goreplay/settings.go

package main

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
	"regexp"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

var DEMO string

// MultiOption allows to specify multiple flags with same name and collects all values into array
type MultiOption []string

func (h *MultiOption) String() string {
	return fmt.Sprint(*h)
}

// Set gets called multiple times for each flag with same name
func (h *MultiOption) Set(value string) error {
	*h = append(*h, value)
	return nil
}

type InputRAWConfig struct {
	Engine        string        `json:"input-raw-engine"`
	TrackResponse bool          `json:"input-raw-track-response"`
	RealIPHeader  string        `json:"input-raw-realip-header"`
	Expire        time.Duration `json:"input-raw-expire"`
	Protocol      string        `json:"input-raw-protocol"`
	BpfFilter     string        `json:"input-raw-bpf-filter"`
	TimestampType string        `json:"input-raw-timestamp-type"`

	ImmediateMode   bool `json:"input-raw-immediate-mode"`
	BufferSize      int64
	OverrideSnapLen bool   `json:"input-raw-override-snaplen"`
	BufferSizeFlag  string `json:"input-raw-buffer-size"`
}

// AppSettings is the struct of main configuration
type AppSettings struct {
	Verbose   bool          `json:"verbose"`
	Debug     bool          `json:"debug"`
	Stats     bool          `json:"stats"`
	ExitAfter time.Duration `json:"exit-after"`

	SplitOutput          bool   `json:"split-output"`
	RecognizeTCPSessions bool   `json:"recognize-tcp-sessions"`
	Pprof                string `json:"http-pprof"`

	InputDummy   MultiOption `json:"input-dummy"`
	OutputDummy  MultiOption
	OutputStdout bool `json:"output-stdout"`
	OutputNull   bool `json:"output-null"`

	InputTCP        MultiOption `json:"input-tcp"`
	InputTCPConfig  TCPInputConfig
	OutputTCP       MultiOption `json:"output-tcp"`
	OutputTCPConfig TCPOutputConfig
	OutputTCPStats  bool `json:"output-tcp-stats"`

	InputFile        MultiOption `json:"input-file"`
	InputFileLoop    bool        `json:"input-file-loop"`
	OutputFile       MultiOption `json:"output-file"`
	OutputFileConfig FileOutputConfig

	InputRAW       MultiOption `json:"input_raw"`
	InputRAWConfig InputRAWConfig

	copyBufferSize int64

	OutputFileSizeFlag    string `json:"output-file-size-limit"`
	OutputFileMaxSizeFlag string `json:"output-file-max-size-limit"`
	CopyBufferSizeFlag    string `json:"copy-buffer-size"`

	Middleware string `json:"middleware"`

	InputHTTP    MultiOption
	OutputHTTP   MultiOption `json:"output-http"`
	PrettifyHTTP bool        `json:"prettify-http"`

	OutputHTTPConfig HTTPOutputConfig

	OutputBinary       MultiOption `json:"output-binary"`
	OutputBinaryConfig BinaryOutputConfig

	ModifierConfig HTTPModifierConfig

	InputKafkaConfig  InputKafkaConfig
	OutputKafkaConfig OutputKafkaConfig
}

// Settings holds Gor configuration
var Settings AppSettings

func usage() {
	fmt.Printf("Gor is a simple http traffic replication tool written in Go. Its main goal is to replay traffic from production servers to staging and dev environments.\nProject page: https://github.com/buger/gor\nAuthor: <Leonid Bugaev> leonsbox@gmail.com\nCurrent Version: v%s\n\n", VERSION)
	flag.PrintDefaults()
	os.Exit(2)
}

func init() {
	flag.Usage = usage

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.Pprof, "http-pprof", "", "Enable profiling. Starts  http server on specified port, exposing special /debug/pprof endpoint. Example: `:8181`")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.Verbose, "verbose", false, "Turn on more verbose output")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.Debug, "debug", false, "Turn on debug output, shows all intercepted traffic. Works only when with `verbose` flag")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.Stats, "stats", false, "Turn on queue stats output")

	if DEMO == "" {
		flag.DurationVar(&Settings.ExitAfter, "exit-after", 0, "exit after specified duration")
	} else {
		Settings.ExitAfter = 5 * time.Minute
	}

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.SplitOutput, "split-output", false, "By default each output gets same traffic. If set to `true` it splits traffic equally among all outputs.")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.RecognizeTCPSessions, "recognize-tcp-sessions", false, "[PRO] If turned on http output will create separate worker for each TCP session. Splitting output will session based as well.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.InputDummy, "input-dummy", "Used for testing outputs. Emits 'Get /' request every 1s")
	flag.Var(&Settings.OutputDummy, "output-dummy", "DEPRECATED: use --output-stdout instead")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputStdout, "output-stdout", false, "Used for testing inputs. Just prints to console data coming from inputs.")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputNull, "output-null", false, "Used for testing inputs. Drops all requests.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.InputTCP, "input-tcp", "Used for internal communication between Gor instances. Example: \n\t# Receive requests from other Gor instances on 28020 port, and redirect output to staging\n\tgor --input-tcp :28020 --output-http staging.com")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputTCPConfig.Secure, "input-tcp-secure", false, "Turn on TLS security. Do not forget to specify certificate and key files.")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputTCPConfig.CertificatePath, "input-tcp-certificate", "", "Path to PEM encoded certificate file. Used when TLS turned on.")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputTCPConfig.KeyPath, "input-tcp-certificate-key", "", "Path to PEM encoded certificate key file. Used when TLS turned on.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.OutputTCP, "output-tcp", "Used for internal communication between Gor instances. Example: \n\t# Listen for requests on 80 port and forward them to other Gor instance on 28020 port\n\tgor --input-raw :80 --output-tcp replay.local:28020")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputTCPConfig.Secure, "output-tcp-secure", false, "Use TLS secure connection. --input-file on another end should have TLS turned on as well.")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputTCPConfig.Sticky, "output-tcp-sticky", false, "Use Sticky connection. Request/Response with same ID will be sent to the same connection.")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputTCPStats, "output-tcp-stats", false, "Report TCP output queue stats to console every 5 seconds.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.InputFile, "input-file", "Read requests from file: \n\tgor --input-file ./requests.gor --output-http staging.com")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputFileLoop, "input-file-loop", false, "Loop input files, useful for performance testing.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.OutputFile, "output-file", "Write incoming requests to file: \n\tgor --input-raw :80 --output-file ./requests.gor")
	flag.DurationVar(&Settings.OutputFileConfig.FlushInterval, "output-file-flush-interval", time.Second, "Interval for forcing buffer flush to the file, default: 1s.")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputFileConfig.Append, "output-file-append", false, "The flushed chunk is appended to existence file or not. ")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputFileSizeFlag, "output-file-size-limit", "32mb", "Size of each chunk. Default: 32mb")
	flag.Int64Var(&Settings.OutputFileConfig.QueueLimit, "output-file-queue-limit", 256, "The length of the chunk queue. Default: 256")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputFileMaxSizeFlag, "output-file-max-size-limit", "1TB", "Max size of output file, Default: 1TB")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputFileConfig.BufferPath, "output-file-buffer", "/tmp", "The path for temporary storing current buffer: \n\tgor --input-raw :80 --output-file s3://mybucket/logs/%Y-%m-%d.gz --output-file-buffer /mnt/logs")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.PrettifyHTTP, "prettify-http", false, "If enabled, will automatically decode requests and responses with: Content-Encoding: gzip and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. Useful for debugging, in conjuction with --output-stdout")

	flag.Var(&Settings.InputRAW, "input-raw", "Capture traffic from given port (use RAW sockets and require *sudo* access):\n\t# Capture traffic from 8080 port\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.TrackResponse, "input-raw-track-response", false, "If turned on Gor will track responses in addition to requests, and they will be available to middleware and file output.")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.Engine, "input-raw-engine", "libpcap", "Intercept traffic using `libpcap` (default), and `raw_socket`")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.Protocol, "input-raw-protocol", "http", "Specify application protocol of intercepted traffic. Possible values: http, binary")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.RealIPHeader, "input-raw-realip-header", "", "If not blank, injects header with given name and real IP value to the request payload. Usually this header should be named: X-Real-IP")

	flag.DurationVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.Expire, "input-raw-expire", time.Second*2, "How much it should wait for the last TCP packet, till consider that TCP message complete.")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.BpfFilter, "input-raw-bpf-filter", "", "BPF filter to write custom expressions. Can be useful in case of non standard network interfaces like tunneling or SPAN port. Example: --input-raw-bpf-filter 'dst port 80'")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.TimestampType, "input-raw-timestamp-type", "", "Possible values: PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST, PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST_LOWPREC, PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST_HIPREC, PCAP_TSTAMP_ADAPTER, PCAP_TSTAMP_ADAPTER_UNSYNCED. This values not supported on all systems, GoReplay will tell you available values of you put wrong one.")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.CopyBufferSizeFlag, "copy-buffer-size", "5mb", "Set the buffer size for an individual request (default 5MB)")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.OverrideSnapLen, "input-raw-override-snaplen", false, "Override the capture snaplen to be 64k. Required for some Virtualized environments")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.ImmediateMode, "input-raw-immediate-mode", false, "Set pcap interface to immediate mode.")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputRAWConfig.BufferSizeFlag, "input-raw-buffer-size", "0", "Controls size of the OS buffer which holds packets until they dispatched. Default value depends by system: in Linux around 2MB. If you see big package drop, increase this value.")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.Middleware, "middleware", "", "Used for modifying traffic using external command")

	// flag.Var(&Settings.inputHTTP, "input-http", "Read requests from HTTP, should be explicitly sent from your application:\n\t# Listen for http on 9000\n\tgor --input-http :9000 --output-http staging.com")

	flag.Var(&Settings.OutputHTTP, "output-http", "Forwards incoming requests to given http address.\n\t# Redirect all incoming requests to staging.com address \n\tgor --input-raw :80 --output-http http://staging.com")

	/* outputHTTPConfig */
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.BufferSize, "output-http-response-buffer", 0, "HTTP response buffer size, all data after this size will be discarded.")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.CompatibilityMode, "output-http-compatibility-mode", false, "Use standard Go client, instead of built-in implementation. Can be slower, but more compatible.")

	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.WorkersMin, "output-http-workers-min", 0, "Gor uses dynamic worker scaling. Enter a number to set a minimum number of workers. default = 1.")
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.WorkersMax, "output-http-workers", 0, "Gor uses dynamic worker scaling. Enter a number to set a maximum number of workers. default = 0 = unlimited.")
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.QueueLen, "output-http-queue-len", 1000, "Number of requests that can be queued for output, if all workers are busy. default = 1000")

	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.RedirectLimit, "output-http-redirect-limit", 0, "Enable how often redirects should be followed.")
	flag.DurationVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.Timeout, "output-http-timeout", 5*time.Second, "Specify HTTP request/response timeout. By default 5s. Example: --output-http-timeout 30s")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.TrackResponses, "output-http-track-response", false, "If turned on, HTTP output responses will be set to all outputs like stdout, file and etc.")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.Stats, "output-http-stats", false, "Report http output queue stats to console every N milliseconds. See output-http-stats-ms")
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.StatsMs, "output-http-stats-ms", 5000, "Report http output queue stats to console every N milliseconds. default: 5000")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.OriginalHost, "output-http-original-host", false, "Normally gor replaces the Host http header with the Host supplied with --output-http.  This option disables that behavior, preserving the original Host header.")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.Debug, "output-http-debug", false, "Enables http debug output.")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputHTTPConfig.ElasticSearch, "output-http-elasticsearch", "", "Send request and response stats to ElasticSearch:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --output-http-elasticsearch 'es_host:api_port/index_name'")
	/* outputHTTPConfig */

	flag.Var(&Settings.OutputBinary, "output-binary", "Forwards incoming binary payloads to given address.\n\t# Redirect all incoming requests to staging.com address \n\tgor --input-raw :80 --input-raw-protocol binary --output-binary staging.com:80")
	/* outputBinaryConfig */
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputBinaryConfig.BufferSize, "output-tcp-response-buffer", 0, "TCP response buffer size, all data after this size will be discarded.")
	flag.IntVar(&Settings.OutputBinaryConfig.Workers, "output-binary-workers", 0, "Gor uses dynamic worker scaling by default.  Enter a number to run a set number of workers.")
	flag.DurationVar(&Settings.OutputBinaryConfig.Timeout, "output-binary-timeout", 0, "Specify HTTP request/response timeout. By default 5s. Example: --output-binary-timeout 30s")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputBinaryConfig.TrackResponses, "output-binary-track-response", false, "If turned on, Binary output responses will be set to all outputs like stdout, file and etc.")

	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputBinaryConfig.Debug, "output-binary-debug", false, "Enables binary debug output.")
	/* outputBinaryConfig */

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputKafkaConfig.Host, "output-kafka-host", "", "Read request and response stats from Kafka:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-kafka-Host '192.168.0.1:9092,192.168.0.2:9092'")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.OutputKafkaConfig.Topic, "output-kafka-topic", "", "Read request and response stats from Kafka:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-kafka-Topic 'kafka-log'")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.OutputKafkaConfig.UseJSON, "output-kafka-json-format", false, "If turned on, it will serialize messages from GoReplay text format to JSON.")

	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputKafkaConfig.Host, "input-kafka-host", "", "Send request and response stats to Kafka:\n\tgor --output-stdout --input-kafka-Host '192.168.0.1:9092,192.168.0.2:9092'")
	flag.StringVar(&Settings.InputKafkaConfig.Topic, "input-kafka-topic", "", "Send request and response stats to Kafka:\n\tgor --output-stdout --input-kafka-Topic 'kafka-log'")
	flag.BoolVar(&Settings.InputKafkaConfig.UseJSON, "input-kafka-json-format", false, "If turned on, it will assume that messages coming in JSON format rather than  GoReplay text format.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.Headers, "http-set-header", "Inject additional headers to http reqest:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-set-header 'User-Agent: Gor'")
	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.Headers, "output-http-header", "WARNING: `--output-http-header` DEPRECATED, use `--http-set-header` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderRewrite, "http-rewrite-header", "Rewrite the request header based on a mapping:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-rewrite-header Host: (.*).example.com,$1.beta.example.com")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.Params, "http-set-param", "Set request url param, if param already exists it will be overwritten:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-set-param api_key=1")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.Methods, "http-allow-method", "Whitelist of HTTP methods to replay. Anything else will be dropped:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-method GET --http-allow-method OPTIONS")
	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.Methods, "output-http-method", "WARNING: `--output-http-method` DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-method` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.UrlRegexp, "http-allow-url", "A regexp to match requests against. Filter get matched against full url with domain. Anything else will be dropped:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-url ^www.")
	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.UrlRegexp, "output-http-url-regexp", "WARNING: `--output-http-url-regexp` DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-url` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.UrlNegativeRegexp, "http-disallow-url", "A regexp to match requests against. Filter get matched against full url with domain. Anything else will be forwarded:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-disallow-url ^www.")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.UrlRewrite, "http-rewrite-url", "Rewrite the request url based on a mapping:\n\tgor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-rewrite-url /v1/user/([^\\/]+)/ping:/v2/user/$1/ping")
	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.UrlRewrite, "output-http-rewrite-url", "WARNING: `--output-http-rewrite-url` DEPRECATED, use `--http-rewrite-url` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderFilters, "http-allow-header", "A regexp to match a specific header against. Requests with non-matching headers will be dropped:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-header api-version:^v1")
	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderFilters, "output-http-header-filter", "WARNING: `--output-http-header-filter` DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-header` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderNegativeFilters, "http-disallow-header", "A regexp to match a specific header against. Requests with matching headers will be dropped:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-disallow-header \"User-Agent: Replayed by Gor\"")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderBasicAuthFilters, "http-basic-auth-filter", "A regexp to match the decoded basic auth string against. Requests with non-matching headers will be dropped:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-basic-auth-filter \"^customer[0-9].*\"")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderHashFilters, "http-header-limiter", "Takes a fraction of requests, consistently taking or rejecting a request based on the FNV32-1A hash of a specific header:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-header-limiter user-id:25%")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.HeaderHashFilters, "output-http-header-hash-filter", "WARNING: `output-http-header-hash-filter` DEPRECATED, use `--http-header-hash-limiter` instead")

	flag.Var(&Settings.ModifierConfig.ParamHashFilters, "http-param-limiter", "Takes a fraction of requests, consistently taking or rejecting a request based on the FNV32-1A hash of a specific GET param:\n\t gor --input-raw :8080 --output-http staging.com --http-param-limiter user_id:25%")

	// default values, using for tests
	Settings.OutputFileConfig.sizeLimit = 33554432
	Settings.OutputFileConfig.outputFileMaxSize = 1099511627776
	Settings.copyBufferSize = 5242880
	Settings.InputRAWConfig.BufferSize = 0

}

func checkSettings() {
	outputFileSize, err := bufferParser(Settings.OutputFileSizeFlag, "32MB")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("output-file-size-limit error: %v\n", err)
	}
	Settings.OutputFileConfig.sizeLimit = outputFileSize

	outputFileMaxSize, err := bufferParser(Settings.OutputFileMaxSizeFlag, "1TB")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("output-file-max-size-limit error: %v\n", err)
	}
	Settings.OutputFileConfig.outputFileMaxSize = outputFileMaxSize

	copyBufferSize, err := bufferParser(Settings.CopyBufferSizeFlag, "5mb")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("copy-buffer-size error: %v\n", err)
	}
	Settings.copyBufferSize = copyBufferSize

	inputRAWBufferSize, err := bufferParser(Settings.InputRAWConfig.BufferSizeFlag, "0")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("input-raw-buffer-size error: %v\n", err)
	}
	Settings.InputRAWConfig.BufferSize = inputRAWBufferSize

	// libpcap has bug in mac os x. More info: https://github.com/buger/goreplay/issues/730
	if Settings.InputRAWConfig.Expire == time.Second*2 && runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
		Settings.InputRAWConfig.Expire = time.Second
	}
}

var previousDebugTime = time.Now()
var debugMutex sync.Mutex
var pID = os.Getpid()

// Debug take an effect only if --verbose flag specified
func Debug(args ...interface{}) {
	if Settings.Verbose {
		debugMutex.Lock()
		defer debugMutex.Unlock()
		now := time.Now()
		diff := now.Sub(previousDebugTime).String()
		previousDebugTime = now
		fmt.Printf("[DEBUG][PID %d][%s][elapsed %s] ", pID, now.Format(time.StampNano), diff)
		fmt.Println(args...)
	}
}

// the following regexes follow Go semantics https://golang.org/ref/spec#Letters_and_digits
var (
	rB   = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(?:0b|0x|0o)?[\da-f_]+$`)
	rKB  = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(?:0b|0x|0o)?[\da-f_]+kb$`)
	rMB  = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(?:0b|0x|0o)?[\da-f_]+mb$`)
	rGB  = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(?:0b|0x|0o)?[\da-f_]+gb$`)
	rTB  = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(?:0b|0x|0o)?[\da-f_]+tb$`)
	empt = regexp.MustCompile(`^[\n\t\r 0.\f\a]*$`)
)

// bufferParser parses buffer to bytes from different bases and data units
// size is the buffer in string, rpl act as a replacement for empty buffer.
// e.g: (--output-file-size-limit "") may override default 32mb with empty buffer,
// which can be solved by setting rpl by bufferParser(buffer, "32mb")
func bufferParser(size, rpl string) (buffer int64, err error) {
	const (
		_ = 1 << (iota * 10)
		KB
		MB
		GB
		TB
	)

	var (
		lmt = len(size) - 2
		s   = []byte(size)
	)

	if empt.Match(s) {
		size = rpl
		s = []byte(size)
	}

	// recover, especially when buffer size overflows int64 i.e ~8019PBs
	defer func() {
		if e, ok := recover().(error); ok {
			err = e.(error)
		}
	}()

	switch {
	case rB.Match(s):
		buffer, err = strconv.ParseInt(size, 0, 64)
	case rKB.Match(s):
		buffer, err = strconv.ParseInt(size[:lmt], 0, 64)
		buffer *= KB
	case rMB.Match(s):
		buffer, err = strconv.ParseInt(size[:lmt], 0, 64)
		buffer *= MB
	case rGB.Match(s):
		buffer, err = strconv.ParseInt(size[:lmt], 0, 64)
		buffer *= GB
	case rTB.Match(s):
		buffer, err = strconv.ParseInt(size[:lmt], 0, 64)
		buffer *= TB
	default:
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid buffer %q", size)
	}
	return
}