeJson(null, object);
  }
@@ -210,5 +209,4 @@ final class EJsonWriter {
    }
    jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
  }
-
 }
@@ -22,5 +22,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareFlag implements ModifyAwareType, Serializable {
  public void setMarkedDirty(boolean markedDirty) {
    this.markedDirty = markedDirty;
  }
-
 }
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ public final class ModifyAwareIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {

  /**
   * Create with an Owner and the underlying Iterator this wraps.
-   * <p>
-   * The owner is notified of the removals.
-   * </p>
+   *
+   * <p>The owner is notified of the removals.
   */
  public ModifyAwareIterator(ModifyAwareType owner, Iterator<E> it) {
    this.owner = owner;
@@ -38,5 +37,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
    owner.setMarkedDirty(true);
    it.remove();
  }
-
 }
@@ -3,12 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.ListIterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Modify aware wrapper of a list.
@@ -52,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareList<E> implements List<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seria
    return list.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Map that is wraps an underlying map for the purpose of detecting changes.
@@ -38,11 +34,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (this == o) return true;
    if (o instanceof ModifyAwareMap) {
-      ModifyAwareMap<?,?> that = (ModifyAwareMap<?,?>) o;
+      ModifyAwareMap<?, ?> that = (ModifyAwareMap<?, ?>) o;
      return Objects.equals(map, that.map);
    }
    if (!(o instanceof Map)) return false;
-    Map<?,?> that = (Map<?,?>) o;
+    Map<?, ?> that = (Map<?, ?>) o;
    return Objects.equals(map, that);
  }

@@ -51,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
    return map.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, V> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -111,7 +112,6 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
    map.putAll(m);
  }

-
  @Override
  public void clear() {
    if (!map.isEmpty()) {
@@ -134,5 +134,4 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
  public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
    return new ModifyAwareSet<>(this, map.entrySet());
  }
-
 }
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Wraps a Set for the purposes of detecting modifications.
@@ -33,6 +30,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareSet<E> implements Set<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seriali
    this.set = underlying;
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module io.ebean.core.json {
+
+  requires io.ebean.api;
+
+  requires transitive com.fasterxml.jackson.core;
+  exports io.ebeaninternal.json to io.ebean.test, io.ebean.core;
+
+  provides io.ebean.service.BootstrapService with io.ebeaninternal.json.DJsonService;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+io.ebeaninternal.json.DJsonService
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;

 public interface DataReader {

+  boolean unmodifiable();
+
  void close() throws SQLException;

  boolean next() throws SQLException;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.11.0</version>
+    <version>16.0.1</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
+      <artifactId>ebean-core-json</artifactId>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -159,21 +165,21 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.11.0</version>
+      <version>16.0.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.api;

+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

@@ -13,10 +14,23 @@ public final class BindValuesKey {

  private final List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();

+  private final SpiEbeanServer server;
+
+  public BindValuesKey(SpiEbeanServer server) {
+    this.server = server;
+  }
+
  /**
   * Add a bind value.
   */
  public BindValuesKey add(Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof EntityBean) {
+      // only interested in id to keep the memory footprint low
+      Object id = server.beanId(value);
+      if (id != null) {
+        value = id;
+      }
+    }
    values.add(value);
    return this;
  }
@@ -31,5 +45,4 @@ public final class BindValuesKey {
    return values.hashCode();
  }

-
 }
@@ -55,4 +55,9 @@ public interface LoadContext {
   * Use soft-references for streaming queries, so unreachable entries can be garbage collected.
   */
  void useReferences(boolean useReferences);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true to include a many as a secondary query for unmodified.
+   */
+  boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many);
 }
@@ -780,9 +780,9 @@ public interface SpiQuery<T> extends Query<T>, SpiQueryFetch, TxnProfileEventCod
  CacheMode queryCacheMode();

  /**
-   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be read only.
+   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be unmodifiable.
   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly();
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Return the query timeout.
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
   * <p>
   * This is to handle bi-directional relationships where both sides Cascade.
   */
-  void registerDeleteBean(Integer hash);
+  void registerDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id);

  /**
   * Return true if this is a bean that has already been saved/deleted.
   */
-  boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Integer hash);
+  boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id);

  /**
   * Unregister the persisted beans. Expected after persisting top level beans
@@ -362,4 +362,14 @@ public interface SpiTransaction extends Transaction {
   * Set the transaction to be inactive via external transaction manager.
   */
  void deactivateExternal();
+
+  /**
+   * Set autocommit to false for a findIterate query.
+   * <p>
+   * This is done for specific platforms that need it, in order to make
+   * use cursors to stream a large or unbounded query result to the client.
+   */
+  default void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
 }
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@ public abstract class SpiTransactionProxy implements SpiTransaction {
  }

  @Override
-  public void registerDeleteBean(Integer hash) {
-    transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
+  public void registerDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id) {
+    transaction.registerDeleteBean(type, id);
  }

  @Override
-  public boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Integer hash) {
-    return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
+  public boolean isRegisteredDeleteBean(Class<?> type, Object id) {
+    return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(type, id);
  }

  @Override
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -48,25 +49,21 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataFromBean {
    if (!desc.isCacheSharableBeans() || !beanEbi.isFullyLoadedBean()) {
      return null;
    }
-    if (beanEbi.isReadOnly()) {
+    if (beanEbi instanceof InterceptReadOnly) {
      return bean;
    }
-
    // create a readOnly sharable instance by copying the data
-    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean2(true);
    BeanProperty idProp = desc.idProperty();
    if (idProp != null) {
      Object v = idProp.getValue(bean);
      idProp.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    BeanProperty[] propertiesNonTransient = desc.propertiesNonTransient();
-    for (BeanProperty aPropertiesNonTransient : propertiesNonTransient) {
-      Object v = aPropertiesNonTransient.getValue(bean);
-      aPropertiesNonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
+    for (BeanProperty nonTransient : desc.propertiesNonTransient()) {
+      Object v = nonTransient.getValue(bean);
+      nonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    EntityBeanIntercept intercept = sharableBean._ebean_getIntercept();
-    intercept.setReadOnly(true);
-    intercept.setLoaded();
+    desc.freeze(sharableBean);
    return sharableBean;
  }

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
-import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
+import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -25,10 +23,11 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataToBean {
    for (BeanProperty prop : desc.propertiesNonMany()) {
      loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
    }
+    final boolean addManyReferences = ebi instanceof InterceptReadWrite;
    for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> prop : desc.propertiesMany()) {
      if (prop.isElementCollection()) {
        loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
-      } else {
+      } else if (addManyReferences) {
        prop.createReferenceIfNull(bean);
      }
    }
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;

 import io.ebean.CancelableQuery;
-import io.ebean.Transaction;
 import io.ebean.util.JdbcClose;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.*;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.persist.Binder;
@@ -98,6 +97,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractSqlQueryRequest implements CancelableQuery {
  public void setDefaultFetchBuffer(int fetchSize) {
    query.setDefaultFetchBuffer(fetchSize);
  }
+
+  public void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    if (createdTransaction) {
+      transaction.setAutoCommitOnFindIterate();
+    }
+  }
+
  /**
   * Close the underlying resources.
   */
@@ -67,12 +67,8 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    parentDesc.contextPutIfAbsent(pc, parentId, parentBean);
    boolean useManyIdCache = beanCollection != null && parentDesc.isManyPropCaching() && many.isUseCache();
    if (useManyIdCache) {
-      Boolean readOnly = null;
-      if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-        readOnly = Boolean.TRUE;
-      }
      final String parentKey = parentDesc.cacheKey(parentId);
-      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey, readOnly)) {
+      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey)) {
        return;
      }
    }
@@ -102,9 +98,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    query.setMode(Mode.LAZYLOAD_MANY);
    query.setLazyLoadManyPath(many.name());
    query.setPersistenceContext(pc);
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
      query.orderBy(many.path() + "." +  many.fetchOrderBy());
    }
@@ -212,9 +205,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
      // make sure the query doesn't use the cache
      query.setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode.OFF);
    }
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (Mode.REFRESH_BEAN == mode) {
      // explicitly state to load all properties on REFRESH.
      // Lobs default to fetch lazy so this forces lobs to be
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import io.ebean.BeanState;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;

 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -60,13 +61,8 @@ public final class DefaultBeanState implements BeanState {
  }

  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return intercept.isReadOnly();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    intercept.setReadOnly(readOnly);
+  public boolean isUnmodifiable() {
+    return intercept instanceof InterceptReadOnly;
  }

  @Override
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext.WithOption;
 import io.ebean.cache.ServerCacheManager;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.config.*;
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DatabasePlatform;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanPersistController;
@@ -163,8 +162,10 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    this.scriptRunner = new DScriptRunner(this);

    configureServerPlugins();
-    // Register with the JVM Shutdown hook
-    ShutdownManager.registerDatabase(this);
+    if (this.config.shutdownHook() && "true".equalsIgnoreCase(System.getProperty("ebean.registerShutdownHook", "true"))) {
+      // register with the JVM Shutdown hook
+      ShutdownManager.registerDatabase(this);
+    }
  }

  /**
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
  }

  @Override
+  @Nullable
  public DataSource readOnlyDataSource() {
    return transactionManager.readOnlyDataSource();
  }
@@ -610,7 +612,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    }
    InheritInfo inheritInfo = desc.inheritInfo();
    if (inheritInfo == null || inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
-      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, null, false, id);
+      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, id);
    }
    return referenceFindOne(type, id, desc);
  }
@@ -994,7 +996,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
      return null;
    }
    // Hit the L2 bean cache
-    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isReadOnly(), pc);
+    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isUnmodifiable(), pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -1205,11 +1207,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    SpiOrmQueryRequest<?> request = createQueryRequest(Type.ID_LIST, query);
    Object result = request.getFromQueryCache();
    if (result != null) {
-      if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-        return new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<A>) result);
-      } else {
-        return (List<A>) result;
-      }
+      return (List<A>) result;
    }
    try {
      request.initTransIfRequired();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public final class DtoQueryRequest<T> extends AbstractSqlQueryRequest {
  @Override
  protected void setResultSet(ResultSet resultSet, Object queryPlanKey) throws SQLException {
    this.resultSet = resultSet;
-    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
+    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(false, server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
    obtainPlan(queryPlanKey);
  }

@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
  }

  DtoQueryEngine createDtoQueryEngine() {
-    return new DtoQueryEngine(binder, config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList());
+    return new DtoQueryEngine(binder, config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList(), databasePlatform.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate());
  }

  RelationalQueryEngine createRelationalQueryEngine() {
    return new DefaultRelationalQueryEngine(binder, config.getDatabaseBooleanTrue(), config.getPlatformConfig().getDbUuid().useBinaryOptimized(),
-      config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList());
+      config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach(), config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList(), databasePlatform.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate());
  }

  OrmQueryEngine createOrmQueryEngine() {
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ public interface OrmQueryEngine {
  <T> T findId(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
-   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate BeanCollection.
+   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate Collection.
   */
-  <T> BeanCollection<T> findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);
+  <T> Object findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
   * Execute the findSingleAttributeCollection query.
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;

 import io.ebean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
 import io.ebean.cache.QueryCacheEntry;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanList;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanMap;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanFindController;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanQueryAdapter;
 import io.ebean.text.json.JsonReadOptions;
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return cacheBeans;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableList(cacheBeans) : cacheBeans;
  }

  @Override
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    for (T bean : cacheBeans) {
      map.put((K) property.pathGet(bean), bean);
    }
-    return map;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableMap(map) : map;
  }

  private ElPropertyValue mapProperty() {
@@ -583,7 +583,8 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    var set = new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableSet(set) : set;
  }

  @Override
@@ -600,9 +601,12 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    //
    CacheIdLookup<T> idLookup = query.cacheIdLookup();
    if (idLookup != null) {
-      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, idLookup.idValues());
+      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), idLookup.idValues());
      // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
      this.cacheBeans = idLookup.removeHits(cacheResult);
+      if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+        unmodifiableFreeze(cacheBeans);
+      }
      return idLookup.allHits();
    }
    if (!beanDescriptor.isNaturalKeyCaching()) {
@@ -613,7 +617,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      NaturalKeySet naturalKeySet = data.buildKeys();
      if (naturalKeySet != null) {
        // use the natural keys to lookup Ids to then hit the bean cache
-        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, naturalKeySet.keys());
+        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), naturalKeySet.keys());
        // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
        this.cacheBeans = data.removeHits(cacheResult);
        return data.allHits();
@@ -639,31 +643,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      return null;
    }

-    Object cached = beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
-    if (cached != null && isAuditReads() && readAuditQueryType()) {
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        // raw sql can't use L2 cache so normal queries only in here
-        Collection<T> actualDetails = ((BeanCollection<T>) cached).actualDetails();
-        List<Object> ids = new ArrayList<>(actualDetails.size());
-        for (T bean : actualDetails) {
-          ids.add(beanDescriptor.idForJson(bean));
-        }
-        beanDescriptor.readAuditMany(queryPlanKey.partialKey(), "l2-query-cache", ids);
-      }
-    }
-    if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(query.isReadOnly())) {
-      // return shallow copies if readonly is explicitly set to false
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        cached = ((BeanCollection<?>) cached).shallowCopy();
-      } else if (cached instanceof List) {
-        cached = new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Set) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashSet<>((Set<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Map) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashMap<>((Map<?, ?>) cached);
-      }
-    }
-    return cached;
+    return beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -780,4 +760,36 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      beanDescriptor.contextClear(transaction.persistenceContext());
    }
  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(Collection<T> beans) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beans != null) {
+        for (T bean : beans) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(BeanCollection<T> beanCollection) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beanCollection != null) {
+        for (T bean : beanCollection.actualDetails()) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(EntityBean bean) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable() && bean != null) {
+      beanDescriptor.freeze(bean);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setAutoCommitOnFindIterate() {
+    if (createdTransaction) {
+      transaction.setAutoCommitOnFindIterate();
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
   * The unique id used for logging summary.
   */
  private Object idValue;
-  /**
-   * Hash value used to handle cascade delete both ways in a relationship.
-   */
-  private Integer beanHash;
  private boolean statelessUpdate;
  private boolean notifyCache;
  /**
@@ -285,7 +281,9 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
  private void onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties() {
    for (BeanProperty prop : beanDescriptor.propertiesGenUpdate()) {
      Object oldVal = intercept.origValue(prop.propertyIndex());
-      prop.setValue(entityBean, oldVal);
+      if (oldVal != null) {
+        prop.setValue(entityBean, oldVal);
+      }
    }
  }

@@ -553,34 +551,17 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
    }
  }

-  /**
-   * The hash used to register the bean with the transaction.
-   * <p>
-   * Takes into account the class type and id value.
-   */
-  private Integer beanHash() {
-    if (beanHash == null) {
-      Object id = beanDescriptor.getId(entityBean);
-      int hc = 92821 * bean.getClass().getName().hashCode();
-      if (id != null) {
-        hc += id.hashCode();
-      }
-      beanHash = hc;
-    }
-    return beanHash;
-  }
-
  public void registerDeleteBean() {
-    Integer hash = beanHash();
-    transaction.registerDeleteBean(hash);
+    final Object id = beanDescriptor.id(entityBean);
+    transaction.registerDeleteBean(beanDescriptor.type(), id);
  }

  public boolean isRegisteredForDeleteBean() {
    if (transaction == null) {
      return false;
    } else {
-      Integer hash = beanHash();
-      return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(hash);
+      final Object id = beanDescriptor.id(entityBean);
+      return transaction.isRegisteredDeleteBean(beanDescriptor.type(), id);
    }
  }

@@ -809,7 +790,9 @@ public final class PersistRequestBean<T> extends PersistRequest implements BeanP
  public void checkRowCount(int rowCount) {
    if (rowCount != 1 && rowCount != Statement.SUCCESS_NO_INFO) {
      if (ConcurrencyMode.VERSION == concurrencyMode) {
-        onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties();
+        if (type == Type.UPDATE) {
+          onFailedUpdateUndoGeneratedProperties();
+        }
        throw new OptimisticLockException("Data has changed. updated row count " + rowCount, null, bean);
      } else if (rowCount == 0 && type == Type.UPDATE) {
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("No rows updated");
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 abstract class AssocOneHelp {

  final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property;
-  private final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
+  protected final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
  private final String path;

  AssocOneHelp(BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property) {
@@ -66,9 +66,8 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    if (existing != null) {
      return existing;
    }
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.register(path, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    Object val = read(ctx);
    if (bean != null) {
      property.setValue(bean, val);
-      ctx.propagateState(val);
    }
    return val;
  }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(reader.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(reader, embeddedBean);
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
    if (bean != null) {
      // set back to the parent bean
      property.setValue(bean, dbVal);
-      ctx.propagateState(dbVal);
      return dbVal;
    } else {
      return null;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(ctx.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(ctx, embeddedBean);
@@ -70,12 +69,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
        notNull = true;
      }
    }
-    if (notNull) {
-      ctx.propagateState(embeddedBean);
-      return embeddedBean;
-    } else {
-      return null;
-    }
+    return notNull ? embeddedBean : null;
  }

  @Override
@@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ final class AssocOneHelpRefInherit extends AssocOneHelp {
      return existing;
    }
    // for inheritance hierarchy create the correct type for this row...
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.registerBeanInherit(property, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -688,6 +688,22 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    }
  }

+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    if (entityBean._ebean_getIntercept().freeze()) {
+      // recursively freeze the graph for this entityBean
+      for (BeanProperty beanProperty : propertiesMutable) {
+        beanProperty.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> one : propertiesOne) {
+        one.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many : propertiesMany) {
+        many.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  public void metricPersistBatch(PersistRequest.Type type, long startNanos, int size) {
    iudMetrics.addBatch(type, startNanos, size);
  }
@@ -1190,8 +1206,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Try to load the beanCollection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
-    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey, readOnly);
+  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
+    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -1240,8 +1256,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean as the correct bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1279,8 +1295,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache (or null).
   */
-  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), readOnly, context);
+  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), unmodifiable, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1309,15 +1325,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return cacheHelp.beanCacheLoad(bean, ebi, cacheKey(id), context);
  }

-  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
-    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, ids);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
+    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, unmodifiable, ids);
  }

  /**
   * Use natural key lookup to hit the bean cache.
   */
-  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
-    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, keys);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
+    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, unmodifiable, keys);
  }

  public void cacheNaturalKeyPut(String key, String newKey) {
@@ -1765,10 +1781,10 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Create a reference with a check for the bean in the persistence context.
   */
-  public EntityBean createReference(Boolean readOnly, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+  public EntityBean createReference(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
    Object refBean = contextGet(pc, id);
    if (refBean == null) {
-      refBean = createReference(readOnly, false, id, pc);
+      refBean = createReference(false, false, id, pc);
    }
    return (EntityBean) refBean;
  }
@@ -1777,8 +1793,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Create a reference bean based on the id.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public T createReference(Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !disableLazyLoad && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  public T createReference(boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      CachedBeanData d = cacheHelp.beanCacheGetData(cacheKey(id));
      if (d != null) {
        Object shareableBean = d.getSharableBean();
@@ -1794,18 +1810,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
      if (inheritInfo != null && !inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
        return findReferenceBean(id, pc);
      }
-      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean();
+      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      id = convertSetId(id, eb);
      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = eb._ebean_getIntercept();
      if (disableLazyLoad) {
        ebi.setDisableLazyLoad(true);
-      } else {
+      } else if (!unmodifiable) {
        ebi.setBeanLoader(refBeanLoader());
      }
      ebi.setReference(idPropertyIndex);
-      if (Boolean.TRUE == readOnly) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
-      }
      if (pc != null) {
        contextPut(pc, id, eb);
        ebi.setPersistenceContext(pc);
@@ -2030,11 +2043,12 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return pc.putIfAbsent(rootBeanType, id, localBean);
  }

-  /**
-   * Create a reference bean and put it in the persistence context (and return it).
-   */
-  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id) {
-    return createReference(readOnly, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
+    return createReference(false, false, id, pc);
+  }
+
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id, boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad) {
+    return createReference(unmodifiable, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -2149,7 +2163,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Set the Id value to the bean (without type conversion).
   */
  public void setId(Object idValue, EntityBean bean) {
-    idProperty.setValueIntercept(bean, idValue);
+    idProperty.setValue(bean, idValue);
  }

  @Override
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Try to load the bean collection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
+  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
    if (many.isElementCollection()) {
      // held as part of the bean cache so skip
      return false;
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    bc.checkEmptyLazyLoad();
    int i = 0;
    for (Object id : idList) {
-      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(readOnly, id, persistenceContext);
+      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(persistenceContext, id);
      if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
        ref._ebean_getIntercept().setSortOrder(++i);
      }
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Hit the bean cache with the given ids returning the hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
    Set<Object> keys = new HashSet<>(ids.size());
    for (Object id : ids) {
      keys.add(desc.cacheKey(id));
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    BeanCacheResult<T> result = new BeanCacheResult<>();
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      result.add(bean, desc.id(bean));
    }
    return result;
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Use natural keys to hit the bean cache and return resulting hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
    if (context == null) {
      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
    }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      Object id = entry.getKey();
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(id, false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(id, unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      Object naturalKey = reverseMap.get(id);
      result.add(bean, naturalKey);
    }
@@ -561,9 +561,9 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    return (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
  }

-  T beanCacheGet(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, readOnly, context);
-    if (bean != null) {
+  T beanCacheGet(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, unmodifiable, context);
+    if (bean != null && !unmodifiable) {
      setupContext(bean, context);
    }
    return bean;
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache.
   */
-  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
    CachedBeanData data = (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
    if (data == null) {
      if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -583,12 +583,12 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
      beanLog.log(TRACE, "   GET {0}({1}) - hit", cacheName, key);
    }
-    return convertToBean(key, readOnly, context, data);
+    return convertToBean(key, unmodifiable, context, data);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private T convertToBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  private T convertToBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      Object bean = data.getSharableBean();
      if (bean != null) {
        if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -600,18 +600,18 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
        return (T) bean;
      }
    }
-    return (T) loadBean(id, readOnly, data, context);
+    return (T) loadBean(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
   * Load the entity bean taking into account inheritance.
   */
-  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    String discValue = data.getDiscValue();
    if (discValue == null) {
-      return loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    } else {
-      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    }
  }

@@ -625,26 +625,22 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean from cache data given this is the root bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    id = desc.convertId(id);
-    EntityBean bean = null;
-    if (context == null) {
-      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
-    } else {
-      bean = (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);
-    }
+    EntityBean bean = context == null ? null : (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);;
    if (bean == null) {
-      bean = desc.createEntityBean();
+      bean = desc.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      desc.setId(id, bean);
-      desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
-
-      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
-      // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
-      ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
-      if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
+      if (!unmodifiable) {
+        if (context == null) {
+          context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
+        }
+        desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
+        EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
+        ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
+        // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
+        ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
      }
-      ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
    }

    CachedBeanDataToBean.load(desc, bean, data, context);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ final class BeanEmbeddedMetaFactory {
  }

  private static int dbLength(Column override, BeanProperty source) {
-    return (override != null && (override.length() != 255)) ? override.length() : source.dbLength();
+    return (override != null && (override.length() != 0)) ? override.length() : source.dbLength();
  }

  private static int dbScale(Column override, BeanProperty source) {
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;

 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
 import io.ebean.DataIntegrityException;
+import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
@@ -1519,4 +1520,15 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue, Property, STreeProperty {
      desc.registerColumn(dbColumn, path);
    }
  }
+
+  /**
+   * Freeze mutable types (like DbArray).
+   */
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof ModifyAwareType) {
+      ModifyAwareType bc = (ModifyAwareType) value;
+      setValue(entityBean, bc.freeze());
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -436,14 +436,15 @@ public abstract class BeanPropertyAssoc<T> extends BeanProperty implements STree
    }
    TableJoinColumn[] cols = join.columns();
    if (!idProp.isEmbedded()) {
-      // simple single scalar id
-      if (cols.length != 1) {
-        CoreLog.log.log(ERROR, "No Imported Id column for {0} in table {1}", idProp, join.getTable());
-        return null;
-      } else {
-        BeanProperty[] idProps = {idProp};
-        return createImportedScalar(owner, cols[0], idProps, others);
+      // simple single scalar id, match on the foreign column, allow extra TableJoinColumn for #3664
+      String matchColumn = idProp.dbColumn();
+      for (TableJoinColumn col : cols) {
+        if (matchColumn.equals(col.getForeignDbColumn())) {
+          return createImportedScalar(owner, col, new BeanProperty[]{idProp}, others);
+        }
      }
+      CoreLog.log.log(ERROR, "No Imported Id column for {0} in table {1}", idProp, join.getTable());
+      return null;
    } else {
      // embedded id
      BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> embProp = (BeanPropertyAssocOne<?>) idProp;
@@ -1165,4 +1165,22 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> implements ST
      return false;
    }
  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof BeanCollection) {
+      BeanCollection<?> beanCollection = (BeanCollection<?>) value;
+      Collection<?> entities = beanCollection.actualDetails();
+      if (entities != null) {
+        for (Object actualEntry : entities) {
+          targetDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) actualEntry);
+        }
+      }
+      setValue(entityBean, beanCollection.freeze());
+    } else if (value == null) {
+      // make it an error to access the collection (no lazy loading allowed)
+      entityBean._ebean_getIntercept().setPropertyUnloaded(propertyIndex);
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -128,16 +128,6 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> implements STr
          throw new PersistenceException("Cannot find imported id for " + fullName() + " from " + targetDescriptor
          + ". If using native-image, possibly missing reflect-config for the Id property.");
        }
-        if (importedId.isScalar()) {
-          // limit JoinColumn mapping to the @Id / primary key
-          TableJoinColumn[] columns = tableJoin.columns();
-          String foreignJoinColumn = columns[0].getForeignDbColumn();
-          String foreignIdColumn = targetDescriptor.idProperty().dbColumn();
-          if (!foreignJoinColumn.equalsIgnoreCase(foreignIdColumn)) {
-            throw new PersistenceException("Mapping limitation - @JoinColumn on " + fullName() + " needs to map to a primary key as per Issue #529 "
-              + " - joining to " + foreignJoinColumn + " and not " + foreignIdColumn);
-          }
-        }
      } else {
        exportedProperties = createExported();
        String delStmt = "delete from " + targetDescriptor.baseTable() + " where ";
@@ -666,6 +656,14 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> implements STr
    setValue(entityBean, targetDescriptor.createRef(tenantId, null));
  }

+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof EntityBean) {
+      targetDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) value);
+    }
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void setValue(EntityBean bean, Object value) {
    super.setValue(bean, value);
@@ -14,16 +14,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 */
 public interface DbReadContext {

-  /**
-   * Return the state of the object graph.
-   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Propagate the state to the bean.
-   */
-  void propagateState(Object e);
-
  /**
   * Return the DataReader.
   */
@@ -102,4 +92,14 @@ public interface DbReadContext {
   */
  void handleLoadError(String fullName, Exception e);

+  /**
+   * Return true if this many property should be included in unmodifiable
+   * query via a secondary query.
+   */
+  boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if we are loading unmodifiable beans.
+   */
+  boolean unmodifiable();
 }
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ public final class InheritInfo {
  /**
   * Create an EntityBean for this type.
   */
-  public EntityBean createEntityBean() {
-    return descriptor.createEntityBean();
+  public EntityBean createEntityBean(boolean unmodifiable) {
+    return descriptor.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
  }

  /**
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.util.SplitName;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiExpressionBind;
-import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiExpressionRequest;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@ public final class IdBinderEmbedded implements IdBinder {

  @Override
  public Object read(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
-    final EntityBean embId = idDesc.createEntityBean();
+    final EntityBean embId = idDesc.createEntityBean2(ctx.unmodifiable());
    boolean nullValue = true;
    for (BeanProperty prop : props) {
      final Object value = prop.read(ctx);
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ public final class IdBinderSimple implements IdBinder {
      idValue = scalarType.toBeanType(idValue);
    }
    if (bean != null) {
-      idProperty.setValueIntercept(bean, idValue);
+      // not using interception to support unmodifiable entities
+      idProperty.setValue(bean, idValue);
    }
    return idValue;
  }
@@ -263,6 +264,6 @@ public final class IdBinderSimple implements IdBinder {

  @Override
  public String idNullOr(String prefix, String filterManyExpression) {
-    return "(${" + prefix + "}" + idProperty.name() + " is null or (" + filterManyExpression + "))";
+    return "(${" + prefix + "}" + idProperty.dbColumn() + " is null or (" + filterManyExpression + "))";
  }
 }
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public abstract class AnnotationParser extends AnnotationBase {
    prop.setUnique(columnAnn.unique());
    if (columnAnn.precision() > 0) {
      prop.setDbLength(columnAnn.precision());
-    } else if (columnAnn.length() != 255) {
+    } else if (columnAnn.length() != 0) {
      // set default 255 on DbTypeMap
      prop.setDbLength(columnAnn.length());
    }
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
   */
  @Override
  public <T> Junction<T> conjunction(Query<T> query) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.AND, query, query.where());
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.AND, query, this, query.where());
  }

  /**
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
   */
  @Override
  public <T> Junction<T> disjunction(Query<T> query) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.OR, query, query.where());
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.OR, query, this, query.where());
  }

  /**
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
   */
  @Override
  public <T> Junction<T> conjunction(Query<T> query, ExpressionList<T> parent) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.AND, query, parent);
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.AND, query, this, parent);
  }

  /**
@@ -750,14 +750,14 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
   */
  @Override
  public <T> Junction<T> disjunction(Query<T> query, ExpressionList<T> parent) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.OR, query, parent);
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(Junction.Type.OR, query, this, parent);
  }

  /**
   * Return a list of expressions that are wrapped by NOT.
   */
  public <T> Junction<T> junction(Junction.Type type, Query<T> query) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(type, query, query.where());
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(type, query, this, query.where());
  }

  /**
@@ -765,6 +765,6 @@ public class DefaultExpressionFactory implements SpiExpressionFactory {
   */
  @Override
  public <T> Junction<T> junction(Junction.Type type, Query<T> query, ExpressionList<T> parent) {
-    return new JunctionExpression<>(type, query, parent);
+    return new JunctionExpression<>(type, query, this, parent);
  }
 }
@@ -40,12 +40,8 @@ public class DefaultExpressionList<T> implements SpiExpressionList<T> {
  /**
   * Construct for Text root expression list - this handles implicit Bool Should, Must etc.
   */
-  public DefaultExpressionList(Query<T> query) {
-    this(query, query.getExpressionFactory(), null, new ArrayList<>(), true);
-  }
-
-  public DefaultExpressionList(Query<T> query, ExpressionList<T> parentExprList) {
-    this(query, query.getExpressionFactory(), parentExprList, new ArrayList<>());
+  public DefaultExpressionList(Query<T> query, boolean textRoot) {
+    this(query, query.getExpressionFactory(), null, new ArrayList<>(), textRoot);
  }

  DefaultExpressionList(Query<T> query, ExpressionFactory expr, ExpressionList<T> parentExprList, List<SpiExpression> list) {
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ final class JunctionExpression<T> implements SpiJunction<T>, SpiExpression, Expr
  DefaultExpressionList<T> exprList;
  Junction.Type type;

-  JunctionExpression(Junction.Type type, Query<T> query, ExpressionList<T> parent) {
+  JunctionExpression(Junction.Type type, Query<T> query, ExpressionFactory expr, ExpressionList<T> parent) {
    this.type = type;
-    this.exprList = new DefaultExpressionList<>(query, parent);
+    this.exprList = new DefaultExpressionList<>(query, expr, parent, new ArrayList<>());
  }

  /**
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ import io.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.querydefn.OrmQueryProperties;

 import java.sql.Timestamp;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Default implementation of LoadContext.
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
  private final DLoadBeanContext rootBeanContext;
  private final boolean asDraft;
  private final Timestamp asOf;
-  private final Boolean readOnly;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;
  private final CacheMode useBeanCache;
  private final int defaultBatchSize;
  private final boolean disableLazyLoading;
@@ -48,6 +46,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
  boolean useReferences;
  private List<OrmQueryProperties> secQuery;
  private Object tenantId;
+  private final Set<BeanProperty> secondaryProperties;

  /**
   * Construct for use with JSON marshalling (doc store).
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.useBeanCache = CacheMode.OFF;
    this.asDraft = false;
    this.asOf = null;
-    this.readOnly = false;
+    this.unmodifiable = false;
    this.disableLazyLoading = false;
    this.disableReadAudit = false;
    this.includeSoftDeletes = false;
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.profileLocation = null;
    this.profilingListener = null;
    this.rootBeanContext = new DLoadBeanContext(this, rootDescriptor, null, null);
+    this.secondaryProperties = null;
  }

  private ObjectGraphOrigin initOrigin() {
@@ -90,13 +90,14 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.asOf = query.getAsOf();
    this.asDraft = query.isAsDraft();
    this.includeSoftDeletes = query.isIncludeSoftDeletes() && query.mode() == SpiQuery.Mode.NORMAL;
-    this.readOnly = query.isReadOnly();
+    this.unmodifiable = query.isUnmodifiable();
    this.disableReadAudit = query.isDisableReadAudit();
    this.disableLazyLoading = query.isDisableLazyLoading();
    this.useBeanCache = query.beanCacheMode();
    this.profilingListener = query.profilingListener();
    this.planLabel = query.planLabel();
    this.profileLocation = query.profileLocation();
+    this.secondaryProperties = query.isUnmodifiable() ? new HashSet<>() : null;

    ObjectGraphNode parentNode = query.parentNode();
    if (parentNode != null) {
@@ -156,6 +157,14 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    ElPropertyValue elGetValue = rootDescriptor.elGetValue(props.getPath());
    boolean many = elGetValue.beanProperty().containsMany();
    registerSecondaryNode(many, props);
+    if (many && secondaryProperties != null) {
+      secondaryProperties.add(elGetValue.beanProperty());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many) {
+    return secondaryProperties != null && secondaryProperties.contains(many);
  }

  boolean isBeanCacheGet() {
@@ -230,14 +239,6 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    return ebeanServer;
  }

-  /**
-   * Return the parent state which defines the sharedInstance and readOnly status
-   * which needs to be propagated to other beans and collections.
-   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public PersistenceContext persistenceContext() {
    return persistenceContext;
@@ -320,9 +321,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    if (useDocStore && docStoreMapped) {
      query.setUseDocStore(true);
    }
-    if (readOnly != null) {
-      query.setReadOnly(readOnly);
-    }
+    query.setUnmodifiable(unmodifiable);
    query.setDisableLazyLoading(disableLazyLoading);
    query.asOf(asOf);
    if (asDraft) {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ final class DLoadManyContext extends DLoadBaseContext implements LoadManyContext
          BeanDescriptor<?> parentDesc = context.desc.descriptor(ownerBean.getClass());
          Object parentId = parentDesc.getId(ownerBean);
          final String parentKey = parentDesc.cacheKey(parentId);
-          if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(context.property, bc, parentKey, context.parent.isReadOnly())) {
+          if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(context.property, bc, parentKey)) {
            // we loaded the bean collection from cache so remove it from the buffer
            if (removeFromBuffer(bc)) {
              bc.setLoader(context.parent.server());
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public final class Binder {
    return new DataBind(dataTimeZone, stmt, connection);
  }

-  public DataReader createDataReader(ResultSet resultSet) {
-    return new RsetDataReader(dataTimeZone, resultSet);
+  public DataReader createDataReader(boolean unmodifiable, ResultSet resultSet) {
+    return new RsetDataReader(unmodifiable, dataTimeZone, resultSet);
  }
 }
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
  private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

  private final boolean loadContextBean;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;

  /**
   * The resultSet rows read.
@@ -152,8 +153,6 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi

  private final ProfilingListener profilingListener;

-  private final Boolean readOnly;
-
  private long profileOffset;
  private long startNano;

@@ -186,7 +185,6 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    this.queryMode = query.mode();
    this.loadContextBean = queryMode.isLoadContextBean() || query.getForUpdateLockType() != null;
    this.lazyLoadManyProperty = query.lazyLoadMany();
-    this.readOnly = query.isReadOnly();
    this.disableLazyLoading = query.isDisableLazyLoading();
    this.objectGraphNode = query.parentNode();
    this.profilingListener = query.profilingListener();
@@ -207,6 +205,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    } else {
      this.help = createHelp(request);
    }
+    this.unmodifiable = request.query().isUnmodifiable();
    this.collection = (help != null ? help.createEmptyNoParent() : null);
  }

@@ -239,17 +238,8 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
  }

  @Override
-  public Boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void propagateState(Object e) {
-    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-      if (e instanceof EntityBean) {
-        ((EntityBean) e)._ebean_getIntercept().setReadOnly(true);
-      }
-    }
+  public boolean unmodifiable() {
+    return unmodifiable;
  }

  @Override
@@ -299,7 +289,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    if (resultSet == null) {
      return false;
    }
-    dataReader = queryPlan.createDataReader(resultSet);
+    dataReader = queryPlan.createDataReader(query.isUnmodifiable(), resultSet);
    return true;
  }

@@ -474,6 +464,14 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    return result;
  }

+  EntityBean nextBean() {
+    EntityBean bean = next();
+    if (unmodifiable) {
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(bean);
+    }
+    return bean;
+  }
+
  EntityBean next() {
    if (audit) {
      auditNextBean();
@@ -603,6 +601,11 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    request.loadContext().register(path(many.name()), many, bc);
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many) {
+    return request.loadContext().includeSecondary(many);
+  }
+
  /**
   * Return true if this is a raw sql query as opposed to Ebean generated sql.
   */
@@ -37,12 +37,14 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
  private final CQueryBuilder queryBuilder;
  private final CQueryHistorySupport historySupport;
  private final DatabasePlatform dbPlatform;
+  private final boolean autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate;

  public CQueryEngine(DatabaseBuilder.Settings config, DatabasePlatform dbPlatform, Binder binder, Map<String, String> asOfTableMapping, Map<String, String> draftTableMap) {
    this.dbPlatform = dbPlatform;
    this.defaultFetchSizeFindEach = config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindEach();
    this.defaultFetchSizeFindList = config.getJdbcFetchSizeFindList();
    this.forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate = dbPlatform.forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate();
+    this.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate = dbPlatform.autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate();
    this.historySupport = new CQueryHistorySupport(dbPlatform.historySupport(), asOfTableMapping, config.getAsOfSysPeriod());
    this.queryBuilder = new CQueryBuilder(config, dbPlatform, binder, historySupport, new CQueryDraftSupport(draftTableMap));
  }
@@ -107,15 +109,9 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
        if (collection instanceof List) {
          collection = (A) Collections.unmodifiableList((List<?>) collection);
          request.putToQueryCache(collection);
-          if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-            collection = (A) new ArrayList<>(collection);
-          }
        } else if (collection instanceof Set) {
          collection = (A) Collections.unmodifiableSet((Set<?>) collection);
          request.putToQueryCache(collection);
-          if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-            collection = (A) new LinkedHashSet<>(collection);
-          }
        }
      }
      return collection;
@@ -187,6 +183,9 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
      if (defaultFetchSizeFindEach > 0) {
        request.setDefaultFetchBuffer(defaultFetchSizeFindEach);
      }
+      if (autoCommitFalseOnFindIterate) {
+        request.setAutoCommitOnFindIterate();
+      }
      if (!cquery.prepareBindExecuteQueryForwardOnly(forwardOnlyHintOnFindIterate)) {
        // query has been cancelled already
        return null;
@@ -358,6 +357,7 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
      if (request.isQueryCachePut()) {
        request.addDependentTables(cquery.dependentTables());
      }
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(beanCollection);
      return beanCollection;

    } catch (SQLException e) {
@@ -390,6 +390,7 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
        cquery.auditFind(bean);
      }
      request.executeSecondaryQueries(false);
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(bean);
      return (T) bean;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw cquery.createPersistenceException(e);
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Rob Bygrave	b361b10571	Version 16.0.1	2025-09-02 14:09:03 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	c0e4e548ee	Update the kotlin-maven-plugin for tests and use EA maven profile (#3671 ) * Update the kotlin-maven-plugin for tests * Add a profile for EA that excludes kotlin-querybean-generator * For build workflow use maven profile "default" To ensure the kotlin-querybean-generator, test modules run * For build workflow use maven profile "default" To ensure the kotlin-querybean-generator, test modules run	2025-09-02 14:04:59 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	92f3245919	Bump ebean-agent to 16.0.1	2025-09-02 13:37:45 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	59c2290916	Bump ebean-migration dependency, fix for setting dbSchema on migrations (#3670 ) Ref: https://github.com/ebean-orm/ebean-migration/pull/163	2025-09-02 12:52:41 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	1135eb3f99	#3665 Fix for delete() Skips Bean due to Hash Collision (#3669 ) Change the underlying storage of deleting beans to be by type by id so: private Map<Class<?>, Set<Object>> deletingBeans;	2025-08-31 22:32:27 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	1dccdff7bf	#3664 Fix / support for extra JoinColumns on ManyToOne (#3668 ) * #3664 Fix / support for extra JoinColumns on ManyToOne Allows for extra JoinColumns on ManyToOne. The extra JoinColumn(s) are expected to be useful for the case of table partitioning where the extra join column is used to partition the table. In the test case, the partition column would be the org_id column and common to both tables (same partition key). * #3664 Fix / support for extra JoinColumns on ManyToOne Allows for extra JoinColumns on ManyToOne. The extra JoinColumn(s) are expected to be useful for the case of table partitioning where the extra join column is used to partition the table. In the test case, the partition column would be the org_id column and common to both tables (same partition key). * #3664 Extend test * #3664 Tidy up test	2025-08-31 12:52:17 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	5f74a53e3e	#3666 Fix for NPE with filterMany() containing or() (#3667 ) For FilterMany with QueryBeans, it creates a queryBean to build the filterMany predicates with. This query bean needed 2 changes for this fix: 1. Needs to set it's internal "root" such that it supports chaining (required for or() etc) 2. The ExpressionFactory needs to be explicitly passed to the expression list (rather than get it from the query which is actually null in this case).	2025-08-31 10:08:07 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	1f9e652ea9	Version 16.0.0	2025-08-25 08:21:49 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	4e592c97ff	Update how to deploy	2025-08-05 23:30:18 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	760d19a10d	Update how to deploy	2025-08-05 23:16:42 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	d2693c3ff2	Version 16.0.0-RC4	2025-08-05 23:15:20 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	3324b2bda4	Use autocommit false with findIterate for Postgres (#3662 ) * Use autocommit false with findIterate for Postgres * Use autocommit false with findIterate for Postgres * Use autocommit false with FindDto queries for Postgres * Use autocommit false with SqlQuery findIterate queries for Postgres * Ensure that TransactionFactory.createReadOnlyTransaction() returns an ImplicitReadOnlyTransaction This change changes TransactionFactoryTenant.createReadOnlyTransaction() to return a ImplicitReadOnlyTransaction, as that is now used to support Postgres use of cursors with findIterate style queries.	2025-08-05 23:03:28 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	1b5e066562	#3654 Fix querybean-generator compiler warning for unclaimed annotations (#3655 ) warning: No processor claimed any of these annotations: /io.ebean.typequery.TypeQueryBean,/io.ebean.typequery.Generated This fix is required when the compiler is run with -Werror specified An alternative workaround is to use compiler arg -Xlint:-processing rather than -Xlint:all	2025-07-16 20:34:56 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	104e4ec756	Bump ebean-test-containers to 7.14 - Yugabyte read committed support enabled by default (#3651 )	2025-07-14 09:03:39 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	74a2967a6e	Tests Yugabyte - comment out the TestQueryForUpdate using repeatable read ... as its noise there is anyone else reads the logs	2025-07-12 09:38:06 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	e693b12a97	Tests DB2 - ignore TestRawExpressionInterpolation for DB2	2025-07-12 09:30:16 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	48fb9b34bb	Tests Yugabyte - faster test using forUpdate	2025-07-12 09:18:01 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	f64400400a	Tests Oracle - ignore the TestRawExpressionInterpolation for Oracle	2025-07-12 09:09:34 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	d7cc081942	Tests Yugabyte - see if everything else passes	2025-07-12 09:04:02 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	3351548b60	Fix use of JSpecify Nullable annotation in query bean generation	2025-07-11 23:45:31 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	8d9858f57a	Test only - Update logging for test TestQueryForUpdate	2025-07-11 23:35:03 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	9b520bc176	Bump avaje-config to 4.1	2025-07-11 23:22:16 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	44fd8e3a56	Adjust TestQueryForUpdate for Yugabyte - use markAsDirty on repeatable read test	2025-07-11 23:11:45 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	6910016c4d	Adjust TestQueryForUpdate for Yugabyte - use markAsDirty To see if the update has an impact on the 2nd thread waiting	2025-07-11 22:58:02 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	5f8a3c0591	Adjust TestQueryForUpdate for Yugabyte - check repeatable read isolation level	2025-07-11 22:05:31 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	0ae6956c1c	Bump ebean-datasource 10.1 with support for initialConnections (#3650 ) So in a K8s deployment, this adds support for having an initial number of connections to create initially (higher that min connections). This allows for a smoother deployment, by effectively having initially more connections than min in order to immediately take production load, and then over time trim back down towards the min connections. So in k8s I am setting min, initial and max connections, where initial connections is high enough to take full production load straight after readiness true.	2025-07-11 21:26:58 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	2e9c5d8548	Merge branch 'query-cache-oom-for-too-large-beans'	2025-07-11 21:19:21 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	93edc840b3	Add a test that hits the new branch of code	2025-07-11 21:18:00 +12:00
Josiah Noel GitHub Rob Bygrave	34311785fa	Fix Jackson NCDF Error (#3639 ) * fix jackson NCDF error split jackson SPI impl into it's own module * Restore format * Restore format * Trim up dependencies * Rename module to ebean-core-json --------- Co-authored-by: Rob Bygrave <robin.bygrave@gmail.com>	2025-07-11 20:53:25 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	63929f8ff3	Bump test Yugabyte version to 2.20.11.0-b34	2025-07-11 20:26:12 +12:00
Jonas Fröhler	d918c5117f	no import changes	2025-07-01 09:05:48 +02:00
Jonas Fröhler	dd845a7b0c	Fix imports	2025-07-01 09:02:26 +02:00
Jonas Fröhler	df0e4d57f0	Clean up	2025-06-27 12:17:19 +02:00
Jonas Fröhler	9c7fa25d49	Query Cache OOM test and potential draft for the fix	2025-06-27 12:14:01 +02:00
Rob Bygrave	e82c1a4140	Version 16.0.0-rc3	2025-05-26 21:00:32 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	389bf48e3e	Merge pull request #3636 from ebean-orm/feature/explicit-shutdownHook Add DatabaseBuilder.shutdownHook option (programmatic disabling registration of JVM shutdown hook)	2025-05-26 17:24:25 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	3b3b44543e	Bump ebean-test-containers, programmatically get DatabaseBuilder from test container	2025-05-26 17:23:27 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	297f334da5	Add DatabaseBuilder.shutdownHook option (programmatic disabling registration of JVM shutdown hook)	2025-05-26 17:21:15 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	78c7439445	test only - rename TestRawExpressionInterpolation	2025-05-15 08:00:52 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	2043ba6411	Merge pull request #3634 from ebean-orm/feature/native-image-otherTypes [native-image] Modify querybean-generator to include AttributeConverters in generated reflect-config.json	2025-05-14 20:49:52 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	437c58001b	[native-image] Modify querybean-generator to include AttributeConverters in generated reflect-config.json	2025-05-14 20:48:07 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	0e812efa7e	Merge branch 'master' of github.com:ebean-orm/ebean	2025-05-14 20:27:56 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	80d4d21986	Merge pull request #3632 from FOCONIS/reorg-args-placeholder Db2: Reorg args placeholder	2025-05-06 20:44:00 +12:00
Noemi Praml	fe66b8c242	fix DbMigrationTest	2025-05-06 09:49:18 +02:00
Noemi Praml	206b2b2d3b	migrations	2025-05-06 08:06:48 +02:00
Noemi Praml	c0bc3faea0	fix test	2025-05-06 08:06:40 +02:00
Noemi Praml	3d07e7d804	add: reorgARgs Placeholder	2025-05-06 08:00:58 +02:00
Rob Bygrave	fc124e8318	Tidy pom only	2025-04-30 00:02:30 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	f4fd4f4b09	Version 16.0.0-RC2	2025-04-30 00:01:52 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	16f5311885	Bump parent pom to 5.1 for new maven central deploy	2025-04-29 23:41:48 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	75a0675977	Merge pull request #3630 from ebean-orm/feature/fix-ea-build-kotlin Fix EA build, Kotlin not supporting 25-EA release	2025-04-29 23:37:10 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	80ebf4a1ee	Fix EA build, Kotlin not supporting 25-EA release It barfs trying to parse the 25-EA version, means the kotlin-querybean-generator fails the build for the Java Early Release versions. With this, it will skip the kotlin modules for the Java Early Access release builds.	2025-04-29 23:36:22 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	4185beb5aa	Merge pull request #3629 from ebean-orm/feature/bump-datasource-10 Bump ebean-datasource to 10.0 (Virtual Threads support via MR Jar)	2025-04-29 23:17:54 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	79908c0164	Bump ebean-datasource to 10.0 (Virtual Threads support via MR Jar) Note that this still supports Java 11. The 10.0 version of ebean-datasource uses Multi-Version jar such that if running using Java 21+ then it will use Virtual Threads for the background Heartbeat validation and also background closing of connections.	2025-04-29 23:09:49 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	b5a16f42ca	#3626 Add tests for bean property name instead of db column	2025-04-23 22:33:18 +12:00
Gonçalo Andrade	a320a132b3	Fix incorrect usage of bean property name instead of corresponding column	2025-04-22 14:51:38 +01:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	9e84e93511	Merge pull request #3621 from FOCONIS/new-db-versions New db versions + testcontainers 7.8	2025-04-17 23:18:05 +12:00
Noemi Praml	6fb40c71ef	update StartDb2	2025-04-16 15:22:08 +02:00
Noemi Praml	202b9ae94a	update to testcontainers 7.8	2025-04-16 14:52:21 +02:00
Noemi Praml	d79b452378	new db2 version	2025-04-16 14:19:11 +02:00
Noemi Praml	78a408dd10	new sqlserver version	2025-04-16 14:19:11 +02:00
Noemi Praml	6af974e432	new mariadb version	2025-04-16 14:19:11 +02:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	04a8475291	Merge pull request #3623 from ebean-orm/feature/readOnly-DataSource-mark-nullable Explicitly mark Database.readOnlyDataSource() as @Nullable	2025-04-15 22:25:06 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	c56345f92e	Explicitly mark Database.readOnlyDataSource() as @Nullable Using JSpecify @Nullable on the return for Database.readOnlyDataSource()	2025-04-15 22:24:14 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	ed0a46955e	Explicitly mark Database.readOnlyDataSource() as @Nullable Using JSpecify @Nullable on the return for Database.readOnlyDataSource()	2025-04-15 22:22:08 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	3c4b04a893	Version 16.0.0-rc1	2025-04-09 23:18:27 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	ee403bdb83	Merge pull request #3620 from ebean-orm/feature/bump-ebean-agent Bump the ebean-agent to 14.12.0, support for Lombok SuperBuilder	2025-04-09 23:02:46 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	b18abe2221	Bump the ebean-agent to 14.12.0, support for Lombok SuperBuilder	2025-04-09 22:52:39 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	d68f372d99	Merge pull request #3619 from ebean-orm/feature/column-length-255 For Postgres @Column(length=255) means varchar(255)	2025-04-09 20:22:56 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	c8f769aa2a	For Postgres @Column(length=255) means varchar(255) The `@Column` length defaults to 0 rather than 255, this allows us to detect when it has been explicitly set and thus for Postgres we can now have: @Column(length=255) mapping to -> varchar(255) @Column mapping to -> varchar	2025-04-09 20:07:56 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	bde626fd45	Merge pull request #3618 from ebean-orm/feature/bump-datasource-95 Bump ebean-datasource to 9.5	2025-04-09 20:04:23 +12:00
Rob Bygrave	b828b73b2c	Bump ebean-datasource to 9.5 When using DataSourceBuilder for both main and readOnly datasource, the maxConnections for the readOnly will default to the main pool maxConnections.	2025-04-09 20:02:14 +12:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	2795a8578f	Merge pull request #3616 from ebean-orm/feature/lazyLoadBatch-100 Increase default lazyLoadBatchSize from 10 to 100	2025-04-04 21:15:23 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	bd0a3c2303	Increase default lazyLoadBatchSize from 10 to 100	2025-04-04 21:14:47 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	21e50e9d00	Merge pull request #3615 from ebean-orm/feature/3612-redis-exception #3612 Catch all RedisException (rather than only IOException)	2025-04-04 20:47:44 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	88a47bf0a9	#3612 Catch all RedisException (rather than only IOException)	2025-04-04 20:45:59 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	d9a45245f4	Version 16.0.0-beta1	2025-04-03 19:35:14 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	7be72df788	Merge pull request #3570 from ebean-orm/feature/improved-readOnly-immutable Unmodifiable - Improved read only immutable entity beans / graphs	2025-04-02 22:24:19 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	6d791c7b50	Add BeanAccessException extends UnsupportedOperationException And: LazyInitialisationException extends BeanAccessException ... UnmodifiableEntityException extends BeanAccessException ...	2025-03-18 22:54:34 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	1afe42f4c6	Merge branch 'master' into feature/improved-readOnly-immutable	2025-03-18 22:43:00 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	4e7f3c13a0	Merge pull request #3592 from ebean-orm/feature/improved-readOnly-immutable-part2 Remove readOnly, migrate to unmodifiable (or use normal mutable)	2025-03-18 22:41:12 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	d7366dec0f	Tidy readOnly removal	2025-03-18 20:59:04 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	ceee1d7489	Remove readOnly from Query	2025-03-18 20:49:26 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	1b23319fa4	Remove readOnly from EntityBeanIntercept and BeanCollection	2025-03-18 20:32:22 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	6f726973ea	Remove most internal use of readOnly	2025-03-18 19:53:13 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	82284b19d5	Bean cache sharable instances as unmodifiable + bean cache queries can also be unmodifiable Entities without any relationships can support "sharable instances" with bean caching. This change restores that and uses unmodifiable instances (rather than the old ReadOnly). Currently, for a query to get shared instances it now needs to explicitly use setUnmodifiable(true) where as before it defaulted to shared instances so that is a behaviour change. Additionally, bean cache queries were not honouring setUnmodifiable(true) and with these changes they now do.	2025-03-16 23:19:54 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	798d01abd1	LazyInitialisationException, plus javadoc	2025-03-16 21:12:25 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	5136a5a708	Support unmodifiable Embedded and EmbeddedId	2025-03-13 22:52:45 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	fa25d7cc8a	Using Query Cache now implies unmodifiable - Query Cache now holds unmodifiable collections - Can no longer have readOnly=false with queryCache=true - Reference beans now also honor unmodifiable - Effectively no longer does bean cache lookup for reference beans (which it defaulted to when cacheSharableBeans true, e.g. Country entity bean)	2025-03-11 23:50:34 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	8ff5f7f72a	Recursive freeze on entity beans Noting that the freeze needs to occur after secondary queries have executed	2025-02-26 00:00:07 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	71944bb8fa	Rename flags -> loaded, add message with property name to UnmodifiableEntityException	2025-02-23 22:25:46 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	24888fc01e	Change InterceptReadWrite to use UnmodifiableEntityException Add unmodified to DefaultOrmQuery query plan description Fix incorrect merge conflict	2025-02-21 22:24:48 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	645d5bb613	Merge branch 'master' into feature/improved-readOnly-immutable	2025-02-21 22:08:38 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	4a6f1a39e0	Add UnloadedPropertyException and UnmodifiableEntityException, change existing use of IllegalStateException - Adds new exceptions UnloadedPropertyException and UnmodifiableEntityException - Change InterceptReadOnly to use these exception instead of IllegalStateException - Change collections BeanSet, BeanList, BeanMap from using IllegalStateException to UnsupportedOperationException [to bring these in line with JDK unmodifiable collections]	2025-02-21 22:05:49 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	1fef4f7c11	Add explicit query.setUnmodifiable(true) [for readOnly=true + disableLazyLoad=true] Although this is ok, makes me think that another option is just to have query.setReadOnly(true) to mean ... readOnly + disableLazyLoad + error reading unloaded property or collection. As in, readOnly true without these extra things does not that good [as in the existing readOnly does not seem very good/safe/useful to use].	2024-11-20 23:01:59 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	e6f92eaceb	ReadOnly Immutable query WIP	2024-10-24 16:02:50 +13:00