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<link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon.ico"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta property="og:title" content="Arthas"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas - alibaba/arthas: Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas"><meta property="og:image" content="/images/arthas_mate_image.png"><meta property="og:description" content="Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas - alibaba/arthas: Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="600"><meta property="twitter:image:src" content="/images/arthas_mate_image.png"><meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas - alibaba/arthas: Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas"><meta itemprop="name" content="Arthas"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/arthas_mate_image.png"><meta itemprop="description" content="Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas - alibaba/arthas: Alibaba Java Diagnostic Tool Arthas/Alibaba Java诊断利器Arthas"><script>
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viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/doc/contact-us.md" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="QQ群/钉钉群"><!--[--><!--]--> QQ群/钉钉群 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page" data-v-fdd717e0><!--[--><!--]--><div class="right-menu-padding theme-default-content" data-v-fdd717e0><!--[--><!--]--><div class="right-menu-wrapper" data-v-fdd717e0 data-v-2b64a081><div class="right-menu-margin" data-v-2b64a081><div class="right-menu-title" data-v-2b64a081>目录</div><div class="right-menu-content" data-v-2b64a081><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><div data-v-fdd717e0><h1 id="trace" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trace" aria-hidden="true">#</a> trace</h1><p><a href="https://arthas.aliyun.com/doc/arthas-tutorials.html?language=cn&id=command-trace" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>trace</code>在线教程<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span></a></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>方法内部调用路径，并输出方法路径上的每个节点上耗时</p></div><p><code>trace</code> 命令能主动搜索 <code>class-pattern</code>／<code>method-pattern</code> 对应的方法调用路径，渲染和统计整个调用链路上的所有性能开销和追踪调用链路。</p><h2 id="参数说明" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#参数说明" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 参数说明</h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:right;">参数名称</th><th style="text-align:left;">参数说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><em>class-pattern</em></td><td style="text-align:left;">类名表达式匹配</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><em>method-pattern</em></td><td style="text-align:left;">方法名表达式匹配</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><em>condition-express</em></td><td style="text-align:left;">条件表达式</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;">[E]</td><td style="text-align:left;">开启正则表达式匹配，默认为通配符匹配</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><code>[n:]</code></td><td style="text-align:left;">命令执行次数</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;"><code>#cost</code></td><td style="text-align:left;">方法执行耗时</td></tr></tbody></table><p>这里重点要说明的是观察表达式，观察表达式的构成主要由 ognl 表达式组成，所以你可以这样写<code>"{params,returnObj}"</code>，只要是一个合法的 ognl 表达式，都能被正常支持。</p><p>观察的维度也比较多，主要体现在参数 <code>advice</code> 的数据结构上。<code>Advice</code> 参数最主要是封装了通知节点的所有信息。</p><p>请参考<a href="/doc/advice-class.html" class="">表达式核心变量</a>中关于该节点的描述。</p><ul><li>特殊用法请参考：<a href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/71" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/71<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span></a></li><li>OGNL 表达式官网：<a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-ognl/language-guide.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-ognl/language-guide.html<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span></a></li></ul><p>很多时候我们只想看到某个方法的 rt 大于某个时间之后的 trace 结果，现在 Arthas 可以按照方法执行的耗时来进行过滤了，例如<code>trace *StringUtils isBlank '#cost>100'</code>表示当执行时间超过 100ms 的时候，才会输出 trace 的结果。</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>watch/stack/trace 这个三个命令都支持<code>#cost</code></p></div><h2 id="注意事项" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#注意事项" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 注意事项</h2><ul><li><p><code>trace</code> 能方便的帮助你定位和发现因 RT 高而导致的性能问题缺陷，但其每次只能跟踪一级方法的调用链路。</p><p>参考：<a href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/597" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Trace 命令的实现原理<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span></a></p></li><li><p>3.3.0 版本后，可以使用动态 Trace 功能，不断增加新的匹配类，参考下面的示例。</p></li><li><p>目前不支持 <code>trace java.lang.Thread getName</code>，参考 issue: <a href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/issues/1610" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#1610<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span></a> ，考虑到不是非常必要场景，且修复有一定难度，因此当前暂不修复</p></li></ul><h2 id="使用参考" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用参考" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用参考</h2><h3 id="启动-demo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#启动-demo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 启动 Demo</h3><p>启动<a href="/doc/quick-start.html" class="">快速入门</a>里的<code>math-game</code>。</p><h3 id="trace-函数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trace-函数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> trace 函数</h3><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace demo.MathGame run
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">28</span> ms.
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||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2019</span>-12-04 00:45:08<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.617465ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.078946ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
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||
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2019</span>-12-04 00:45:09<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher<span class="token variable">$AppClassLoader</span>@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>.276874ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.03752ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>结果里的 <code>#24</code>，表示在 run 函数里，在源文件的第<code>24</code>行调用了<code>primeFactors()</code>函数。</p></div><h3 id="trace-次数限制" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trace-次数限制" aria-hidden="true">#</a> trace 次数限制</h3><p>如果方法调用的次数很多，那么可以用<code>-n</code>参数指定捕捉结果的次数。比如下面的例子里，捕捉到一次调用就退出命令。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace demo.MathGame run <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">20</span> ms.
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2019</span>-12-04 00:45:53<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.549379ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.059839ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24</span>
|
||
`---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.232887ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#25</span>
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||
|
||
Command execution <span class="token builtin class-name">times</span> exceed limit: <span class="token number">1</span>, so <span class="token builtin class-name">command</span> will exit. You can <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> it with <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> option.
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="包含-jdk-的函数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#包含-jdk-的函数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 包含 jdk 的函数</h3><ul><li><code>--skipJDKMethod <value> </code> skip jdk method trace, default value true.</li></ul><p>默认情况下，trace 不会包含 jdk 里的函数调用，如果希望 trace jdk 里的函数，需要显式设置<code>--skipJDKMethod false</code>。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace <span class="token parameter variable">--skipJDKMethod</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> demo.MathGame run
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">60</span> ms.
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2019</span>-12-04 00:44:41<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>.357742ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.028624ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.util.Random:nextInt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#23</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.045534ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.005372ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:<span class="token operator"><</span>init<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.012257ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.Integer:valueOf<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.234537ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.String:format<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.004539ms,max<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.005778ms,total<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.010317ms,count<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:append<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.013777ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.Exception:getMessage<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.004935ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:toString<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.06941ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.io.PrintStream:println<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2019</span>-12-04 00:44:42<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher<span class="token variable">$AppClassLoader</span>@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span>.030432ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.010473ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.util.Random:nextInt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#23</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.023715ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.005198ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:<span class="token operator"><</span>init<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.006405ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.Integer:valueOf<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.178583ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.String:format<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.011636ms,max<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.838077ms,total<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.849713ms,count<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:append<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.008747ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.Exception:getMessage<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.019768ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:toString<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.076457ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.io.PrintStream:println<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="据调用耗时过滤" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#据调用耗时过滤" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 据调用耗时过滤</h3><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace demo.MathGame run <span class="token string">'#cost > 10'</span>
|
||
Press Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">41</span> ms.
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2018</span>-12-04 01:12:02<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">12</span>.033735ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.006783ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.util.Random:nextInt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">11</span>.852594ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
`---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.05447ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>只会展示耗时大于 10ms 的调用路径，有助于在排查问题的时候，只关注异常情况</p></div><ul><li>是不是很眼熟，没错，在 JProfiler 等收费软件中你曾经见识类似的功能，这里你将可以通过命令就能打印出指定调用路径。 友情提醒下，<code>trace</code> 在执行的过程中本身是会有一定的性能开销，在统计的报告中并未像 JProfiler 一样预先减去其自身的统计开销。所以这统计出来有些许的不准，渲染路径上调用的类、方法越多，性能偏差越大。但还是能让你看清一些事情的。</li><li>[12.033735ms] 的含义，<code>12.033735</code> 的含义是：当前节点在当前步骤的耗时，单位为毫秒</li><li>[0,0,0ms,11]xxx:yyy() [throws Exception]，对该方法中相同的方法调用进行了合并，<code>0,0,0ms,11</code> 表示方法调用耗时，<code>min,max,total,count</code>；<code>throws Exception</code> 表明该方法调用中存在异常返回</li><li>这里存在一个统计不准确的问题，就是所有方法耗时加起来可能会小于该监测方法的总耗时，这个是由于 Arthas 本身的逻辑会有一定的耗时</li></ul><h3 id="trace-多个类或者多个函数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trace-多个类或者多个函数" aria-hidden="true">#</a> trace 多个类或者多个函数</h3><p>trace 命令只会 trace 匹配到的函数里的子调用，并不会向下 trace 多层。因为 trace 是代价比较贵的，多层 trace 可能会导致最终要 trace 的类和函数非常多。</p><p>可以用正则表匹配路径上的多个类和函数，一定程度上达到多层 trace 的效果。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>trace <span class="token parameter variable">-E</span> com.test.ClassA<span class="token operator">|</span>org.test.ClassB method1<span class="token operator">|</span>method2<span class="token operator">|</span>method3
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="排除掉指定的类" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#排除掉指定的类" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 排除掉指定的类</h3><p>使用 <code>--exclude-class-pattern</code> 参数可以排除掉指定的类，比如：</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>trace javax.servlet.Filter * --exclude-class-pattern com.demo.TestFilter
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="动态-trace" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#动态-trace" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 动态 trace</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>3.3.0 版本后支持。</p></div><p>打开终端 1，trace 上面 demo 里的<code>run</code>函数，可以看到打印出 <code>listenerId: 1</code>：</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>arthas@59161<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ trace demo.MathGame run
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class count: <span class="token number">1</span> , method count: <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">112</span> ms, listenerId: <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2020</span>-07-09 <span class="token number">16</span>:48:11<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>.389634ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.123934ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2020</span>-07-09 <span class="token number">16</span>:48:12<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher<span class="token variable">$AppClassLoader</span>@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span>.716391ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span>.182813ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.167786ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#25</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>现在想要深入子函数<code>primeFactors</code>，可以打开一个新终端 2，使用<code>telnet localhost 3658</code>连接上 arthas，再 trace <code>primeFactors</code>时，指定<code>listenerId</code>。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>arthas@59161<span class="token punctuation">]</span>$ trace demo.MathGame primeFactors <span class="token parameter variable">--listenerId</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class count: <span class="token number">1</span> , method count: <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">34</span> ms, listenerId: <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>这时终端 2 打印的结果，说明已经增强了一个函数：<code>Affect(class count: 1 , method count: 1)</code>，但不再打印更多的结果。</p><p>再查看终端 1，可以发现 trace 的结果增加了一层，打印了<code>primeFactors</code>函数里的内容：</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2020</span>-07-09 <span class="token number">16</span>:49:29<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.492551ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.113929ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.061462ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.001018ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> throw:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#46</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2020</span>-07-09 <span class="token number">16</span>:49:30<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher<span class="token variable">$AppClassLoader</span>@3d4eac69
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.409446ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.232606ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24</span>
|
||
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.1294ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
`---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.084025ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#25</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>通过指定<code>listenerId</code>的方式动态 trace，可以不断深入。另外 <code>watch</code>/<code>tt</code>/<code>monitor</code>等命令也支持类似的功能。</p><h2 id="trace-结果时间不准确问题" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trace-结果时间不准确问题" aria-hidden="true">#</a> trace 结果时间不准确问题</h2><p>比如下面的结果里：<code>0.705196 > (0.152743 + 0.145825)</code></p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace demo.MathGame run <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class count: <span class="token number">1</span> , method count: <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">66</span> ms, listenerId: <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2021</span>-02-08 <span class="token number">11</span>:27:36<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@232204a1
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.705196ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.152743ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24</span>
|
||
`---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.145825ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#25</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>那么其它的时间消耗在哪些地方？</p><ol><li><p>没有被 trace 到的函数。比如<code>java.*</code> 下的函数调用默认会忽略掉。通过增加<code>--skipJDKMethod false</code>参数可以打印出来。</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ trace demo.MathGame run <span class="token parameter variable">--skipJDKMethod</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
|
||
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
|
||
Affect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>class count: <span class="token number">1</span> , method count: <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> cost <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">35</span> ms, listenerId: <span class="token number">2</span>
|
||
<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>---ts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2021</span>-02-08 <span class="token number">11</span>:27:48<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">thread_name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>main<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">is_daemon</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">priority</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token assign-left variable">TCCL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@232204a1
|
||
<span class="token variable">`</span></span>---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.810591ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:run<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.034568ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.util.Random:nextInt<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#23</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.119367ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> demo.MathGame:primeFactors<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#24 [throws Exception]</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.017407ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:<span class="token operator"><</span>init<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#28</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.127922ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.String:format<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#57</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.01419ms,max<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.020221ms,total<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>.034411ms,count<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:append<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#57</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.021911ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.Exception:getMessage<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#57</span>
|
||
+---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.015643ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.lang.StringBuilder:toString<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#57</span>
|
||
`---<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span>.086622ms<span class="token punctuation">]</span> java.io.PrintStream:println<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#57</span>
|
||
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></li><li><p>非函数调用的指令消耗。比如 <code>i++</code>, <code>getfield</code>等指令。</p></li><li><p>在代码执行过程中，JVM 可能出现停顿，比如 GC，进入同步块等。</p></li></ol><h3 id="使用-v-参数打印更多信息" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-v-参数打印更多信息" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 使用 -v 参数打印更多信息</h3><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">提示</p><p>watch/trace/monitor/stack/tt 命令都支持 <code>-v</code> 参数</p></div><p>当命令执行之后，没有输出结果。有两种可能：</p><ol><li>匹配到的函数没有被执行</li><li>条件表达式结果是 false</li></ol><p>但用户区分不出是哪种情况。</p><p>使用 <code>-v</code>选项，则会打印<code>Condition express</code>的具体值和执行结果，方便确认。</p></div><!--[--><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta right-menu-padding" data-v-fdd717e0><div class="meta-item edit-link"><a class="external-link meta-item-label" href="https://github.com/alibaba/arthas/edit/master/site/docs/doc/trace.md" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" aria-label="在 GitHub 上编辑此页"><!--[--><!--]--><span>在 GitHub 上编辑此页</span><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">在新窗口打开</span></span><!--[--><!--]--></a></div><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">贡献者: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: hengyunabc@gmail.com">hengyunabc</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: i@fatpandac.com">Fatpandac</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: hollowman186@vip.qq.com">Hollow Man</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: favoorr@gmail.com">Jerry</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: xuzhiyi@youzan.com">徐志毅</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav right-menu-padding" data-v-fdd717e0><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/doc/stack.html" class="" aria-label="stack"><!--[--><!--]--> stack <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/doc/tt.html" class="" aria-label="tt"><!--[--><!--]--> tt <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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