Tidy readOnly removal

Remove readOnly from Query
Remove readOnly from EntityBeanIntercept and BeanCollection
2026-09-20 03:16:42 +00:00 · 2025-03-18 20:59:04 +13:00 · 2025-03-18 20:49:26 +13:00 · 2025-03-18 20:32:22 +13:00 · 2025-03-18 19:53:13 +13:00 · 2025-03-16 23:19:54 +13:00
217 changed files with 1617 additions and 2351 deletions
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-clickhouse</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-db2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-hana</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mariadb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-mysql</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-net-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-nuodb</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-oracle</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlite</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
    <relativePath>../..</relativePath>
  </parent>

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-all</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>composites</artifactId>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean api</name>
@@ -89,12 +89,7 @@ public interface BeanState {
   * <p>
   * If a setter is called on a readOnly bean it will throw an exception.
   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status for the bean.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Advanced - Used to programmatically build a partially or fully loaded
@@ -772,6 +772,18 @@ public interface Database {
   */
  <T> T reference(Class<T> beanType, Object id);

+  /**
+   * Return the extended API for Database.
+   * <p>
+   * The extended API has the options for executing queries that take an explicit
+   * transaction as an argument.
+   * <p>
+   * Typically, we only need to use the extended API when we do NOT want to use the
+   * usual ThreadLocal based mechanism to obtain the current transaction but instead
+   * supply the transaction explicitly.
+   */
+  ExtendedServer extended();
+
  /**
   * Either Insert or Update the bean depending on its state.
   * <p>
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+
+/**
+ * The extended API for Database.
+ */
+public interface ExtendedServer {
+
+  /**
+   * Deprecated but no yet determined suitable replacement (to support testing only change of clock).
+   * <p>
+   * Set the Clock to use for <code>@WhenCreated</code> and <code>@WhenModified</code>.
+   * <p>
+   * Note that we only expect to change the Clock for testing purposes.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void setClock(Clock clock);
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when trying to access a property that isn't loaded on an entity
+ * that is unmodifiable or has disabled lazy loading.
+ * <p>
+ * On a normal mutable entity accessing the property would invoke lazy loading. On
+ * a unmodifiable entity with lazy loading disabled, accessing an unloaded property
+ * throws this LazyInitialisationException instead.
+ */
+public class LazyInitialisationException extends UnmodifiableEntityException {
+
+  /**
+   * Create specifying the property that was being accessed.
+   */
+  public LazyInitialisationException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ public interface ModifyAwareType {
   */
  void setMarkedDirty(boolean markedDirty);

+  default Object freeze() {
+    return this; // throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
 }
@@ -388,9 +388,13 @@ public interface QueryBuilder<SELF extends QueryBuilder<SELF, T>, T> extends Que
  SELF setUseDocStore(boolean useDocStore);

  /**
-   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be read only.
+   * When set to true when you want the returned beans to be unmodifiable read only.
+   * <p>
+   * This means that the returning graph can't be mutated via setters, all the collections
+   * are unmodifiable collections, lazy loading is disabled and that the query uses
+   * {@link PersistenceContextScope#QUERY}.
   */
-  SELF setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
+  SELF setUnmodifiable(boolean unmodifiable);

  /**
   * Set a timeout on this query.
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.ebean;
+
+/**
+ * Attempted to modify a read only entity.
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableEntityException extends UnsupportedOperationException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with no message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException() {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create with message.
+   */
+  public UnmodifiableEntityException(String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
@@ -119,18 +119,6 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
   */
  void setLoader(BeanCollectionLoader beanLoader);

-  /**
-   * Set to true if you want the BeanCollection to be treated as read only. This
-   * means no elements can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
-  /**
-   * Return true if the collection should be treated as readOnly and no elements
-   * can be added or removed etc.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
  /**
   * Add the bean to the collection. This is disallowed for BeanMap.
   */
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ public interface BeanCollection<E> extends Serializable, ToStringAware {
  boolean wasTouched();

  /**
-   * Return a shallow copy of this collection that is modifiable.
+   * Freeze the collection returning an unmodifiable version.
   */
-  BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy();
+  Object freeze();
 }
@@ -148,18 +148,6 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   */
  boolean isLoadedFromCache();

-  /**
-   * Return true if the bean should be treated as readOnly. If a setter method
-   * is called when it is readOnly an Exception is thrown.
-   */
-  boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Set the readOnly status. If readOnly then calls to setter methods through
-   * an exception.
-   */
-  void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly);
-
  /**
   * Set the bean to be updated when persisted (for merge).
   */
@@ -552,4 +540,9 @@ public interface EntityBeanIntercept extends Serializable {
   * Update the 'next' mutable info returning the content that was obtained via dirty detection.
   */
  String mutableNext(int propertyIndex);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if this entity bean should be frozen. Used to handle recursive freezing.
+   */
+  boolean freeze();
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package io.ebean.bean;
+
+/**
+ * Common base features for EntityBeanIntercept.
+ */
+abstract class InterceptBase implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+
+  final EntityBean owner;
+  boolean fullyLoadedBean;
+
+  /**
+   * Create with a given entity.
+   */
+  InterceptBase(Object ownerBean) {
+    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
+   */
+  InterceptBase() {
+    this.owner = null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final EntityBean owner() {
+    return owner;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
+    return fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
+    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String property(int propertyIndex) {
+    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final int findProperty(String propertyName) {
+    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
+    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
+    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    final int len = propertyLength();
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
+        sb.append(i).append(',');
+      }
+    }
+    return sb;
+  }
+}
@@ -1,37 +1,44 @@
 package io.ebean.bean;

+import io.ebean.LazyInitialisationException;
+import io.ebean.UnmodifiableEntityException;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;

-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * EntityBeanIntercept optimised for read only use.
 * <p>
 * For the read only use this intercept doesn't need to hold any state that is normally
- * required for updates such as per property changed, loaded, dirty state, original values
+ * required for updates such as per property changed, dirty state, original values
 * bean state etc.
 */
-public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadOnly extends InterceptBase {

-  private final EntityBean owner;
+  private final boolean[] loaded;
+  private boolean frozen;

  /**
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadOnly(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
+    this.loaded = new boolean[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    if (frozen) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      frozen = true;
+      return true;
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
-    return "InterceptReadOnly{" + owner + '}';
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
+    return "InterceptReadOnly{frozen:" + frozen + " loaded:" + loadedPropertyNames() + '}';
  }

  @Override
@@ -94,18 +101,13 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
+    for (boolean flag : loaded) {
+      if (!flag) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
    return false;
  }

@@ -136,7 +138,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public boolean hasIdOnly(int idIndex) {
-    return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (i == idIndex) {
+        if (!loaded[i]) return false;
+      } else if (loaded[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -159,16 +168,6 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return false;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {

@@ -234,44 +233,38 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return null;
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
-    return 0;
+    return loaded.length;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyLoaded(String propertyName, boolean loaded) {
-
+    final int position = findProperty(propertyName);
+    if (position == -1) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property not found - " + propertyName);
+    }
+    this.loaded[position] = loaded;
  }

  @Override
  public void setPropertyUnloaded(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = false;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
  public void setLoadedPropertyAll() {
-
+    Arrays.fill(loaded, true);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isLoadedProperty(int propertyIndex) {
-    return false;
+    return loaded[propertyIndex];
  }

  @Override
@@ -321,7 +314,16 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public Set<String> loadedPropertyNames() {
-    return Collections.emptySet();
+    if (fullyLoadedBean) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    final Set<String> props = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < loaded.length; i++) {
+      if (loaded[i]) {
+        props.add(property(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return props;
  }

  @Override
@@ -369,14 +371,11 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    return null;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
-    return new boolean[0];
+    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[loaded.length];
+    System.arraycopy(loaded, 0, ret, 0, ret.length);
+    return ret;
  }

  @Override
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void initialisedMany(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    loaded[propertyIndex] = true;
  }

  @Override
@@ -416,12 +415,14 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preGetter(int propertyIndex) {
-
+    if (!loaded[propertyIndex]) {
+      throw new LazyInitialisationException("Property not loaded: " + property(propertyIndex));
+    }
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetterMany(boolean interceptField, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -436,57 +437,57 @@ public class InterceptReadOnly implements EntityBeanIntercept {

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, boolean oldValue, boolean newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, int oldValue, int newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, long oldValue, long newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, double oldValue, double newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, float oldValue, float newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, short oldValue, short newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char oldValue, char newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte oldValue, byte newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, char[] oldValue, char[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
  public void preSetter(boolean intercept, int propertyIndex, byte[] oldValue, byte[] newValue) {
-
+    throw new UnmodifiableEntityException("Attempting to modify " + property(propertyIndex));
  }

  @Override
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 * This provides the mechanisms to support deferred fetching of reference beans
 * and oldValues generation for concurrency checking.
 */
-public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
+public final class InterceptReadWrite extends InterceptBase {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3664031775464862649L;

@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
  private String ebeanServerName;
  private boolean deletedFromCollection;

-  /**
-   * The actual entity bean that 'owns' this intercept.
-   */
-  private final EntityBean owner;
  private EntityBean embeddedOwner;
  private int embeddedOwnerIndex;
  /**
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   */
  private int state;
  private boolean forceUpdate;
-  private boolean readOnly;
  private boolean dirty;
  /**
   * Flag set to disable lazy loading.
@@ -77,7 +72,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Flag set when lazy loading failed due to the underlying bean being deleted in the DB.
   */
  private boolean lazyLoadFailure;
-  private boolean fullyLoadedBean;
  private boolean loadedFromCache;
  private final byte[] flags;
  private Object[] origValues;
@@ -101,7 +95,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * Create with a given entity.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite(Object ownerBean) {
-    this.owner = (EntityBean) ownerBean;
+    super(ownerBean);
    this.flags = new byte[owner._ebean_getPropertyNames().length];
  }

@@ -109,16 +103,20 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
   * EXPERIMENTAL - Constructor only for use by serialization frameworks.
   */
  public InterceptReadWrite() {
-    this.owner = null;
+    super();
    this.flags = null;
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean freeze() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("never expected");
+  }
+
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "InterceptReadWrite@" + hashCode() + "{state=" + state +
      (dirty ? " dirty;" : "") +
      (forceUpdate ? " forceUpdate;" : "") +
-      (readOnly ? " readOnly;" : "") +
      (disableLazyLoad ? " disableLazyLoad;" : "") +
      (lazyLoadFailure ? " lazyLoadFailure;" : "") +
      (fullyLoadedBean ? " fullyLoadedBean;" : "") +
@@ -131,11 +129,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
      '}';
  }

-  @Override
-  public EntityBean owner() {
-    return owner;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public PersistenceContext persistenceContext() {
    return persistenceContext;
@@ -200,16 +193,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    this.ebeanServerName = beanLoader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isFullyLoadedBean() {
-    return fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setFullyLoadedBean(boolean fullyLoadedBean) {
-    this.fullyLoadedBean = fullyLoadedBean;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean isPartial() {
    for (byte flag : flags) {
@@ -298,16 +281,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return loadedFromCache;
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public void setForceUpdate(boolean forceUpdate) {
    this.forceUpdate = forceUpdate;
@@ -411,25 +384,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    return origValues[propertyIndex];
  }

-  @Override
-  public int findProperty(String propertyName) {
-    final String[] names = owner._ebean_getPropertyNames();
-    for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
-      if (names[i].equals(propertyName)) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public String property(int propertyIndex) {
-    if (propertyIndex == -1) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return owner._ebean_getPropertyName(propertyIndex);
-  }
-
  @Override
  public int propertyLength() {
    return flags.length;
@@ -668,18 +622,6 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    }
  }

-  @Override
-  public StringBuilder loadedPropertyKey() {
-    final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-    final int len = propertyLength();
-    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      if (isLoadedProperty(i)) {
-        sb.append(i).append(',');
-      }
-    }
-    return sb;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public boolean[] loaded() {
    final boolean[] ret = new boolean[flags.length];
@@ -708,7 +650,7 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
        if (database == null) {
          throw new PersistenceException(ebeanServerName == null ? "No registered default server" : "Database [" + ebeanServerName + "] is not registered");
        }
-        // For stand alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
+        // For stand-alone reference bean or after deserialisation lazy load
        // using the ebeanServer. Synchronise only on the bean.
        loadBeanInternal(loadProperty, database.pluginApi().beanLoader());
        return;
@@ -845,18 +787,12 @@ public final class InterceptReadWrite implements EntityBeanIntercept {
    if (state == STATE_NEW) {
      setLoadedProperty(propertyIndex);
    } else {
-      if (readOnly) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-      }
      setChangeLoaded(propertyIndex);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void setChangedPropertyValue(int propertyIndex, boolean setDirtyState, Object origValue) {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This bean is readOnly");
-    }
    setChangedProperty(propertyIndex);
    if (setDirtyState) {
      setOriginalValue(propertyIndex, origValue);
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 3365725236140187588L;

  protected final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-  protected boolean readOnly;
  protected boolean disableLazyLoad;
  /**
   * The Database this is associated with. (used for lazy fetch).
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
    this.ownerBean = ownerBean;
    this.propertyName = propertyName;
-    this.readOnly = ownerBean != null && ownerBean._ebean_getIntercept().isReadOnly();
  }

  @Override
@@ -103,22 +101,6 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    this.ebeanServerName = loader.name();
  }

-  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-  }
-
-  void checkReadOnly() {
-    if (readOnly) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
  // Support for modify additions deletions etc - ManyToMany
  // ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -212,14 +194,4 @@ abstract class AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements BeanCollection<E> {
    return modifyHolder != null && modifyHolder.wasTouched();
  }

-  /**
-   * Copies all relevant properties for a clone. See {@link #shallowCopy()}
-   */
-  protected void setFromOriginal(AbstractBeanCollection<E> other) {
-    this.disableLazyLoad = other.disableLazyLoad;
-    this.ebeanServerName = other.ebeanServerName;
-    this.loader = other.loader;
-    this.ownerBean = other.ownerBean;
-    this.propertyName = other.propertyName;
-  }
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package io.ebean.common;

 import io.ebean.bean.*;

-import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.*;

 /**
@@ -39,6 +38,17 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    if (list == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return List.of();
+    } else {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(list);
@@ -223,7 +233,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      modifyAddition(element);
@@ -238,7 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (list.add(bean)) {
@@ -253,7 +261,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -264,7 +271,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // all elements in c are added (no contains checking)
@@ -275,7 +281,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    // TODO: when clear() and not initialised could be more clever
    // and fetch just the Id's
    initClear();
@@ -320,9 +325,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, list.iterator());
    }
@@ -338,9 +340,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator());
    }
@@ -350,9 +349,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyListIterator<>(list.listIterator(index));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyListIterator<>(this, list.listIterator(index));
    }
@@ -368,7 +364,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.remove(index);
@@ -380,7 +375,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean isRemove = list.remove(bean);
@@ -394,7 +388,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -412,7 +405,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> retainBeans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -433,7 +425,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List

  @Override
  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = list.set(index, element);
@@ -453,9 +444,6 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
  @Override
  public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableList(list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyList<>(this, list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex));
    }
@@ -475,67 +463,4 @@ public final class BeanList<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements List
    return list.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyListIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3097271091406323699L;
-
-    private final ListIterator<E> i;
-
-    ReadOnlyListIterator(ListIterator<E> i) {
-      this.i = i;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void add(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void set(E o) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return i.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasPrevious() {
-      return i.hasPrevious();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return i.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int nextIndex() {
-      return i.nextIndex();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E previous() {
-      return i.previous();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int previousIndex() {
-      return i.previousIndex();
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanList<E> copy = new BeanList<>(new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>(list));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
    super(ebeanServer, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, E> freeze() {
+    return map == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    if (map == null || map.isEmpty()) {
@@ -217,7 +222,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      // add all beans to the removal list
@@ -243,9 +247,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<Entry<K, E>> entrySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.entrySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyEntrySet<>(this, map.entrySet()) : map.entrySet();
  }

@@ -264,15 +265,11 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Set<K> keySet() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(map.keySet());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyKeySet<>(this, map.keySet()) : map.keySet();
  }

  @Override
  public E put(K key, E value) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E oldBean = map.put(key, value);
@@ -289,7 +286,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends E> puts) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends E> entry : puts.entrySet()) {
@@ -306,17 +302,16 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma

  @Override
  public void addBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public void removeBean(E bean) {
-    throw new IllegalStateException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not allowed on Map. Please use List instead.");
  }

  @Override
  public E remove(Object key) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      E o = map.remove(key);
@@ -335,16 +330,6 @@ public final class BeanMap<K, E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Ma
  @Override
  public Collection<E> values() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(map.values());
-    }
    return modifyListening ? new ModifyCollection<>(this, map.values()) : map.values();
  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanMap<K, E> copy = new BeanMap<>(new LinkedHashMap<>(map));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebean.common;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Set capable of lazy loading and modification aware.
@@ -38,6 +35,11 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    super(loader, ownerBean, propertyName);
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return set == null ? null : Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void toString(ToStringBuilder builder) {
    builder.addCollection(set);
@@ -211,7 +213,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean add(E bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.add(bean)) {
@@ -226,7 +227,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public void clear() {
-    checkReadOnly();
    initClear();
    if (modifyListening) {
      for (E bean : set) {
@@ -275,9 +274,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
  @Override
  public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    init();
-    if (readOnly) {
-      return new ReadOnlyIterator<>(set.iterator());
-    }
    if (modifyListening) {
      return new ModifyIterator<>(this, set.iterator());
    }
@@ -286,7 +282,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean remove(Object bean) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      if (set.remove(bean)) {
@@ -300,7 +295,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -317,7 +311,6 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E

  @Override
  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> beans) {
-    checkReadOnly();
    init();
    if (modifyListening) {
      boolean changed = false;
@@ -355,36 +348,4 @@ public final class BeanSet<E> extends AbstractBeanCollection<E> implements Set<E
    return set.toArray(array);
  }

-  private static final class ReadOnlyIterator<E> implements Iterator<E>, Serializable {
-
-    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2577697326745352605L;
-
-    private final Iterator<E> it;
-
-    ReadOnlyIterator(Iterator<E> it) {
-      this.it = it;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public boolean hasNext() {
-      return it.hasNext();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public E next() {
-      return it.next();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void remove() {
-      throw new IllegalStateException("This collection is in ReadOnly mode");
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public BeanCollection<E> shallowCopy() {
-    BeanSet<E> copy = new BeanSet<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(set));
-    copy.setFromOriginal(this);
-    return copy;
-  }
 }
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-package io.ebean.common;
-
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.AbstractList;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Comparator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
-import java.util.function.Predicate;
-import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
-
-/**
- * List that copies itself on first write access. Needed to keep memory footprint low and the ability
- * to modify lists from cache.
- *
- * @author Roland Praml, FOCONIS AG
- */
-public final class CopyOnFirstWriteList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, Serializable {
-
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-
-  private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
-
-  /**
-   * The underlying List implementation.
-   */
-  private List<E> list;
-
-  public CopyOnFirstWriteList(List<E> list) {
-    super();
-    this.list = list;
-  }
-
-  private volatile boolean copied = false;
-
-  @Override
-  public int size() {
-    return list.size();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean isEmpty() {
-    return list.isEmpty();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean contains(Object o) {
-    return list.contains(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public Object[] toArray() {
-    return list.toArray();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
-    return list.toArray(a);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean add(E e) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.add(e);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean remove(Object o) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    return list.containsAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.addAll(index, c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.retainAll(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.replaceAll(operator);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.removeIf(filter);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.sort(c);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void clear() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      list = new ArrayList<>();
-      copied = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public boolean equals(Object o) {
-    return list.equals(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int hashCode() {
-    return list.hashCode();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E get(int index) {
-    return list.get(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E set(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.set(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void add(int index, E element) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    list.add(index, element);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public E remove(int index) {
-    checkCopyOnWrite();
-    return list.remove(index);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int indexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.indexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
-    return list.lastIndexOf(o);
-  }
-
-  private void checkCopyOnWrite() {
-    if (!copied) {
-      lock.lock();
-      try {
-        if (!copied) {
-          list = new ArrayList<>(list);
-          copied = true;
-        }
-      } finally {
-        lock.unlock();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ public class DbPlatformType implements ExtraDbTypes {
   * </p>
   */
  public String renderType(int deployLength, int deployScale, boolean strict) {
+
    int len = deployLength != 0 ? deployLength : defaultLength;
    if (len > maxLength) {
      return fallback.renderType(deployLength, deployScale, strict);
@@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ public class DbPlatformType implements ExtraDbTypes {
      if ((canHaveLength || !strict) && len > 0) {
        renderLengthScale(len, deployScale, sb);
      }
+
      return sb.toString();
    }
  }
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public abstract class SequenceIdGenerator implements PlatformIdGenerator {
      if (newIds.isEmpty()) {
        throw new PersistenceException("Always expecting more than 1 row from " + sql);
      }
-      connection.commit();
+
      return newIds;

    } catch (SQLException e) {
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
  </parent>

  <name>ebean bom</name>
@@ -89,25 +89,25 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-jackson-mapper</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-ddl-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
@@ -155,37 +155,37 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-querybean</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>kotlin-querybean-generator</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-test</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-redis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-spring-txn</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- platforms -->
@@ -193,79 +193,79 @@
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-clickhouse</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-db2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-h2</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-hana</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mariadb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-mysql</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-nuodb</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-oracle</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgres</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-postgis-types</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlite</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
        <artifactId>ebean-sqlserver</artifactId>
-        <version>14.10.0</version>
+        <version>14.9.0</version>
      </dependency>

    </dependencies>
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;

 public interface DataReader {

+  boolean unmodifiable();
+
  void close() throws SQLException;

  boolean next() throws SQLException;
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  <parent>
    <artifactId>ebean-parent</artifactId>
    <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
-    <version>14.10.0</version>
+    <version>14.9.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>ebean-core</artifactId>
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-api</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-core-type</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
@@ -159,21 +159,21 @@
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-h2</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-postgres</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.ebean</groupId>
      <artifactId>ebean-platform-sqlserver</artifactId>
-      <version>14.10.0</version>
+      <version>14.9.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

@@ -55,4 +55,9 @@ public interface LoadContext {
   * Use soft-references for streaming queries, so unreachable entries can be garbage collected.
   */
  void useReferences(boolean useReferences);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true to include a many as a secondary query for unmodified.
+   */
+  boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many);
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;
 /**
 * Service Provider extension to EbeanServer.
 */
-public interface SpiEbeanServer extends SpiServer, BeanCollectionLoader {
+public interface SpiEbeanServer extends SpiServer, ExtendedServer, BeanCollectionLoader {

  /**
   * Return the NOW time from the Clock.
@@ -780,9 +780,9 @@ public interface SpiQuery<T> extends Query<T>, SpiQueryFetch, TxnProfileEventCod
  CacheMode queryCacheMode();

  /**
-   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be read only.
+   * Return true if the beans returned by this query should be unmodifiable.
   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly();
+  boolean isUnmodifiable();

  /**
   * Return the query timeout.
@@ -3,12 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.ListIterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Modify aware wrapper of a list.
@@ -52,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareList<E> implements List<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seria
    return list.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public List<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Map that is wraps an underlying map for the purpose of detecting changes.
@@ -51,6 +47,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, ModifyAwareType, S
    return map.hashCode();
  }

+  @Override
+  public Map<K, V> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.json;
 import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;

 import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Wraps a Set for the purposes of detecting modifications.
@@ -33,6 +30,11 @@ public final class ModifyAwareSet<E> implements Set<E>, ModifyAwareType, Seriali
    this.set = underlying;
  }

+  @Override
+  public Set<E> freeze() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableSet(set);
+  }
+
  @Override
  public boolean isMarkedDirty() {
    return owner.isMarkedDirty();
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -48,25 +49,21 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataFromBean {
    if (!desc.isCacheSharableBeans() || !beanEbi.isFullyLoadedBean()) {
      return null;
    }
-    if (beanEbi.isReadOnly()) {
+    if (beanEbi instanceof InterceptReadOnly) {
      return bean;
    }
-
    // create a readOnly sharable instance by copying the data
-    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean sharableBean = desc.createEntityBean2(true);
    BeanProperty idProp = desc.idProperty();
    if (idProp != null) {
      Object v = idProp.getValue(bean);
      idProp.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    BeanProperty[] propertiesNonTransient = desc.propertiesNonTransient();
-    for (BeanProperty aPropertiesNonTransient : propertiesNonTransient) {
-      Object v = aPropertiesNonTransient.getValue(bean);
-      aPropertiesNonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
+    for (BeanProperty nonTransient : desc.propertiesNonTransient()) {
+      Object v = nonTransient.getValue(bean);
+      nonTransient.setValue(sharableBean, v);
    }
-    EntityBeanIntercept intercept = sharableBean._ebean_getIntercept();
-    intercept.setReadOnly(true);
-    intercept.setLoaded();
+    desc.freeze(sharableBean);
    return sharableBean;
  }

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package io.ebeaninternal.server.cache;

-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
-import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
-import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
+import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanPropertyAssocMany;
@@ -25,10 +23,11 @@ public final class CachedBeanDataToBean {
    for (BeanProperty prop : desc.propertiesNonMany()) {
      loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
    }
+    final boolean addManyReferences = ebi instanceof InterceptReadWrite;
    for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> prop : desc.propertiesMany()) {
      if (prop.isElementCollection()) {
        loadProperty(bean, cacheBeanData, ebi, prop, context);
-      } else {
+      } else if (addManyReferences) {
        prop.createReferenceIfNull(bean);
      }
    }
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+
+/**
+ * Wraps the Clock such that we can change the Clock for testing purposes.
+ */
+public class ClockService {
+
+  private Clock clock;
+
+  public ClockService(Clock clock) {
+    this.clock = clock;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Change the clock for testing purposes.
+   */
+  public void setClock(Clock clock) {
+    this.clock = clock;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the Clock current timestamp in millis.
+   */
+  public long nowMillis() {
+    return clock.millis();
+  }
+}
@@ -77,12 +77,7 @@ public class DatabasePlatformFactory {
   */
  private DatabasePlatform byDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    try (Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection()) {
-      DatabasePlatform platform = byDatabaseMeta(connection.getMetaData(), connection);
-      if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
-        // we must roll back before close.
-        connection.rollback();
-      }
-      return platform;
+      return byDatabaseMeta(connection.getMetaData(), connection);
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
      throw new PersistenceException(ex);
    }
@@ -67,12 +67,8 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    parentDesc.contextPutIfAbsent(pc, parentId, parentBean);
    boolean useManyIdCache = beanCollection != null && parentDesc.isManyPropCaching() && many.isUseCache();
    if (useManyIdCache) {
-      Boolean readOnly = null;
-      if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-        readOnly = Boolean.TRUE;
-      }
      final String parentKey = parentDesc.cacheKey(parentId);
-      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey, readOnly)) {
+      if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(many, beanCollection, parentKey)) {
        return;
      }
    }
@@ -102,9 +98,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
    query.setMode(Mode.LAZYLOAD_MANY);
    query.setLazyLoadManyPath(many.name());
    query.setPersistenceContext(pc);
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
      query.orderBy(many.path() + "." +  many.fetchOrderBy());
    }
@@ -212,9 +205,6 @@ final class DefaultBeanLoader {
      // make sure the query doesn't use the cache
      query.setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode.OFF);
    }
-    if (ebi.isReadOnly()) {
-      query.setReadOnly(true);
-    }
    if (Mode.REFRESH_BEAN == mode) {
      // explicitly state to load all properties on REFRESH.
      // Lobs default to fetch lazy so this forces lobs to be
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import io.ebean.BeanState;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
+import io.ebean.bean.InterceptReadOnly;

 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -60,13 +61,8 @@ public final class DefaultBeanState implements BeanState {
  }

  @Override
-  public boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return intercept.isReadOnly();
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    intercept.setReadOnly(readOnly);
+  public boolean isUnmodifiable() {
+    return intercept instanceof InterceptReadOnly;
  }

  @Override
@@ -262,8 +262,6 @@ public final class DefaultContainer implements SpiContainer {
    try (Connection connection = config.getDataSource().getConnection()) {
      if (connection.getAutoCommit()) {
        log.log(WARNING, "DataSource [{0}] has autoCommit defaulting to true!", config.getName());
-      } else {
-        connection.rollback();
      }
      return true;
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import io.ebean.annotation.TxIsolation;
 import io.ebean.bean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext.WithOption;
 import io.ebean.cache.ServerCacheManager;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.config.*;
 import io.ebean.config.dbplatform.DatabasePlatform;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanPersistController;
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
  private final QueryPlanManager queryPlanManager;
  private final ExtraMetrics extraMetrics;
  private final DataTimeZone dataTimeZone;
-  private final Clock clock;
+  private final ClockService clockService;
  private final CallOriginFactory callStackFactory;
  private final Persister persister;
  private final OrmQueryEngine queryEngine;
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    this.beanLoader = new DefaultBeanLoader(this);
    this.jsonContext = config.createJsonContext(this);
    this.dataTimeZone = config.getDataTimeZone();
-    this.clock = config.clock();
+    this.clockService = config.getClockService();

    DocStoreIntegration docStoreComponents = config.createDocStoreIntegration(this);
    this.transactionManager = config.createTransactionManager(this, docStoreComponents.updateProcessor());
@@ -413,9 +412,19 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    return serverName;
  }

+  @Override
+  public ExtendedServer extended() {
+    return this;
+  }
+
  @Override
  public long clockNow() {
-    return clock.millis();
+    return clockService.nowMillis();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setClock(Clock clock) {
+    this.clockService.setClock(clock);
  }

  @Override
@@ -610,7 +619,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    }
    InheritInfo inheritInfo = desc.inheritInfo();
    if (inheritInfo == null || inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
-      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, null, false, id);
+      return (T) desc.contextRef(pc, id);
    }
    return referenceFindOne(type, id, desc);
  }
@@ -994,7 +1003,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
      return null;
    }
    // Hit the L2 bean cache
-    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isReadOnly(), pc);
+    return desc.cacheBeanGet(id, query.isUnmodifiable(), pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -1205,11 +1214,7 @@ public final class DefaultServer implements SpiServer, SpiEbeanServer {
    SpiOrmQueryRequest<?> request = createQueryRequest(Type.ID_LIST, query);
    Object result = request.getFromQueryCache();
    if (result != null) {
-      if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-        return new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<A>) result);
-      } else {
-        return (List<A>) result;
-      }
+      return (List<A>) result;
    }
    try {
      request.initTransIfRequired();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public final class DtoQueryRequest<T> extends AbstractSqlQueryRequest {
  @Override
  protected void setResultSet(ResultSet resultSet, Object queryPlanKey) throws SQLException {
    this.resultSet = resultSet;
-    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
+    this.dataReader = new RsetDataReader(false, server.dataTimeZone(), resultSet);
    obtainPlan(queryPlanKey);
  }

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocStoreIntegration;
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocStoreUpdateProcessor;
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.none.NoneDocStoreFactory;

-import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.*;

 import static java.lang.System.Logger.Level.*;
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
  private final DeployInherit deployInherit;
  private final TypeManager typeManager;
  private final DtoBeanManager dtoBeanManager;
-  private final Clock clock;
+  private final ClockService clockService;
  private final DataTimeZone dataTimeZone;
  private final Binder binder;
  private final DeployCreateProperties deployCreateProperties;
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
    this.online = online;
    this.config = config;
    this.jacksonCorePresent = config.getClassLoadConfig().isJacksonCorePresent();
-    this.clock = config.settings().getClock();
+    this.clockService = new ClockService(config.settings().getClock());
    this.tableModState = new TableModState();
    this.logManager = initLogManager();
    this.docStoreFactory = initDocStoreFactory(service(DocStoreFactory.class));
@@ -190,8 +189,8 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
    return docStoreFactory;
  }

-  Clock clock() {
-    return clock;
+  ClockService getClockService() {
+    return clockService;
  }

  public ExtraMetrics getExtraMetrics() {
@@ -392,7 +391,7 @@ public final class InternalConfiguration {
    TransactionManagerOptions options =
      new TransactionManagerOptions(server, notifyL2CacheInForeground, config, scopeManager, clusterManager, backgroundExecutor,
        indexUpdateProcessor, beanDescriptorManager, dataSource(), profileHandler(), logManager,
-        tableModState, cacheNotify);
+        tableModState, cacheNotify, clockService);

    if (config.isDocStoreOnly()) {
      return new DocStoreTransactionManager(options);
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ public interface OrmQueryEngine {
  <T> T findId(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
-   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate BeanCollection.
+   * Execute the findList, findSet, findMap query returning an appropriate Collection.
   */
-  <T> BeanCollection<T> findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);
+  <T> Object findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request);

  /**
   * Execute the findSingleAttributeCollection query.
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.core;

 import io.ebean.*;
 import io.ebean.bean.BeanCollection;
+import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.PersistenceContext;
 import io.ebean.cache.QueryCacheEntry;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanList;
 import io.ebean.common.BeanMap;
-import io.ebean.common.CopyOnFirstWriteList;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanFindController;
 import io.ebean.event.BeanQueryAdapter;
 import io.ebean.text.json.JsonReadOptions;
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return cacheBeans;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableList(cacheBeans) : cacheBeans;
  }

  @Override
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    for (T bean : cacheBeans) {
      map.put((K) property.pathGet(bean), bean);
    }
-    return map;
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableMap(map) : map;
  }

  private ElPropertyValue mapProperty() {
@@ -583,7 +583,8 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    if (orderBy != null && !orderBy.isEmpty()) {
      beanDescriptor.sort(cacheBeans, orderBy.toStringFormat());
    }
-    return new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    var set = new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheBeans);
+    return query.isUnmodifiable() ? Collections.unmodifiableSet(set) : set;
  }

  @Override
@@ -600,9 +601,12 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
    //
    CacheIdLookup<T> idLookup = query.cacheIdLookup();
    if (idLookup != null) {
-      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, idLookup.idValues());
+      BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.cacheIdLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), idLookup.idValues());
      // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
      this.cacheBeans = idLookup.removeHits(cacheResult);
+      if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+        unmodifiableFreeze(cacheBeans);
+      }
      return idLookup.allHits();
    }
    if (!beanDescriptor.isNaturalKeyCaching()) {
@@ -613,7 +617,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      NaturalKeySet naturalKeySet = data.buildKeys();
      if (naturalKeySet != null) {
        // use the natural keys to lookup Ids to then hit the bean cache
-        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, naturalKeySet.keys());
+        BeanCacheResult<T> cacheResult = beanDescriptor.naturalKeyLookup(persistenceContext, query.isUnmodifiable(), naturalKeySet.keys());
        // adjust the query (IN clause) based on the cache hits
        this.cacheBeans = data.removeHits(cacheResult);
        return data.allHits();
@@ -639,31 +643,7 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      return null;
    }

-    Object cached = beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
-    if (cached != null && isAuditReads() && readAuditQueryType()) {
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        // raw sql can't use L2 cache so normal queries only in here
-        Collection<T> actualDetails = ((BeanCollection<T>) cached).actualDetails();
-        List<Object> ids = new ArrayList<>(actualDetails.size());
-        for (T bean : actualDetails) {
-          ids.add(beanDescriptor.idForJson(bean));
-        }
-        beanDescriptor.readAuditMany(queryPlanKey.partialKey(), "l2-query-cache", ids);
-      }
-    }
-    if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(query.isReadOnly())) {
-      // return shallow copies if readonly is explicitly set to false
-      if (cached instanceof BeanCollection) {
-        cached = ((BeanCollection<?>) cached).shallowCopy();
-      } else if (cached instanceof List) {
-        cached = new CopyOnFirstWriteList<>((List<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Set) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashSet<>((Set<?>) cached);
-      } else if (cached instanceof Map) {
-        cached = new LinkedHashMap<>((Map<?, ?>) cached);
-      }
-    }
-    return cached;
+    return beanDescriptor.queryCacheGet(cacheKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -780,4 +760,30 @@ public final class OrmQueryRequest<T> extends BeanRequest implements SpiOrmQuery
      beanDescriptor.contextClear(transaction.persistenceContext());
    }
  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(Collection<T> beans) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beans != null) {
+        for (T bean : beans) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(BeanCollection<T> beanCollection) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable()) {
+      if (beanCollection != null) {
+        for (T bean : beanCollection.actualDetails()) {
+          beanDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) bean);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void unmodifiableFreeze(EntityBean bean) {
+    if (query.isUnmodifiable() && bean != null) {
+      beanDescriptor.freeze(bean);
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.sql.SQLException;
 abstract class AssocOneHelp {

  final BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property;
-  private final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
+  protected final BeanDescriptor<?> target;
  private final String path;

  AssocOneHelp(BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> property) {
@@ -66,9 +66,8 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    if (existing != null) {
      return existing;
    }
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = target.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.register(path, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ abstract class AssocOneHelp {
    Object val = read(ctx);
    if (bean != null) {
      property.setValue(bean, val);
-      ctx.propagateState(val);
    }
    return val;
  }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DataReader reader) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(reader.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(reader, embeddedBean);
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
    if (bean != null) {
      // set back to the parent bean
      property.setValue(bean, dbVal);
-      ctx.propagateState(dbVal);
      return dbVal;
    } else {
      return null;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {

  @Override
  Object read(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
-    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean();
+    EntityBean embeddedBean = property.targetDescriptor.createEntityBean2(ctx.unmodifiable());
    boolean notNull = false;
    for (BeanProperty property : property.embeddedProps) {
      Object value = property.readSet(ctx, embeddedBean);
@@ -70,12 +69,7 @@ final class AssocOneHelpEmbedded extends AssocOneHelp {
        notNull = true;
      }
    }
-    if (notNull) {
-      ctx.propagateState(embeddedBean);
-      return embeddedBean;
-    } else {
-      return null;
-    }
+    return notNull ? embeddedBean : null;
  }

  @Override
@@ -53,9 +53,8 @@ final class AssocOneHelpRefInherit extends AssocOneHelp {
      return existing;
    }
    // for inheritance hierarchy create the correct type for this row...
-    boolean disableLazyLoading = ctx.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, ctx.isReadOnly(), disableLazyLoading, id);
-    if (!disableLazyLoading) {
+    Object ref = desc.contextRef(pc, id, ctx.unmodifiable(), ctx.isDisableLazyLoading());
+    if (!ctx.unmodifiable() && !ctx.isDisableLazyLoading()) {
      ctx.registerBeanInherit(property, ((EntityBean) ref)._ebean_getIntercept());
    }
    return ref;
@@ -688,6 +688,22 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    }
  }

+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    if (entityBean._ebean_getIntercept().freeze()) {
+      // recursively freeze the graph for this entityBean
+      for (BeanProperty beanProperty : propertiesMutable) {
+        beanProperty.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocOne<?> one : propertiesOne) {
+        one.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+      for (BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many : propertiesMany) {
+        many.freeze(entityBean);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  public void metricPersistBatch(PersistRequest.Type type, long startNanos, int size) {
    iudMetrics.addBatch(type, startNanos, size);
  }
@@ -1190,8 +1206,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Try to load the beanCollection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
-    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey, readOnly);
+  public boolean cacheManyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
+    return cacheHelp.manyPropLoad(many, bc, parentKey);
  }

  /**
@@ -1240,8 +1256,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean as the correct bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+  EntityBean cacheBeanLoadDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1279,8 +1295,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache (or null).
   */
-  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), readOnly, context);
+  public T cacheBeanGet(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    return cacheHelp.beanCacheGet(cacheKey(id), unmodifiable, context);
  }

  /**
@@ -1309,15 +1325,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return cacheHelp.beanCacheLoad(bean, ebi, cacheKey(id), context);
  }

-  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
-    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, ids);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
+    return cacheHelp.cacheIdLookup(context, unmodifiable, ids);
  }

  /**
   * Use natural key lookup to hit the bean cache.
   */
-  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
-    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, keys);
+  public BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
+    return cacheHelp.naturalKeyLookup(context, unmodifiable, keys);
  }

  public void cacheNaturalKeyPut(String key, String newKey) {
@@ -1765,10 +1781,10 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
  /**
   * Create a reference with a check for the bean in the persistence context.
   */
-  public EntityBean createReference(Boolean readOnly, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+  public EntityBean createReference(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
    Object refBean = contextGet(pc, id);
    if (refBean == null) {
-      refBean = createReference(readOnly, false, id, pc);
+      refBean = createReference(false, false, id, pc);
    }
    return (EntityBean) refBean;
  }
@@ -1777,8 +1793,8 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Create a reference bean based on the id.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  public T createReference(Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !disableLazyLoad && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  public T createReference(boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id, PersistenceContext pc) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      CachedBeanData d = cacheHelp.beanCacheGetData(cacheKey(id));
      if (d != null) {
        Object shareableBean = d.getSharableBean();
@@ -1794,18 +1810,15 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
      if (inheritInfo != null && !inheritInfo.isConcrete()) {
        return findReferenceBean(id, pc);
      }
-      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean();
+      EntityBean eb = createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      id = convertSetId(id, eb);
      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = eb._ebean_getIntercept();
      if (disableLazyLoad) {
        ebi.setDisableLazyLoad(true);
-      } else {
+      } else if (!unmodifiable) {
        ebi.setBeanLoader(refBeanLoader());
      }
      ebi.setReference(idPropertyIndex);
-      if (Boolean.TRUE == readOnly) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
-      }
      if (pc != null) {
        contextPut(pc, id, eb);
        ebi.setPersistenceContext(pc);
@@ -2030,11 +2043,12 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
    return pc.putIfAbsent(rootBeanType, id, localBean);
  }

-  /**
-   * Create a reference bean and put it in the persistence context (and return it).
-   */
-  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Boolean readOnly, boolean disableLazyLoad, Object id) {
-    return createReference(readOnly, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id) {
+    return createReference(false, false, id, pc);
+  }
+
+  public Object contextRef(PersistenceContext pc, Object id, boolean unmodifiable, boolean disableLazyLoad) {
+    return createReference(unmodifiable, disableLazyLoad, id, pc);
  }

  /**
@@ -2149,7 +2163,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptor<T> implements BeanType<T>, STreeType, SpiBeanType {
   * Set the Id value to the bean (without type conversion).
   */
  public void setId(Object idValue, EntityBean bean) {
-    idProperty.setValueIntercept(bean, idValue);
+    idProperty.setValue(bean, idValue);
  }

  @Override
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Try to load the bean collection from cache return true if successful.
   */
-  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey, Boolean readOnly) {
+  boolean manyPropLoad(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many, BeanCollection<?> bc, String parentKey) {
    if (many.isElementCollection()) {
      // held as part of the bean cache so skip
      return false;
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    bc.checkEmptyLazyLoad();
    int i = 0;
    for (Object id : idList) {
-      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(readOnly, id, persistenceContext);
+      final EntityBean ref = targetDescriptor.createReference(persistenceContext, id);
      if (many.hasOrderColumn()) {
        ref._ebean_getIntercept().setSortOrder(++i);
      }
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Hit the bean cache with the given ids returning the hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, Collection<?> ids) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> cacheIdLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Collection<?> ids) {
    Set<Object> keys = new HashSet<>(ids.size());
    for (Object id : ids) {
      keys.add(desc.cacheKey(id));
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    BeanCacheResult<T> result = new BeanCacheResult<>();
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(entry.getKey(), unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      result.add(bean, desc.id(bean));
    }
    return result;
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Use natural keys to hit the bean cache and return resulting hits.
   */
-  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, Set<Object> keys) {
+  BeanCacheResult<T> naturalKeyLookup(PersistenceContext context, boolean unmodifiable, Set<Object> keys) {
    if (context == null) {
      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
    }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : beanDataMap.entrySet()) {
      Object id = entry.getKey();
      CachedBeanData cachedBeanData = (CachedBeanData) entry.getValue();
-      T bean = convertToBean(id, false, context, cachedBeanData);
+      T bean = convertToBean(id, unmodifiable, context, cachedBeanData);
      Object naturalKey = reverseMap.get(id);
      result.add(bean, naturalKey);
    }
@@ -561,9 +561,9 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    return (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
  }

-  T beanCacheGet(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
-    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, readOnly, context);
-    if (bean != null) {
+  T beanCacheGet(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
+    T bean = beanCacheGetInternal(key, unmodifiable, context);
+    if (bean != null && !unmodifiable) {
      setupContext(bean, context);
    }
    return bean;
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Return a bean from the bean cache.
   */
-  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private T beanCacheGetInternal(String key, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context) {
    CachedBeanData data = (CachedBeanData) getBeanCache().get(key);
    if (data == null) {
      if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -583,12 +583,12 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
    if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
      beanLog.log(TRACE, "   GET {0}({1}) - hit", cacheName, key);
    }
-    return convertToBean(key, readOnly, context, data);
+    return convertToBean(key, unmodifiable, context, data);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  private T convertToBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
-    if (cacheSharableBeans && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(readOnly)) {
+  private T convertToBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, PersistenceContext context, CachedBeanData data) {
+    if (cacheSharableBeans && unmodifiable) {
      Object bean = data.getSharableBean();
      if (bean != null) {
        if (beanLog.isLoggable(TRACE)) {
@@ -600,18 +600,18 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
        return (T) bean;
      }
    }
-    return (T) loadBean(id, readOnly, data, context);
+    return (T) loadBean(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
  }

  /**
   * Load the entity bean taking into account inheritance.
   */
-  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  private EntityBean loadBean(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    String discValue = data.getDiscValue();
    if (discValue == null) {
-      return loadBeanDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return loadBeanDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    } else {
-      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, readOnly, data, context);
+      return rootDescriptor(discValue).cacheBeanLoadDirect(id, unmodifiable, data, context);
    }
  }

@@ -625,26 +625,22 @@ final class BeanDescriptorCacheHelp<T> {
  /**
   * Load the entity bean from cache data given this is the root bean type.
   */
-  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, Boolean readOnly, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
+  EntityBean loadBeanDirect(Object id, boolean unmodifiable, CachedBeanData data, PersistenceContext context) {
    id = desc.convertId(id);
-    EntityBean bean = null;
-    if (context == null) {
-      context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
-    } else {
-      bean = (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);
-    }
+    EntityBean bean = context == null ? null : (EntityBean) desc.contextGet(context, id);;
    if (bean == null) {
-      bean = desc.createEntityBean();
+      bean = desc.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      desc.setId(id, bean);
-      desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
-
-      EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
-      // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
-      ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
-      if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-        ebi.setReadOnly(true);
+      if (!unmodifiable) {
+        if (context == null) {
+          context = new DefaultPersistenceContext();
+        }
+        desc.contextPut(context, id, bean);
+        EntityBeanIntercept ebi = bean._ebean_getIntercept();
+        ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
+        // Not using loadContext here so no batch lazy loading for these beans
+        ebi.setBeanLoader(desc.l2BeanLoader());
      }
-      ebi.setPersistenceContext(context);
    }

    CachedBeanDataToBean.load(desc, bean, data, context);
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy;

 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
 import io.ebean.DataIntegrityException;
+import io.ebean.ModifyAwareType;
 import io.ebean.ValuePair;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBeanIntercept;
@@ -1519,4 +1520,15 @@ public class BeanProperty implements ElPropertyValue, Property, STreeProperty {
      desc.registerColumn(dbColumn, path);
    }
  }
+
+  /**
+   * Freeze mutable types (like DbArray).
+   */
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof ModifyAwareType) {
+      ModifyAwareType bc = (ModifyAwareType) value;
+      setValue(entityBean, bc.freeze());
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -1165,4 +1165,22 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocMany<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> implements ST
      return false;
    }
  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof BeanCollection) {
+      BeanCollection<?> beanCollection = (BeanCollection<?>) value;
+      Collection<?> entities = beanCollection.actualDetails();
+      if (entities != null) {
+        for (Object actualEntry : entities) {
+          targetDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) actualEntry);
+        }
+      }
+      setValue(entityBean, beanCollection.freeze());
+    } else if (value == null) {
+      // make it an error to access the collection (no lazy loading allowed)
+      entityBean._ebean_getIntercept().setPropertyUnloaded(propertyIndex);
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -663,6 +663,14 @@ public class BeanPropertyAssocOne<T> extends BeanPropertyAssoc<T> implements STr
    setValue(entityBean, targetDescriptor.createRef(tenantId, null));
  }

+  @Override
+  public void freeze(EntityBean entityBean) {
+    Object value = getValue(entityBean);
+    if (value instanceof EntityBean) {
+      targetDescriptor.freeze((EntityBean) value);
+    }
+  }
+
  @Override
  public void setValue(EntityBean bean, Object value) {
    super.setValue(bean, value);
@@ -14,16 +14,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 */
 public interface DbReadContext {

-  /**
-   * Return the state of the object graph.
-   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly();
-
-  /**
-   * Propagate the state to the bean.
-   */
-  void propagateState(Object e);
-
  /**
   * Return the DataReader.
   */
@@ -102,4 +92,14 @@ public interface DbReadContext {
   */
  void handleLoadError(String fullName, Exception e);

+  /**
+   * Return true if this many property should be included in unmodifiable
+   * query via a secondary query.
+   */
+  boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many);
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if we are loading unmodifiable beans.
+   */
+  boolean unmodifiable();
 }
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ public final class InheritInfo {
  /**
   * Create an EntityBean for this type.
   */
-  public EntityBean createEntityBean() {
-    return descriptor.createEntityBean();
+  public EntityBean createEntityBean(boolean unmodifiable) {
+    return descriptor.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
  }

  /**
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ public final class TableJoinColumn {
  private final String foreignSqlFormula;
  private final boolean insertable;
  private final boolean updateable;
-  private final boolean nullable;
  /**
   * Hash for including in a query plan
   */
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ public final class TableJoinColumn {
    this.localSqlFormula = InternString.intern(deploy.getLocalSqlFormula());
    this.foreignSqlFormula = InternString.intern(deploy.getForeignSqlFormula());
    this.insertable = deploy.isInsertable();
-    this.updateable = deploy.isUpdatable();
-    this.nullable = deploy.isNullable();
+    this.updateable = deploy.isUpdateable();
    this.queryHash = hash();
  }

@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ public final class TableJoinColumn {
    this.foreignSqlFormula = null;
    this.insertable = source.isInsertable();
    this.updateable = source.isUpdateable();
-    this.nullable = source.isNullable();
    this.queryHash = hash();
  }

@@ -118,13 +115,6 @@ public final class TableJoinColumn {
    return updateable;
  }

-  /**
-   * Return if this column is nullable.
-   */
-  public boolean isNullable() {
-    return nullable;
-  }
-
  public String getLocalSqlFormula() {
    return localSqlFormula;
  }
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.id;
 import io.ebean.bean.EntityBean;
 import io.ebean.util.SplitName;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiExpressionBind;
-import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiExpressionRequest;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.DefaultSqlUpdate;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptor;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanProperty;
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@ public final class IdBinderEmbedded implements IdBinder {

  @Override
  public Object read(DbReadContext ctx) throws SQLException {
-    final EntityBean embId = idDesc.createEntityBean();
+    final EntityBean embId = idDesc.createEntityBean2(ctx.unmodifiable());
    boolean nullValue = true;
    for (BeanProperty prop : props) {
      final Object value = prop.read(ctx);
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ public final class IdBinderSimple implements IdBinder {
      idValue = scalarType.toBeanType(idValue);
    }
    if (bean != null) {
-      idProperty.setValueIntercept(bean, idValue);
+      // not using interception to support unmodifiable entities
+      idProperty.setValue(bean, idValue);
    }
    return idValue;
  }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public final class DeployTableJoin {
      // only add the join column details when name or referencedColumnName is specified
      String ref = deploy.convertQuotes(jc.referencedColumnName());
      String nam = deploy.convertQuotes(jc.name());
-      addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(order, ref, nam, jc.insertable(), jc.updatable(), jc.nullable(), beanTable));
+      addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(order, ref, nam, jc.insertable(), jc.updatable(), beanTable));
    }
  }

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
   */
  private String foreignSqlFormula;
  private boolean insertable;
-  private boolean updatable;
-  private boolean nullable;
+  private boolean updateable;

  /**
   * Construct when automatically determining the join.
@@ -35,24 +34,21 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
   * </p>
   */
  public DeployTableJoinColumn(String localDbColumn, String foreignDbColumn) {
-    this(localDbColumn, foreignDbColumn, true, true, true);
+    this(localDbColumn, foreignDbColumn, true, true);
  }

  /**
   * Construct with explicit insertable and updateable flags.
   */
-  public DeployTableJoinColumn(String localDbColumn, String foreignDbColumn,
-                               boolean insertable, boolean updatable, boolean nullable) {
+  public DeployTableJoinColumn(String localDbColumn, String foreignDbColumn, boolean insertable, boolean updateable) {
    this.localDbColumn = nullEmptyString(localDbColumn);
    this.foreignDbColumn = nullEmptyString(foreignDbColumn);
    this.insertable = insertable;
-    this.updatable = updatable;
-    this.nullable = nullable;
+    this.updateable = updateable;
  }

-  public DeployTableJoinColumn(boolean order, String ref, String name,
-                               boolean insertable, boolean updatable, boolean nullable, BeanTable beanTable) {
-    this(ref, name, insertable, updatable, nullable);
+  public DeployTableJoinColumn(boolean order, String ref, String name, boolean insertable, boolean updateable, BeanTable beanTable) {
+    this(ref, name, insertable, updateable);
    setReferencedColumn(beanTable);
    if (!order) {
      reverse();
@@ -64,7 +60,7 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
      this.localSqlFormula = localSqlFormula;
      this.localDbColumn = null;
      this.insertable = false;
-      this.updatable = false;
+      this.updateable = false;
    }
  }

@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
      this.foreignSqlFormula = foreignSqlFormula;
      this.foreignDbColumn = null;
      this.insertable = false;
-      this.updatable = false;
+      this.updateable = false;
    }
  }

@@ -125,12 +121,12 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
    // but will leave it like this for now
    DeployTableJoinColumn ret;
    if (reverse) {
-      ret = new DeployTableJoinColumn(foreignDbColumn, localDbColumn, insertable, updatable, nullable);
+      ret = new DeployTableJoinColumn(foreignDbColumn, localDbColumn, insertable, updateable);
      ret.setLocalSqlFormula(foreignSqlFormula);
      ret.setForeignSqlFormula(localSqlFormula);

    } else {
-      ret = new DeployTableJoinColumn(localDbColumn, foreignDbColumn, insertable, updatable, nullable);
+      ret = new DeployTableJoinColumn(localDbColumn, foreignDbColumn, insertable, updateable);
      ret.setLocalSqlFormula(localSqlFormula);
      ret.setForeignSqlFormula(foreignSqlFormula);
    }
@@ -152,8 +148,8 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
  /**
   * Return true if this column should be updateable.
   */
-  public boolean isUpdatable() {
-    return updatable;
+  public boolean isUpdateable() {
+    return updateable;
  }

  /**
@@ -177,7 +173,4 @@ public final class DeployTableJoinColumn {
    this.localDbColumn = localDbColumn;
  }

-  public boolean isNullable() {
-    return nullable;
-  }
 }
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ final class AnnotationAssocOnes extends AnnotationAssoc {
    BeanTable baseBeanTable = factory.beanTable(info.getDescriptor().getBeanType());
    String localPrimaryKey = baseBeanTable.getIdColumn();
    String foreignColumn = getBeanTable(prop).getIdColumn();
-    prop.getTableJoin().addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(localPrimaryKey, foreignColumn, false, false, prop.isNullable()));
+    prop.getTableJoin().addJoinColumn(new DeployTableJoinColumn(localPrimaryKey, foreignColumn, false, false));
  }

  private void readEmbedded(DeployBeanPropertyAssocOne<?> prop, Embedded embedded) {
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ import io.ebeaninternal.server.el.ElPropertyValue;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.querydefn.OrmQueryProperties;

 import java.sql.Timestamp;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;

 /**
 * Default implementation of LoadContext.
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
  private final DLoadBeanContext rootBeanContext;
  private final boolean asDraft;
  private final Timestamp asOf;
-  private final Boolean readOnly;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;
  private final CacheMode useBeanCache;
  private final int defaultBatchSize;
  private final boolean disableLazyLoading;
@@ -48,6 +46,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
  boolean useReferences;
  private List<OrmQueryProperties> secQuery;
  private Object tenantId;
+  private final Set<BeanProperty> secondaryProperties;

  /**
   * Construct for use with JSON marshalling (doc store).
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.useBeanCache = CacheMode.OFF;
    this.asDraft = false;
    this.asOf = null;
-    this.readOnly = false;
+    this.unmodifiable = false;
    this.disableLazyLoading = false;
    this.disableReadAudit = false;
    this.includeSoftDeletes = false;
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.profileLocation = null;
    this.profilingListener = null;
    this.rootBeanContext = new DLoadBeanContext(this, rootDescriptor, null, null);
+    this.secondaryProperties = null;
  }

  private ObjectGraphOrigin initOrigin() {
@@ -90,13 +90,14 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    this.asOf = query.getAsOf();
    this.asDraft = query.isAsDraft();
    this.includeSoftDeletes = query.isIncludeSoftDeletes() && query.mode() == SpiQuery.Mode.NORMAL;
-    this.readOnly = query.isReadOnly();
+    this.unmodifiable = query.isUnmodifiable();
    this.disableReadAudit = query.isDisableReadAudit();
    this.disableLazyLoading = query.isDisableLazyLoading();
    this.useBeanCache = query.beanCacheMode();
    this.profilingListener = query.profilingListener();
    this.planLabel = query.planLabel();
    this.profileLocation = query.profileLocation();
+    this.secondaryProperties = query.isUnmodifiable() ? new HashSet<>() : null;

    ObjectGraphNode parentNode = query.parentNode();
    if (parentNode != null) {
@@ -156,6 +157,14 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    ElPropertyValue elGetValue = rootDescriptor.elGetValue(props.getPath());
    boolean many = elGetValue.beanProperty().containsMany();
    registerSecondaryNode(many, props);
+    if (many && secondaryProperties != null) {
+      secondaryProperties.add(elGetValue.beanProperty());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many) {
+    return secondaryProperties != null && secondaryProperties.contains(many);
  }

  boolean isBeanCacheGet() {
@@ -230,14 +239,6 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    return ebeanServer;
  }

-  /**
-   * Return the parent state which defines the sharedInstance and readOnly status
-   * which needs to be propagated to other beans and collections.
-   */
-  Boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
  @Override
  public PersistenceContext persistenceContext() {
    return persistenceContext;
@@ -320,9 +321,7 @@ public final class DLoadContext implements LoadContext {
    if (useDocStore && docStoreMapped) {
      query.setUseDocStore(true);
    }
-    if (readOnly != null) {
-      query.setReadOnly(readOnly);
-    }
+    query.setUnmodifiable(unmodifiable);
    query.setDisableLazyLoading(disableLazyLoading);
    query.asOf(asOf);
    if (asDraft) {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ final class DLoadManyContext extends DLoadBaseContext implements LoadManyContext
          BeanDescriptor<?> parentDesc = context.desc.descriptor(ownerBean.getClass());
          Object parentId = parentDesc.getId(ownerBean);
          final String parentKey = parentDesc.cacheKey(parentId);
-          if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(context.property, bc, parentKey, context.parent.isReadOnly())) {
+          if (parentDesc.cacheManyPropLoad(context.property, bc, parentKey)) {
            // we loaded the bean collection from cache so remove it from the buffer
            if (removeFromBuffer(bc)) {
              bc.setLoader(context.parent.server());
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public final class Binder {
    return new DataBind(dataTimeZone, stmt, connection);
  }

-  public DataReader createDataReader(ResultSet resultSet) {
-    return new RsetDataReader(dataTimeZone, resultSet);
+  public DataReader createDataReader(boolean unmodifiable, ResultSet resultSet) {
+    return new RsetDataReader(unmodifiable, dataTimeZone, resultSet);
  }
 }
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
  private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

  private final boolean loadContextBean;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;

  /**
   * The resultSet rows read.
@@ -152,8 +153,6 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi

  private final ProfilingListener profilingListener;

-  private final Boolean readOnly;
-
  private long profileOffset;
  private long startNano;

@@ -186,7 +185,6 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    this.queryMode = query.mode();
    this.loadContextBean = queryMode.isLoadContextBean() || query.getForUpdateLockType() != null;
    this.lazyLoadManyProperty = query.lazyLoadMany();
-    this.readOnly = query.isReadOnly();
    this.disableLazyLoading = query.isDisableLazyLoading();
    this.objectGraphNode = query.parentNode();
    this.profilingListener = query.profilingListener();
@@ -207,6 +205,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    } else {
      this.help = createHelp(request);
    }
+    this.unmodifiable = request.query().isUnmodifiable();
    this.collection = (help != null ? help.createEmptyNoParent() : null);
  }

@@ -239,17 +238,8 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
  }

  @Override
-  public Boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void propagateState(Object e) {
-    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(readOnly)) {
-      if (e instanceof EntityBean) {
-        ((EntityBean) e)._ebean_getIntercept().setReadOnly(true);
-      }
-    }
+  public boolean unmodifiable() {
+    return unmodifiable;
  }

  @Override
@@ -299,7 +289,7 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    if (resultSet == null) {
      return false;
    }
-    dataReader = queryPlan.createDataReader(resultSet);
+    dataReader = queryPlan.createDataReader(query.isUnmodifiable(), resultSet);
    return true;
  }

@@ -474,6 +464,14 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    return result;
  }

+  EntityBean nextBean() {
+    EntityBean bean = next();
+    if (unmodifiable) {
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(bean);
+    }
+    return bean;
+  }
+
  EntityBean next() {
    if (audit) {
      auditNextBean();
@@ -603,6 +601,11 @@ public final class CQuery<T> implements DbReadContext, CancelableQuery, SpiProfi
    request.loadContext().register(path(many.name()), many, bc);
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean includeSecondary(BeanPropertyAssocMany<?> many) {
+    return request.loadContext().includeSecondary(many);
+  }
+
  /**
   * Return true if this is a raw sql query as opposed to Ebean generated sql.
   */
@@ -107,15 +107,9 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
        if (collection instanceof List) {
          collection = (A) Collections.unmodifiableList((List<?>) collection);
          request.putToQueryCache(collection);
-          if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-            collection = (A) new ArrayList<>(collection);
-          }
        } else if (collection instanceof Set) {
          collection = (A) Collections.unmodifiableSet((Set<?>) collection);
          request.putToQueryCache(collection);
-          if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly())) {
-            collection = (A) new LinkedHashSet<>(collection);
-          }
        }
      }
      return collection;
@@ -358,6 +352,7 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
      if (request.isQueryCachePut()) {
        request.addDependentTables(cquery.dependentTables());
      }
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(beanCollection);
      return beanCollection;

    } catch (SQLException e) {
@@ -390,6 +385,7 @@ public final class CQueryEngine {
        cquery.auditFind(bean);
      }
      request.executeSecondaryQueries(false);
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(bean);
      return (T) bean;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw cquery.createPersistenceException(e);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ final class CQueryFetchSingleAttribute implements SpiProfileTransactionEvent, Ca
    } finally {
      lock.unlock();
    }
-    dataReader = new RsetDataReader(request.dataTimeZone(), pstmt.executeQuery());
+    dataReader = new RsetDataReader(query.isUnmodifiable(), request.dataTimeZone(), pstmt.executeQuery());
    query.checkCancelled();
  }

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ final class CQueryIteratorSimple<T> implements QueryIterator<T> {
  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public T next() {
-    return (T) cquery.next();
+    return (T) cquery.nextBean();
  }

  @Override
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ final class CQueryIteratorWithBuffer<T> implements QueryIterator<T> {
        }
        request.executeSecondaryQueries(true);
      }
+      request.unmodifiableFreeze(buffer);
      ret = !buffer.isEmpty();
      return ret;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ public class CQueryPlan implements SpiQueryPlan {
    return new DQueryPlanOutput(beanType(), name, hash, sql, profileLocation, bind, planString);
  }

-  public DataReader createDataReader(ResultSet rset) {
-    return new RsetDataReader(dataTimeZone, rset);
+  public DataReader createDataReader(boolean unmodifiable, ResultSet rset) {
+    return new RsetDataReader(unmodifiable, dataTimeZone, rset);
  }

  /**
@@ -63,13 +63,6 @@ public final class CQueryPlanManager implements QueryPlanManager {
      while (req.hasNext()) {
        req.nextCapture();
      }
-      if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
-        // CHECKME: commit or rollback here?
-        // arguments for rollback: the collecting should never modify data.
-        // if there are collectors that may copy the plan into tables, it's up to the collector to
-        // commit the transaction.
-        connection.rollback();
-      }
      return req.plans();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      CoreLog.log.log(ERROR, "Error during query plan collection", e);
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ final class CQueryPlanRawSql extends CQueryPlan {
  }

  @Override
-  public DataReader createDataReader(ResultSet rset) {
-    return new RsetDataReaderIndexed(dataTimeZone, rset, rsetIndexPositions);
+  public DataReader createDataReader(boolean unmodifiable, ResultSet rset) {
+    return new RsetDataReaderIndexed(unmodifiable, dataTimeZone, rset, rsetIndexPositions);
  }

  private int[] createIndexPositions(OrmQueryRequest<?> request, SqlTree sqlTree) {
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ final class DefaultFetchGroupQuery<T> implements SpiFetchGroupQuery<T>, SpiQuery
  }

  @Override
-  public Query<T> setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
+  public Query<T> setUnmodifiable(boolean unmodifiable) {
    throw new RuntimeException("EB102: Only select() and fetch() clause is allowed on FetchGroup");
  }

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public final class DefaultOrmQueryEngine implements OrmQueryEngine {
  }

  @Override
-  public <T> BeanCollection<T> findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request) {
+  public <T> Object findMany(OrmQueryRequest<T> request) {
    flushJdbcBatchOnQuery(request);
    BeanFindController finder = request.finder();

@@ -129,22 +129,21 @@ public final class DefaultOrmQueryEngine implements OrmQueryEngine {
      result = finder.postProcessMany(request, result);
    }

-    SpiQuery<T> query = request.query();
    if (result != null && request.isBeanCachePutMany()) {
      // load the individual beans into the bean cache
      request.descriptor().cacheBeanPutAll(result.actualDetails());
    }

    request.mergeCacheHits(result);
-    if (request.isQueryCachePut()) {
-      // load the query result into the query cache
-      result.setReadOnly(true);
-      request.putToQueryCache(result);
-      if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(query.isReadOnly())) {
-        result = result.shallowCopy();
+    Object finalResult = result;
+    if (request.query().isUnmodifiable()) {
+      finalResult = result == null ? null : result.freeze();
+      if (request.isQueryCachePut()) {
+        // load the query result into the query cache
+        request.putToQueryCache(finalResult);
      }
    }
-    return result;
+    return finalResult;
  }

  /**
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public final class DefaultRelationalQueryEngine implements RelationalQueryEngine
        request.setDefaultFetchBuffer(defaultFetchSizeFindList);
      }
      request.executeSql(binder, SpiQuery.Type.ATTRIBUTE);
-      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(request.resultSet());
+      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(false, request.resultSet());
      T value = null;
      if (dataReader.next()) {
        value = scalarType.read(dataReader);
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public final class DefaultRelationalQueryEngine implements RelationalQueryEngine
        request.setDefaultFetchBuffer(defaultFetchSizeFindList);
      }
      request.executeSql(binder, SpiQuery.Type.ATTRIBUTE);
-      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(request.resultSet());
+      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(false, request.resultSet());
      List<T> rows = new ArrayList<>();
      while (dataReader.next()) {
        rows.add(scalarType.read(dataReader));
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ public final class DefaultRelationalQueryEngine implements RelationalQueryEngine
        request.setDefaultFetchBuffer(defaultFetchSizeFindEach);
      }
      request.executeSql(binder, SpiQuery.Type.ATTRIBUTE);
-      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(request.resultSet());
+      final DataReader dataReader = binder.createDataReader(false, request.resultSet());
      while (dataReader.next()) {
        consumer.accept(scalarType.read(dataReader));
      }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public interface STreePropertyAssocMany extends STreePropertyAssoc {
  BeanCollection<?> createReference(EntityBean localBean, boolean forceNewReference);

  /**
-   * Populate the collection for read-only disabled lazy loading (aka Java Collections non mutable empty collection).
+   * Populate the collection for read-only disabled lazy loading (aka Java Collections non-mutable empty collection).
   */
  void createEmptyReference(EntityBean localBean);

@@ -99,6 +99,11 @@ public interface STreeType {
   */
  void postLoad(Object localBean);

+  /**
+   * Freeze the properties of the entity.
+   */
+  void freeze(EntityBean entityBean);
+
  /**
   * Return the base table to use given the temporalMode.
   */
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ public final class SqlTreeBuilder {
   */
  private final boolean rawNoId;
  private final boolean disableLazyLoad;
-  private final boolean readOnly;
  private final SpiQuery.TemporalMode temporalMode;
  private final SqlTreeNode rootNode;
  private boolean sqlDistinct;
  private final boolean platformDistinctNoLobs;
  private final SqlTreeCommon common;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;

  /**
   * Construct for RawSql query.
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public final class SqlTreeBuilder {
    this.desc = request.descriptor();
    this.rawNoId = rawNoId;
    this.disableLazyLoad = request.query().isDisableLazyLoading();
-    this.readOnly = Boolean.TRUE.equals(request.query().isReadOnly());
+    this.unmodifiable = request.query().isUnmodifiable();
    this.query = null;
    this.subQuery = false;
    this.distinctOnPlatform = false;
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public final class SqlTreeBuilder {
    this.manyWhereJoins = null;
    this.alias = null;
    this.ctx = null;
-    this.common = new SqlTreeCommon(temporalMode, disableLazyLoad, readOnly, null);
+    this.common = new SqlTreeCommon(temporalMode, disableLazyLoad, unmodifiable, null);
    this.rootNode = buildRootNode(desc);
  }

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public final class SqlTreeBuilder {
    this.query = request.query();
    this.temporalMode = SpiQuery.TemporalMode.of(query);
    this.disableLazyLoad = query.isDisableLazyLoading();
-    this.readOnly = Boolean.TRUE.equals(query.isReadOnly());
+    this.unmodifiable = query.isUnmodifiable();
    this.subQuery = Type.SQ_EXISTS == query.type()
      || Type.SQ_EX == query.type()
      || Type.ID_LIST == query.type()
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public final class SqlTreeBuilder {
    this.alias = new SqlTreeAlias(request.baseTableAlias(), temporalMode);
    this.distinctOnPlatform = builder.isPlatformDistinctOn();
    this.platformDistinctNoLobs = builder.isPlatformDistinctNoLobs();
-    this.common = new SqlTreeCommon(temporalMode, disableLazyLoad, readOnly, includeJoin);
+    this.common = new SqlTreeCommon(temporalMode, disableLazyLoad, unmodifiable, includeJoin);
    this.rootNode = buildRootNode(desc);
    String fromForUpdate = builder.fromForUpdate(query);
    CQueryHistorySupport historySupport = builder.historySupport(query);
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ final class SqlTreeCommon {

  private final SpiQuery.TemporalMode temporalMode;
  private final boolean disableLazyLoad;
-  private final boolean readOnly;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;
  private final TableJoin includeJoin;

-  SqlTreeCommon(SpiQuery.TemporalMode temporalMode, boolean disableLazyLoad, boolean readOnly, TableJoin includeJoin) {
+  SqlTreeCommon(SpiQuery.TemporalMode temporalMode, boolean disableLazyLoad, boolean unmodifiable, TableJoin includeJoin) {
    this.temporalMode = temporalMode;
    this.disableLazyLoad = disableLazyLoad;
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
+    this.unmodifiable = unmodifiable;
    this.includeJoin = includeJoin;
  }

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ final class SqlTreeCommon {
    return disableLazyLoad;
  }

-  boolean readOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
+  boolean unmodifiable() {
+    return unmodifiable;
  }

  TableJoin includeJoin() {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {
  final boolean readId;
  private final boolean readIdNormal;
  private final boolean disableLazyLoad;
-  private final boolean readOnlyNoIntercept;
+  private final boolean unmodifiable;
  private final InheritInfo inheritInfo;
  final String prefix;
  private final Map<String, String> pathMap;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {
    this.readId = node.readId;
    this.readIdNormal = readId && !temporalVersions;
    this.disableLazyLoad = node.disableLazyLoad;
-    this.readOnlyNoIntercept = disableLazyLoad && node.readOnly;
+    this.unmodifiable = node.unmodifiable;
    this.partialObject = node.partialObject;
    this.properties = node.properties;
    this.pathMap = node.pathMap;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {
        localIdBinder = idBinder;
        localDesc = desc;
      } else {
-        localBean = localInfo.createEntityBean();
+        localBean = localInfo.createEntityBean(unmodifiable);
        localType = localInfo.getType();
        localIdBinder = localInfo.getIdBinder();
        localDesc = localInfo.desc();
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {

    void initBeanType() throws SQLException {
      localDesc = desc;
-      localBean = desc.createEntityBean2(readOnlyNoIntercept);
+      localBean = desc.createEntityBean2(unmodifiable);
      localIdBinder = idBinder;
    }

@@ -224,7 +224,6 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {

    private void initSqlLoadBean() {
      ctx.setCurrentPrefix(prefix, pathMap);
-      ctx.propagateState(localBean);
      sqlBeanLoad = new SqlBeanLoad(ctx, localType, localBean, queryMode);
    }

@@ -302,9 +301,7 @@ class SqlTreeLoadBean implements SqlTreeLoad {
      boolean forceNewReference = queryMode == Mode.REFRESH_BEAN;
      for (STreePropertyAssocMany many : localDesc.propsMany()) {
        if (many != loadingChildProperty) {
-          if (readOnlyNoIntercept) {
-            many.createEmptyReference(localBean);
-          } else {
+          if (!unmodifiable || ctx.includeSecondary(many.asMany())) {
            // create a proxy for the many (deferred fetching)
            BeanCollection<?> ref = many.createReference(localBean, forceNewReference);
            if (ref != null) {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class SqlTreeNodeBean implements SqlTreeNode {
  final boolean readId;
  final boolean readIdNormal;
  final boolean disableLazyLoad;
-  final boolean readOnly;
+  final boolean unmodifiable;
  final InheritInfo inheritInfo;
  final String prefix;
  final Map<String, String> pathMap;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class SqlTreeNodeBean implements SqlTreeNode {
    this.readId = !aggregationRoot && withId && desc.hasId();
    this.readIdNormal = readId && !temporalVersions;
    this.disableLazyLoad = common.disableLazyLoad() || !readIdNormal || desc.isRawSqlBased();
-    this.readOnly = common.readOnly();
+    this.unmodifiable = common.unmodifiable();
    this.partialObject = props.isPartialObject();
    this.properties = props.props();
    this.children = myChildren == null ? Collections.emptyList() : myChildren;
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
  private boolean usageProfiling = true;
  private CacheMode useBeanCache = CacheMode.AUTO;
  private CacheMode useQueryCache = CacheMode.OFF;
-  private Boolean readOnly;
+  private boolean unmodifiable;
  private PersistenceContextScope persistenceContextScope;

  /**
@@ -514,6 +514,10 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
    if (!useDocStore) {
      createExtraJoinsToSupportManyWhereClause();
    }
+    if (unmodifiable) {
+      disableLazyLoading = true;
+      persistenceContextScope = PersistenceContextScope.QUERY;
+    }
    return markQueryJoins();
  }

@@ -763,7 +767,7 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
    copy.nativeSql = nativeSql;
    copy.useBeanCache = useBeanCache;
    copy.useQueryCache = useQueryCache;
-    copy.readOnly = readOnly;
+    copy.unmodifiable = unmodifiable;
    if (detail != null) {
      copy.detail = detail.copy();
    }
@@ -1113,7 +1117,9 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
    if (allowLoadErrors) {
      sb.append("/ae");
    }
-    if (disableLazyLoading) {
+    if (unmodifiable) {
+      sb.append("/um");
+    } else if (disableLazyLoading) {
      sb.append("/dl");
    }
    if (baseTable != null) {
@@ -1277,14 +1283,14 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
  }

  @Override
-  public final Boolean isReadOnly() {
-    return readOnly;
+  public Query<T> setUnmodifiable(boolean unmodifiable) {
+    this.unmodifiable = unmodifiable;
+    return this;
  }

  @Override
-  public final Query<T> setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) {
-    this.readOnly = readOnly;
-    return this;
+  public boolean isUnmodifiable() {
+    return unmodifiable;
  }

  @Override
@@ -1328,6 +1334,9 @@ public class DefaultOrmQuery<T> extends AbstractQuery implements SpiQuery<T> {
  @Override
  public final Query<T> setUseQueryCache(CacheMode useQueryCache) {
    this.useQueryCache = useQueryCache;
+    if (CacheMode.OFF != useQueryCache) {
+      unmodifiable = true;
+    }
    return this;
  }

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import io.ebean.plugin.SpiServer;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiLogManager;
 import io.ebeaninternal.api.SpiProfileHandler;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.cluster.ClusterManager;
+import io.ebeaninternal.server.core.ClockService;
 import io.ebeaninternal.server.deploy.BeanDescriptorManager;
 import io.ebeanservice.docstore.api.DocStoreUpdateProcessor;

@@ -29,11 +30,13 @@ public final class TransactionManagerOptions {
  final SpiLogManager logManager;
  final TableModState tableModState;
  final ServerCacheNotify cacheNotify;
+  final ClockService clockService;
+

  public TransactionManagerOptions(SpiServer server, boolean notifyL2CacheInForeground, DatabaseBuilder.Settings config, TransactionScopeManager scopeManager,
                                   ClusterManager clusterManager, BackgroundExecutor backgroundExecutor, DocStoreUpdateProcessor docStoreUpdateProcessor,
                                   BeanDescriptorManager descMgr, DataSourceSupplier dataSourceSupplier, SpiProfileHandler profileHandler,
-                                   SpiLogManager logManager, TableModState tableModState, ServerCacheNotify cacheNotify) {
+                                   SpiLogManager logManager, TableModState tableModState, ServerCacheNotify cacheNotify, ClockService clockService) {
    this.server = server;
    this.notifyL2CacheInForeground = notifyL2CacheInForeground;
    this.config = config;
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ public final class TransactionManagerOptions {
    this.logManager = logManager;
    this.tableModState = tableModState;
    this.cacheNotify = cacheNotify;
+    this.clockService = clockService;
  }

 }
@@ -23,16 +23,23 @@ public class RsetDataReader implements DataReader {
  static final int clobBufferSize = 512;
  static final int stringInitialSize = 512;

+  private final boolean unmodifiable;
  private final DataTimeZone dataTimeZone;
  private final ResultSet rset;
  protected int pos;
  private String json;

-  public RsetDataReader(DataTimeZone dataTimeZone, ResultSet rset) {
+  public RsetDataReader(boolean unmodifiable, DataTimeZone dataTimeZone, ResultSet rset) {
+    this.unmodifiable = unmodifiable;
    this.dataTimeZone = dataTimeZone;
    this.rset = rset;
  }

+  @Override
+  public boolean unmodifiable() {
+    return unmodifiable;
+  }
+
  @Override
  public final void pushJson(String json) {
    this.json = json;
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public final class RsetDataReaderIndexed extends RsetDataReader {

  private final int[] rsetIndexPositions;

-  public RsetDataReaderIndexed(DataTimeZone dataTimeZone, ResultSet rset, int[] rsetIndexPositions) {
-    super(dataTimeZone, rset);
+  public RsetDataReaderIndexed(boolean unmodifiable, DataTimeZone dataTimeZone, ResultSet rset, int[] rsetIndexPositions) {
+    super(unmodifiable, dataTimeZone, rset);
    this.rsetIndexPositions = rsetIndexPositions;
  }

@@ -28,33 +28,33 @@ public class BeanDescriptorTest extends BaseTest {
  @Test
  public void createReference() {

-    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(null, false, 42, null);
+    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(false, false, 42, null);
    assertThat(bean.getId()).isEqualTo(42);
-    Assertions.assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isReadOnly()).isFalse();
+    assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isUnmodifiable()).isFalse();
  }

  @Test
  public void createReference_whenReadOnly() {

-    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(Boolean.TRUE, false, 42, null);
-    Assertions.assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isReadOnly()).isTrue();
+    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(true, false, 42, null);
+    assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isUnmodifiable()).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
  public void createReference_whenNotReadOnly() {

-    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(Boolean.FALSE, false, 42, null);
-    Assertions.assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isReadOnly()).isFalse();
+    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(false, false, 42, null);
+    assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isUnmodifiable()).isFalse();

    bean = customerDesc.createReference(42, null);
-    Assertions.assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isReadOnly()).isFalse();
+    assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isUnmodifiable()).isFalse();
  }

  @Test
  public void createReference_when_disabledLazyLoad() {

-    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(Boolean.FALSE, true, 42, null);
-    Assertions.assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isDisableLazyLoad()).isTrue();
+    Customer bean = customerDesc.createReference(false, true, 42, null);
+    assertThat(server().beanState(bean).isDisableLazyLoad()).isTrue();
  }

  @Test
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class BeanDescriptorTest extends BaseTest {

    BeanDescriptor<Animal> animalDesc = spiEbeanServer().descriptor(Animal.class);

-    Animal bean = animalDesc.createReference(Boolean.FALSE, false, dog.getId(), null);
+    Animal bean = animalDesc.createReference(false, false, dog.getId(), null);
    assertThat(bean.getId()).isEqualTo(dog.getId());
  }

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Rob Bygrave	d7366dec0f	Tidy readOnly removal	2025-03-18 20:59:04 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	ceee1d7489	Remove readOnly from Query	2025-03-18 20:49:26 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	1b23319fa4	Remove readOnly from EntityBeanIntercept and BeanCollection	2025-03-18 20:32:22 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	6f726973ea	Remove most internal use of readOnly	2025-03-18 19:53:13 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	82284b19d5	Bean cache sharable instances as unmodifiable + bean cache queries can also be unmodifiable Entities without any relationships can support "sharable instances" with bean caching. This change restores that and uses unmodifiable instances (rather than the old ReadOnly). Currently, for a query to get shared instances it now needs to explicitly use setUnmodifiable(true) where as before it defaulted to shared instances so that is a behaviour change. Additionally, bean cache queries were not honouring setUnmodifiable(true) and with these changes they now do.	2025-03-16 23:19:54 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	798d01abd1	LazyInitialisationException, plus javadoc	2025-03-16 21:12:25 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	5136a5a708	Support unmodifiable Embedded and EmbeddedId	2025-03-13 22:52:45 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	fa25d7cc8a	Using Query Cache now implies unmodifiable - Query Cache now holds unmodifiable collections - Can no longer have readOnly=false with queryCache=true - Reference beans now also honor unmodifiable - Effectively no longer does bean cache lookup for reference beans (which it defaulted to when cacheSharableBeans true, e.g. Country entity bean)	2025-03-11 23:50:34 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	8ff5f7f72a	Recursive freeze on entity beans Noting that the freeze needs to occur after secondary queries have executed	2025-02-26 00:00:07 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	71944bb8fa	Rename flags -> loaded, add message with property name to UnmodifiableEntityException	2025-02-23 22:25:46 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	24888fc01e	Change InterceptReadWrite to use UnmodifiableEntityException Add unmodified to DefaultOrmQuery query plan description Fix incorrect merge conflict	2025-02-21 22:24:48 +13:00
Rob BygraveandGitHub	645d5bb613	Merge branch 'master' into feature/improved-readOnly-immutable	2025-02-21 22:08:38 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	4a6f1a39e0	Add UnloadedPropertyException and UnmodifiableEntityException, change existing use of IllegalStateException - Adds new exceptions UnloadedPropertyException and UnmodifiableEntityException - Change InterceptReadOnly to use these exception instead of IllegalStateException - Change collections BeanSet, BeanList, BeanMap from using IllegalStateException to UnsupportedOperationException [to bring these in line with JDK unmodifiable collections]	2025-02-21 22:05:49 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	1fef4f7c11	Add explicit query.setUnmodifiable(true) [for readOnly=true + disableLazyLoad=true] Although this is ok, makes me think that another option is just to have query.setReadOnly(true) to mean ... readOnly + disableLazyLoad + error reading unloaded property or collection. As in, readOnly true without these extra things does not that good [as in the existing readOnly does not seem very good/safe/useful to use].	2024-11-20 23:01:59 +13:00
Rob Bygrave	e6f92eaceb	ReadOnly Immutable query WIP	2024-10-24 16:02:50 +13:00